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Antioxidants
Special Issues
Oxidative Stress in the Newborn
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Oxidative Stress in the Newborn

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 August 2025 | Viewed by 8562

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ru-Jeng Teng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Suite C410, Children Corporate Center, 999N 92nd Street, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
2. Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd., Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA
Interests: neonatal-perinatal medicine; prematurity; neonatal disorders; free radicals research
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's ability to neutralize them with antioxidants. In newborns, especially preterm infants, this balance is particularly fragile due to their immature antioxidant defenses and increased susceptibility to oxidative damage.

This Special Issue aims to focus on the critical role of oxidative stress in pediatric medicine. By highlighting recent advances and ongoing challenges, it aims to enhance our understanding and guide future research and clinical practices related to oxidative stress in the newborn population.

Suitable topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. The impact of oxidative stress on neonatal diseases such as respiratory distress syndrome, retinopathy of prematurity, and neurodevelopmental disorders.
  2. Mechanisms through which oxidative stress contributes to preterm birth complications and other birth-related issues.
  3. The role of maternal factors, including prenatal exposure to toxins or inadequate nutrition, in exacerbating oxidative stress in newborns.
  4. Advances in antioxidant therapies and other preventive measures to mitigate oxidative damage and improve neonatal outcomes.
  5. Innovative research methodologies and clinical trials focused on understanding and addressing oxidative stress in neonatal populations.

Prof. Dr. Ru-Jeng Teng
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • newborn
  • neonatal diseases
  • oxidative stress
  • reactive oxygen species
  • antioxidant therapy

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 729 KiB  
Article
Composition and Antioxidant Status of Vegan Milk—Pilot Study
by Agnieszka Chrustek, Agnieszka Dombrowska-Pali and Dorota Olszewska-Słonina
Antioxidants 2025, 14(5), 505; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14050505 - 23 Apr 2025
Viewed by 699
Abstract
Background: More and more women are following a vegan and vegetarian diet. For some, the use of a vegan diet during lactation is controversial. Purpose: The aim of the study was to comparatively analyze the concentration of selected hormones, micro- and macronutrients, vitamins, [...] Read more.
Background: More and more women are following a vegan and vegetarian diet. For some, the use of a vegan diet during lactation is controversial. Purpose: The aim of the study was to comparatively analyze the concentration of selected hormones, micro- and macronutrients, vitamins, and the basic composition and antioxidant status of the milk of vegan women, compared to the milk of omnivorous women. Methods: The study included 17 breastfeeding vegan women and 27 omnivorous women. The basic composition of human milk was analyzed using the MIRIS HMATM analyzer (Uppsala, Sweden) The levels of hormones and vitamins were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent method. In order to determine the antioxidant activity and micro- and macroelements, spectrophotometric methods were used. Results: The vegan group was characterized by a lower average age, lower BMI, and lower WHR index compared to the control group. The milk of vegan women showed significantly higher cortisol concentrations and lower iron, vitamin B6, and antioxidant status than the milk of omnivorous women. Conclusions: A vegan diet helps maintain a healthy body weight and is more popular among younger women, under 30 years of age. Higher levels of milk cortisol in vegan women may indicate a high level of anxiety and stress experienced by breastfeeding women, which may have negative consequences not only for breastfeeding mothers but also for the development of their children. Lack of appropriate supplementation in women who do not consume meat and animal products may cause a deficiency of micro- and macroelements in breast milk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in the Newborn)
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Review

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12 pages, 422 KiB  
Review
Inhaled and Systemic Steroids for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Targeting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
by Francesca Galletta, Alessandra Li Pomi, Sara Manti and Eloisa Gitto
Antioxidants 2025, 14(7), 869; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14070869 - 16 Jul 2025
Viewed by 259
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a significant complication of preterm birth, characterized by impaired alveolar and vascular development, chronic lung inflammation, and long-term respiratory morbidity. Corticosteroids, both systemic and inhaled, have been widely investigated as potential therapeutic agents due to their anti-inflammatory properties and [...] Read more.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a significant complication of preterm birth, characterized by impaired alveolar and vascular development, chronic lung inflammation, and long-term respiratory morbidity. Corticosteroids, both systemic and inhaled, have been widely investigated as potential therapeutic agents due to their anti-inflammatory properties and their emerging role in modulating oxidative stress. This narrative review explores the current evidence regarding the use of inhaled and systemic corticosteroids in the prevention and management of BPD, analyzing their efficacy, safety profiles, and long-term outcomes. While systemic corticosteroids, particularly dexamethasone, have demonstrated benefits in reducing ventilator dependence and lung inflammation, concerns regarding adverse neurodevelopmental effects have limited their routine use. Inhaled steroids have been proposed as a safer alternative, but their role in altering the disease trajectory remains controversial. A better understanding of the optimal timing, dosage, and patient selection is essential to maximize benefits while minimizing risks. Future research should focus on optimizing dosing strategies and identifying subgroups of preterm infants who may derive the greatest benefit from corticosteroid therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in the Newborn)
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26 pages, 1980 KiB  
Review
The Destructive Cycle in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: The Rationale for Systems Pharmacology Therapeutics
by Mia Teng, Tzong-Jin Wu, Kirkwood A. Pritchard, Jr., Billy W. Day, Stephen Naylor and Ru-Jeng Teng
Antioxidants 2025, 14(7), 844; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14070844 - 10 Jul 2025
Viewed by 429
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a significant complication of premature birth and neonatal intensive care. While much is known about the drivers of lung injury, few studies have addressed the interrelationships between oxidative stress, inflammation, and downstream events, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. [...] Read more.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a significant complication of premature birth and neonatal intensive care. While much is known about the drivers of lung injury, few studies have addressed the interrelationships between oxidative stress, inflammation, and downstream events, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In this review, we explore the concept of a “destructive cycle” in which these drivers self-amplify to push the lung into a state of maladaptive repair. Animal models, primarily the hyperoxic rat pup model, support a sequential progression from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial injury. We highlight how these intersecting pathways offer not just therapeutic targets but also opportunities for interventions that reprogram system-wide responses. Accordingly, we explore the potential of systems pharmacology therapeutics (SPTs) to address the multifactorial nature of BPD. As a prototype SPT, we describe the development of N-acetyl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosyl-L-cysteine amide (KYC), a systems chemico-pharmacology drug (SCPD), which is selectively activated in inflamed tissues and modulates key nodal targets such as high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1). Collectively, the data suggest that future therapies may require a coordinated, network-level approach to break the destructive cycle and enable proper regeneration rather than partial repair. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in the Newborn)
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16 pages, 990 KiB  
Review
Impact of E-Cigarettes on Fetal and Neonatal Lung Development: The Influence of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
by Antonella Gambadauro, Francesca Galletta, Beatrice Andrenacci, Simone Foti Randazzese, Maria Francesca Patria and Sara Manti
Antioxidants 2025, 14(3), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14030262 - 25 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2477
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) recently increased their popularity as “safer” alternatives to traditional tobacco smoking, including among pregnant women. However, the effect of e-cig exposure on fetal and neonatal developing lungs remains poorly investigated. In this review, we analysed the impact of e-cig aerosol [...] Read more.
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) recently increased their popularity as “safer” alternatives to traditional tobacco smoking, including among pregnant women. However, the effect of e-cig exposure on fetal and neonatal developing lungs remains poorly investigated. In this review, we analysed the impact of e-cig aerosol components (e.g., nicotine, solvents, and flavouring agents) on respiratory system development. We particularly emphasized the role of e-cig-related oxidative stress and inflammation on lung impairment. Nicotine contained in e-cigs can impair lung development at anatomical and molecular levels. Solvents and flavours induce inflammation and oxidative stress and contribute to compromising neonatal lung function. Studies suggest that prenatal e-cig aerosol exposure may increase the risk of future development of respiratory diseases in offspring, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Preventive strategies, such as smoking cessation programs and antioxidant supplementation, may be essential for safeguarding respiratory health. There is an urgent need to explore the safety profile and potential risks of e-cigs, especially considering the limited studies in humans. This review highlights the necessity of regulating e-cig use during pregnancy and promoting awareness of its potential consequences on fetal and neonatal development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in the Newborn)
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18 pages, 2872 KiB  
Review
Apnea of Prematurity and Oxidative Stress: Potential Implications
by Lauren Thompson, Joseph W. Werthammer and David Gozal
Antioxidants 2024, 13(11), 1304; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111304 - 27 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3837
Abstract
Apnea of prematurity (AOP) occurs in 85% of neonates ≤34 weeks of gestational age. AOP is frequently associated with intermittent hypoxia (IH). This narrative review reports on the putative relationship of AOP with IH and the resulting oxidative stress (OS). Preterm infants are [...] Read more.
Apnea of prematurity (AOP) occurs in 85% of neonates ≤34 weeks of gestational age. AOP is frequently associated with intermittent hypoxia (IH). This narrative review reports on the putative relationship of AOP with IH and the resulting oxidative stress (OS). Preterm infants are susceptible to OS due to an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant systems with the excessive free radical load leading to serious morbidities that may include retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and neurodevelopmental delay. Current therapeutic approaches to minimize the adverse effects of AOP and optimize oxygen delivery include noninvasive ventilation and xanthine inhibitor therapy, but these approaches have only been partially successful in decreasing the incidence of AOP and associated morbidities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in the Newborn)
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