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The Role of Inflammation in Farm Animals and Its Prevention by Dietary Approaches

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A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 22024

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Klaus Eder

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Guest Editor

Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Giessen University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
Interests: animal nutrition; inflammation; polyphenols; insect meal; metabolism; antioxidant system

Prof. Dr. Robert Ringseis

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Guest Editor

Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Giessen University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
Interests: pigs; poultry; animal nutrition; animal health; lipid metabolism; energy metabolism; gut microbiome

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

High-performing farm animals, including high-yielding dairy cows and lactating sows, frequently suffer from inflammatory conditions caused by various challenges such as infectious diseases or stressors (metabolic stress, heat stress, social stress). Previous studies have shown that the induction of a pro-inflammatory condition not only affects animal health but also impairs animal performance such as milk yield or growth. The prevention of the development of pro-inflammatory conditions has been shown to improve several aspects of animal health and performance. The aim of this Special Issue is to publish original research papers and reviews dealing with the development of pro-inflammatory conditions in farm animals, the role of inflammation in health and performance, and its prevention by dietary approaches.

Prof. Dr. Klaus Eder
Prof. Dr. Robert Ringseis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Farm animals
Pigs
Poultry
Chicken
Broiler
Cattle
Dairy Cow
Sheep
Goat
Inflammation
Health
Performance
Diet
Feed additives

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 946 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Methionine and Arginine Supply Alters Abundance of Amino Acid, Insulin Signaling, and Glutathione Metabolism-Related Proteins in Bovine Subcutaneous Adipose Explants Challenged with N-Acetyl-d-sphingosine

by Yusheng Liang, Nana Ma, Danielle N. Coleman, Fang Liu, Yu Li, Hongyan Ding, Fabiana F. Cardoso, Claudia Parys, Felipe C. Cardoso and Juan J. Loor

Animals 2021, 11(7), 2114; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11072114 - 16 Jul 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3625

Abstract

The objective was to perform a proof-of-principle study to evaluate the effects of methionine (Met) and arginine (Arg) supply on protein abundance of amino acid, insulin signaling, and glutathione metabolism-related proteins in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) explants under ceramide (Ce) challenge. SAT from four lactating Holstein cows was incubated with one of the following media: ideal profile of amino acid as the control (IPAA; Lys:Met 2.9:1, Lys:Arg 2:1), increased Met (incMet; Lys:Met 2.5:1), increased Arg (incArg; Lys:Arg 1:1), or incMet plus incArg (Lys:Met 2.5:1 Lys:Arg 1:1) with or without 100 μM exogenous cell-permeable Ce (N-Acetyl-d-sphingosine). Ceramide stimulation downregulated the overall abundance of phosphorylated (p) protein kinase B (AKT), p-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and p-eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2). Without Ce stimulation, increased Met, Arg, or Met + Arg resulted in lower p-mTOR. Compared with control SAT stimulated with Ce, increased Met, Arg, or Met + Arg resulted in greater activation of mTOR (p-mTOR/total mTOR) and AKT (p-AKT/total AKT), with a more pronounced response due to Arg. The greatest protein abundance of glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) was detected in response to increased Met supply during Ce stimulation. Ceramide stimulation decreased the overall protein abundance of the Na-coupled neutral amino acid transporter SLC38A1 and branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK). However, compared with controls, increased Met or Arg supply attenuated the downregulation of BCKDK induced by Ce. Circulating ceramides might affect amino acid, insulin signaling, and glutathione metabolism in dairy cow adipose tissue. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the role of rumen-protected amino acids in regulating bovine adipose function. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Inflammation in Farm Animals and Its Prevention by Dietary Approaches)

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14 pages, 1665 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Swine Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome Is Associated with Plasma Metabolites and Liver Transcriptome in Affected Piglets

by Robert Ringseis, Denise K. Gessner, Frederik Loewenstein, Josef Kuehling, Sabrina Becker, Hermann Willems, Mirjam Lechner, Klaus Eder and Gerald Reiner

Animals 2021, 11(3), 772; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030772 - 11 Mar 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3052

Abstract

Swine Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome can lead to severe clinical signs, especially in tails, ears, teats, and claws in pigs. Clinical and histopathological findings in newborn piglets with intact epidermis indicate a primarily endogenous etiology, and microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are assumed to play a central role in the development of the syndrome. We hypothesized that swine inflammation and necrosis syndrome (SINS) is indirectly triggered by gut-derived MAMPs entering the circulatory system via the liver and thereby causing derangements on liver metabolism. To test this hypothesis, metabolomes, candidate genes of the liver and liver transcriptomes of 6 piglets with high-grade clinical signs of SINS (SINS high) were examined and compared with 6 piglets without significant signs of SINS (SINS low). Several hepatic pro-inflammatory genes and genes involved in stress response were induced in piglets of the SINS high group. The most striking finding from hepatic transcript profiling and bioinformatic enrichment was that the most enriched biological processes associated with the approximately 220 genes induced in the liver of the SINS high group were exclusively related to metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid metabolic process. Within the genes (≈390) repressed in the liver of the SINS high group, enriched pathways were ribosome biogenesis, RNA processing, RNA splicing, spliceosome, and RNA transport. The transcriptomic findings were supported by the results of the metabolome analyses. These results provide the first evidence for the induction of an inflammatory process in the liver of piglets suffering from SINS, accompanied by lipid metabolic derangement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Inflammation in Farm Animals and Its Prevention by Dietary Approaches)

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Review

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18 pages, 1415 KiB

Open AccessReview

Inflammatory Mediation of Heat Stress-Induced Growth Deficits in Livestock and Its Potential Role as a Target for Nutritional Interventions: A Review

by Micah S. Most and Dustin T. Yates

Animals 2021, 11(12), 3539; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123539 - 13 Dec 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5494

Abstract

Heat stress is detrimental to well-being and growth performance in livestock, and systemic inflammation arising during chronic heat stress contributes to these poor outcomes. Sustained exposure of muscle and other tissues to inflammation can impair the cellular processes that facilitate muscle growth and intramuscular fat deposition, thus reducing carcass quality and yield. Climate change is expected to produce more frequent extreme heat events, increasing the potential impact of heat stress on sustainable livestock production. Feedlot animals are at particularly high risk for heat stress, as confinement limits their ability to seek cooling from the shade, water, or breeze. Economically practical options to circumvent heat stress in feedlot animals are limited, but understanding the mechanistic role of inflammation in heat stress outcomes may provide the basis for treatment strategies to improve well-being and performance. Feedlot animals receive formulated diets daily, which provides an opportunity to administer oral nutraceuticals and other bioactive products to mitigate heat stress-induced inflammation. In this review, we examine the complex associations between heat stress, systemic inflammation, and dysregulated muscle growth in meat animals. We also present evidence for potential nutraceutical and dietary moderators of inflammation and how they might improve the unique pathophysiology of heat stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Inflammation in Farm Animals and Its Prevention by Dietary Approaches)

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25 pages, 367 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Dietary and Microbial Fatty Acids in the Control of Inflammation in Neonatal Piglets

by Barbara U. Metzler-Zebeli

Animals 2021, 11(10), 2781; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102781 - 24 Sep 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2572

Abstract

Excessive inflammation and a reduced gut mucosal barrier are major causes for gut dysfunction in piglets. The fatty acid (FA) composition of the membrane lipids is crucial for mediating inflammatory signalling and is largely determined by their dietary intake. Porcine colostrum and milk are the major sources of fat in neonatal piglets. Both are rich in fat, demonstrating the dependence of the young metabolism from fat and providing the young organism with the optimum profile of lipids for growth and development. The manipulation of sow’s dietary polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) intake has been shown to be an efficient strategy to increase the transfer of specific FAs to the piglet for incorporation in enteric tissues and cell membranes. n-3 PUFAs, especially seems to be beneficial for the immune response and gut epithelial barrier function, supporting the piglet’s enteric defences in situations of increased stress such as weaning. Little is known about microbial lipid mediators and their role in gut barrier function and inhibition of inflammation in neonatal piglets. The present review summarizes the current knowledge of lipid nutrition in new-born piglets, comparing the FA ingestion from milk and plant-based lipid sources and touching the areas of host lipid signalling, inflammatory signalling and microbially derived FAs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Inflammation in Farm Animals and Its Prevention by Dietary Approaches)

17 pages, 2112 KiB

Open AccessReview

Swine Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome (SINS)

by Gerald Reiner, Josef Kuehling, Frederik Loewenstein, Mirjam Lechner and Sabrina Becker

Animals 2021, 11(6), 1670; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061670 - 3 Jun 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5169

Abstract

Tail biting is a prevalent and undesirable behaviour in pigs and a major source of significant reduction in well-being. However, focusing on biting considers only one part of the solution, because tail damage can be found with a high prevalence without any action by other pigs. The lesions are not limited to the tail but can also be found in the ears, heels, soles, claw coronary bands, teats, navel, vulva, and face. Environmental improvement alone often fails to overcome the problem. This review addresses a new inflammation and necrosis syndrome in swine (SINS). It shows the clinical signs and the frequencies of occurrence in different age groups. It compiles scientific evidence from clinical and histopathological studies in newborn piglets that argue for a primary endogenous aetiology of the disease. Bringing together the findings of a broad body of research, the possible mechanisms leading to the disease are identified and then discussed. This part will especially focus on microbe-associated molecular patterns in the circulation and their role in activating defence mechanisms and inflammation. Finally, the methods are identified to ameliorate the problem by optimizing husbandry and selecting a suitable breeding stock. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Inflammation in Farm Animals and Its Prevention by Dietary Approaches)

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