Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare, offering unprecedented opportunities to improve diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes. From predictive analytics and personalized medicine to robotic surgery and clinical decision support, AI is reshaping the medical landscape and redefining the future of healthcare delivery. Beyond technical innovation, the integration of AI in medicine raises critical ethical and governance questions. Algorithms can perpetuate or amplify biases present in training data, leading to inequitable outcomes across patient populations. Furthermore, the reliance on sensitive health information introduces profound concerns about data privacy, consent, and ownership. These issues demand robust regulatory frameworks and transparent practices to ensure that AI-driven healthcare remains fair, accountable, and trustworthy. Furthermore, while AI promises efficiency in medical decision-making, its integration in healthcare raises profound questions about the patient–doctor relationship and the professional autonomy of clinicians. As algorithms increasingly influence diagnoses and treatment plans, traditional notions of medical authority and trust are being renegotiated. This shift invites critical discussion on the relational and ethical dimensions of care.

This Special Issue, entitled “Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine”, will highlight cutting-edge research on and practical implementations of AI in medical contexts. Our goal is to provide a platform for interdisciplinary dialogue among researchers, clinicians, and technologists to explore how AI can enhance healthcare while addressing ethical, regulatory, and operational challenges.

Scope of the Special Issue

We invite original research articles, reviews, and case studies on topics including, but not limited to, the following:

• AI in Clinical Decision Support Development and evaluation of AI-driven tools for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning;
• Medical Imaging and Diagnostics Applications of machine learning and deep learning for image interpretation, anomaly detection, and radiomics;
• Predictive Analytics and Personalized Medicine AI models for risk prediction, disease progression, and individualized treatment strategies;
• Natural Language Processing in Healthcare Extraction and analysis of clinical data from electronic health records, medical literature, and patient narratives;
• AI in Surgery and Robotics Innovations in robotic-assisted procedures and real-time decision-making during surgery;
• Patient–Doctor Relationship and Professional Autonomy: critical perspectives on how AI reshapes clinical judgment, trust, and relational care, and strategies to preserve professional autonomy;
• Bias, Fairness, and Regulation in AI-Driven Healthcare: addressing algorithmic bias, equity in outcomes, and regulatory frameworks for safe and ethical AI deployment;
• Data Privacy and Ethical Use of Patient Information: governance of private health data, consent models, anonymization techniques, and ethical considerations in large-scale data sharing:
• Ethical and Societal Implications of AI in Medicine: transparency, accountability, and the societal impact of automation in healthcare;
• Designing a human-centered interactive architecture for decision support systems that integrates expert knowledge with user-driven exploration

Dr. Shirly Bar-Lev
Dr. Sivan Albagli-Kim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. AI is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.