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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Antibiotics and Alternative Treatments in Zoonosis Therapy
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Antibiotics and Alternative Treatments in Zoonosis Therapy

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotics in Animal Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2022) | Viewed by 9084

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Valentina Virginia Ebani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
2. Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Interests: veterinary medicine; veterinary microbiology; veterinary diagnostics; veterinary public health; zoonotic diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing threat that compromises therapies of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Antibiotics are often administered without an adequate microbiological diagnosis that documents a bacterial infection. This irrational use of antibiotics has contributed to the selection of an increasing number of resistant strains able to cause infection in animals as well as their owners, breeders and consumers. Moreover, wild mammals and birds may be carriers of resistant bacteria that contaminate different environments and consequently affect people, pets and farm animals.Considering the difficulties to treat most bacterial infections, alternative therapies are welcome in veterinary and human medicine.

This Special Issue, characterized by a One Health perspective, will be devoted to research and review studies about antibiotic resistance in bacterial strains isolated from animals and humans. Studies about new antimicrobial therapies including alternative remedies such as essential oils and other natural products are welcome too.

Dr. Valentina Virginia Ebani
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antibiotic-resistance
  • bacterial infections
  • humans
  • companion animals
  • farm animals
  • wild animals
  • essential oils
  • alternative treatments

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 303 KiB  
Article
Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterococcus spp. in Wild Avifauna from Central Italy
by Giulia Cagnoli, Fabrizio Bertelloni, Paolo Interrante, Renato Ceccherelli, Margherita Marzoni and Valentina Virginia Ebani
Antibiotics 2022, 11(7), 852; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070852 - 24 Jun 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1914
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Enterococcus are opportunistic pathogens, part of the normal intestinal microflora of animals, able to acquire and transfer antimicrobial resistance genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of wild avifauna as a source of antimicrobial-resistant [...] Read more.
Bacteria of the genus Enterococcus are opportunistic pathogens, part of the normal intestinal microflora of animals, able to acquire and transfer antimicrobial resistance genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of wild avifauna as a source of antimicrobial-resistant enterococci. To assess this purpose, 103 Enterococcus spp. strains were isolated from the feces of wild birds of different species; they were tested for antimicrobial resistance against 21 molecules, vancomycin resistance, and high-level aminoglycosides resistance (HLAR). Furthermore, genes responsible for vancomycin, tetracycline, and HLAR were searched. E. faecium was the most frequently detected species (60.20% of isolates), followed by E. faecalis (34.95% of isolates). Overall, 99.02% of the isolated enterococci were classified as multidrug-resistant, with 19.41% extensively drug-resistant, and 2.91% possible pan drug-resistant strains. Most of the isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (77.67%) and ampicillin (75.73%), with only 5.83% of isolates showing an ampicillin MIC ≥ 64 mg/L. HLAR was detected in 35.92% of isolates, mainly associated with the genes ant(6)-Ia and aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia. Few strains (4.85%) were resistant to vancomycin, and the genes vanA and vanB were not detected. A percentage of 54.37% of isolates showed resistance to tetracycline; tet(M) was the most frequently detected gene in these strains. Wild birds may contribute to the spreading of antimicrobial-resistant enterococci, which can affect other animals and humans. Constant monitoring is essential to face up to the evolving antimicrobial resistance issue, and monitoring programs should include wild avifauna, too. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotics and Alternative Treatments in Zoonosis Therapy)
11 pages, 314 KiB  
Article
A One Health Approach Molecular Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Reveals Distinct Lineages in Isolates from Miranda Donkeys (Equus asinus) and Their Handlers
by Vanessa Silva, Cláudia Alfarela, Manuela Caniça, Vera Manageiro, Miguel Nóvoa, Belen Leiva, Maria Kress, José Luís Capelo, Patrícia Poeta and Gilberto Igrejas
Antibiotics 2022, 11(3), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11030374 - 10 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2708
Abstract
Donkeys (Equus asinus) are in decline in Europe. Occupational exposure to farm animals has been associated with increased staphylococci carriage. We aimed to isolate S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from donkeys and handlers and characterize the antimicrobial resistance profiles and [...] Read more.
Donkeys (Equus asinus) are in decline in Europe. Occupational exposure to farm animals has been associated with increased staphylococci carriage. We aimed to isolate S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from donkeys and handlers and characterize the antimicrobial resistance profiles and genetic lineages of S. aureus strains. Oral and nasal swab samples were collected from 49 Miranda donkeys and 23 handlers from 15 different farms. Staphylococci species were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors was investigated by PCR. Molecular typing was performed in S. aureus isolates. From the 49 donkey samples, 4 S. aureus (8.2%) and 21 CoNS (42.9%) were isolated. Ten handlers (43.5%) were carriers of S. aureus and 4 (17.4%) carried CoNS. The CoNS isolates showed resistance to several classes of antimicrobials encoded by the mecA, aph (3′)-IIIa, ant (4′)-Ia, tetM, tetK, lnuA, ermB, ermC, dfrA and dfrG genes. S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin, aminoglicosides and tetracycline harboring the blaZ, aph (3′)-IIIa, tetL, tetM and tetK genes. All S. aureus isolates from donkeys belonged to ST49 and spa-type t208 while the strains isolated from the handlers were ascribed to 3 STs and 7 spa-types. However, human isolates were from different STs than the donkey isolates. Donkeys are mainly colonized by methicillin-resistant S. sciuri. S. aureus transmission between donkeys and their handlers appears not to have occurred since the isolates belonged to different genetic lineages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotics and Alternative Treatments in Zoonosis Therapy)

Review

Jump to: Research

12 pages, 881 KiB  
Review
Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Products as Alternatives to Antibiotics in Poultry Nutrition: A Review
by Steve Kgotlelelo Mahlake, Caven Mguvane Mnisi, Cebisa Kumanda, Doctor Mziwenkosi Nhlanhla Mthiyane and Peter Kotsoana Montso
Antibiotics 2022, 11(5), 565; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11050565 - 23 Apr 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3509
Abstract
The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in poultry feeds increase the total cost of production and compromise the quality of poultry products, which poses a serious threat to human health. Globally, health-conscious poultry consumers have long called for the alternate use of natural [...] Read more.
The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in poultry feeds increase the total cost of production and compromise the quality of poultry products, which poses a serious threat to human health. Globally, health-conscious poultry consumers have long called for the alternate use of natural additives to mitigate the development and spread of multidrug resistant pathogens. Phytogenic plants, such as green tea (Camellia sinensis) products, contain putative nutraceuticals with antibiotic properties that can be used as alternatives to therapeutic, metaphylactic, prophylactic, and growth-promoting antibiotics. However, there are limited studies in the literature that have evaluated the potential of green tea (GT) products when used as replacements to in-feed antibiotics, with most studies focusing on their potential as sources of dietary nutrients in poultry feeds. Thus, this review paper discusses the potential of GT products to replace various antibiotics in poultry diets while presenting GT bioactive substances that can improve the growth performance, carcass and meat quality traits, and health status of the birds. We postulate that the utilisation of GT products in place of antibiotics could deliver sustainable, organic poultry production systems that would contribute significantly to global food and nutrition security. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotics and Alternative Treatments in Zoonosis Therapy)
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