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Sustainability of Rice Cultivation System: Management Practices and Market Opportunities—Volume...
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Sustainability of Rice Cultivation System: Management Practices and Market Opportunities—Volume I

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Innovative Cropping Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2022) | Viewed by 14454

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jing Xiang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
Interests: rice; mechanized cultivation; root; nutrient management; physiology; water irrigation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Huizhe Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311400, China
Interests: rice; mechanization; cultivation technique; nutrient management; physiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops grown worldwide, and is the staple food of over half of the world’s population. High rice production can be sustained in two ways by expansion of cultivation area and increase in land productivity. Achieving high rice production in land requires an increase in water resource, fertilizer input, pesticide applications, and so on. However, those crop intensification processes have led to environmental pollution, soil fertility degradation, and crop yield reduction. Thus, it is imperative that efforts to increase rice-based cropping system productivity and alleviate the deleterious crop intensification processes by Management Practices improvement.

This Special Issue of Agronomy aims to publish the latest research progress on the management practices to enhance the sustainability of rice cultivation system. For this Special Issue, we welcome investigators to contribute original research articles and review papers.

Dr. Jing Xiang
Prof. Dr. Huizhe Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • rice cultivation
  • sustainability
  • management mode
  • soil fertility
  • nitrogen
  • irrigation
  • productivity

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 857 KiB  
Article
Improving the Sustainability of Rice Cultivation in Central Thailand with Biofertilizers and Laser Land Leveling
by Anny Ruth P. Pame, Duangporn Vithoonjit, Nisa Meesang, Carlito Balingbing, Martin Gummert, Nguyen Van Hung, Grant R. Singleton and Alexander M. Stuart
Agronomy 2023, 13(2), 587; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020587 - 18 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2882
Abstract
Rice production in the Central Plains of Thailand plays a key role in the country’s food security. However, the overuse of inputs coupled with the rising production costs are making it increasingly difficult for smallholder rice farming to remain economically and environmentally sustainable. [...] Read more.
Rice production in the Central Plains of Thailand plays a key role in the country’s food security. However, the overuse of inputs coupled with the rising production costs are making it increasingly difficult for smallholder rice farming to remain economically and environmentally sustainable. Replicated production-scale field trials of Cost Reduction Operating Principles (CROP)—Thailand’s national package of best management practices for rice production—were established in tandem with laser land leveling (LLL), mechanical drum seeder, and the application of two biofertilizer products (i.e., PGPR II, that contains Azospirillum brasilense Sp. TS29 and Burkholderia vietnamiensis S45; and LDD #12, that contains Azotobacter tropicalis, Burkholderia unamae and Bacillus subtilis) and compared with farmer’s practices (FP). Performance indicators (PI) promoted by the Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP) were used to assess economic and environmental indicators. CROP + PGPR had significantly higher net income (79%) and nitrogen-use efficiency (57%) compared with FP. Pesticide use (28%), seed (60%), inorganic fertilizer N (41%) and total production costs (19%) were reduced in all CROP treatments compared with FP. These results demonstrate that the application of CROP, LLL, mechanical drum seeder, and biofertilizers can substantially improve the economic and environmental sustainability of rice production in the Central Plains of Thailand. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of Rice Cultivation System: Management Practices and Market Opportunities—Volume I)
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17 pages, 4635 KiB  
Article
Optimizing Agronomy Improves Super Hybrid Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency through Enhanced Post-Heading Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism
by Jun Deng, Jiayu Ye, Ke Liu, Matthew Tom Harrison, Xuefen Zhong, Chunhu Wang, Xiaohai Tian, Liying Huang and Yunbo Zhang
Agronomy 2023, 13(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010013 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1929
Abstract
The super hybrid rice breeding program in China has raised genetic yield ceilings through morphological improvements and inter-subspecific heterosis. Despite this, little information on the physiological basis underlying this yield transformation exists, and less so on the genotype x environment x management conditions [...] Read more.
The super hybrid rice breeding program in China has raised genetic yield ceilings through morphological improvements and inter-subspecific heterosis. Despite this, little information on the physiological basis underlying this yield transformation exists, and less so on the genotype x environment x management conditions enabling consistent yield gains. Here, we assess grain yield, photosynthetic physiology, and leaf carbon and nitrogen (N) metabolic properties of super rice (Y-liangyou900) under four management practices (i.e., zero-fertilizer control, CK; farmers’ practice, FP; high-yield and high-efficiency management, OPT1; and super-high-yield management, OPT2) using a field experiment conducted over five years. Grain yield and agronomic N use efficiency (AEN) of OPT2 were 15% and 10% higher than OPT1, and 30% and 78% higher than FP, respectively. The superior yields of OPT2 were attributed to higher source production capacity, that is, higher leaf photosynthetic rate, carbon metabolic enzyme activity (i.e., AGP and SPS), nitrogen metabolic enzyme activity (i.e., NR, GS, and GOGAT), soluble protein and sugar content, and delayed leaf senescence (the latter due to elevated activity of protective enzyme systems) during grain filling. The higher AEN of OPT2 was associated with higher activity of leaf carbon metabolic enzyme (i.e., AGP and SPS), nitrogen metabolic enzyme (i.e., NR, GS, GDH, and GOGAT) and protective enzyme (POD) after heading, and lower C/N ratio in grains. We conclude that optimized management (optimized water and fertilizer management with appropriate dense planting) improved grain yield and N use efficiency simultaneously by enhancing post-heading leaf carbon and N metabolism and delayed leaf senescence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of Rice Cultivation System: Management Practices and Market Opportunities—Volume I)
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17 pages, 624 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Agronomic Efficiency of Azospirillum brasilense Strains Ab-V5 and Ab-V6 in Flood-Irrigated Rice
by Maria Laura Turino Mattos, Ricardo Alexandre Valgas and Jose Francisco da Silva Martins
Agronomy 2022, 12(12), 3047; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123047 - 01 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1581
Abstract
The rational use of nitrogen fertilization is fundamental, not only to increase recovery efficiency, but also to increase crop productivity and reduce the production costs and risks of environmental impacts. In the State of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, irrigated rice productivity [...] Read more.
The rational use of nitrogen fertilization is fundamental, not only to increase recovery efficiency, but also to increase crop productivity and reduce the production costs and risks of environmental impacts. In the State of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, irrigated rice productivity can surpass 8 tonne·ha−1 as a result of the technification of the crop and favorable environmental conditions, yet there is great variability in the agronomic efficiency of chemical nitrogen fertilizers, which rarely exceed 50% of the applied dose. Biological nitrogen fixation is one of the technological alternatives for reducing the use of nitrogen in this crop. In this study, the agronomic efficiency of Azospirillum brasilense strains Ab-V5 and Ab-V6 in terms of biological nitrogen fixation in flood-irrigated rice cultivars in a lowland agroecosystem was evaluated through five field experiments. A. brasilense combined with reduced nitrogen fertilization (reduction of 30 kg N·ha−1) increased the dry mass of the aerial part of rice plants by 3.2%, and promoted an increase in N concentration in stems and leaves and in the N content exported by grains by 43% and 27.5%, respectively, in relation to the absence of N and inoculant, and promoted an average increase of 30% in rice production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of Rice Cultivation System: Management Practices and Market Opportunities—Volume I)
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15 pages, 3207 KiB  
Article
Real-Time Nitrogen Application of Rice Varieties Based on Leaf Colour Chart under System of Rice Intensification in Temperate Climate
by Tauseef Ahmad Bhat, Raihana Habib Kanth, Bisma Jan, Aijaz Nazir, Shafat Ahmad Ahanger, Mohammad Salim Mir, Nasir Bashir Naikoo, Suhail Fayaz, Khursheed Ahmad Dar, Audil Gul, Tajamul Mansoor, Ibrahim Al-Ashkar, Arpna Kumari, Muhammad Habib ur Rahman and Ayman El Sabagh
Agronomy 2022, 12(9), 2229; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092229 - 19 Sep 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2212
Abstract
Increasing nitrogen use efficiency in rice intensification (SRI) is pivotal to achieving high crop yield and reducing nitrogen losses. To find the critical value of the leaf color chart (LCC) for real-time nitrogen (N) application in rice varieties under SRI, a field experiment [...] Read more.
Increasing nitrogen use efficiency in rice intensification (SRI) is pivotal to achieving high crop yield and reducing nitrogen losses. To find the critical value of the leaf color chart (LCC) for real-time nitrogen (N) application in rice varieties under SRI, a field experiment was laid at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Wadura, SKAUST-Kashmir in Kharif between 2019 and 2020. The experiment comprised two cultivars (SR-3 and SR-4) and eight LCC-based nitrogen managements (control, recommended dose of nitrogen (RDF), and three LCC scores (≤3, ≤4, ≤5 each with 20 and 30 kg N ha−1). SR-4 produced significantly higher values for growth and yield parameters, producing higher grain yield (7.02 and 6.86 t ha−1) compared to SR-3 (6.49 and 6.36 t ha−1) between 2019 and 2020, respectively. An LCC value of 5 with 30 kg N ha−1 produced maximum grain yield (7.84 and 7.70 t ha−1) in 2019 and 2020, respectively, which were statistically at par with the LCC value of 5 with 20 kg Nha−1. Pooled data revealed that the highest B: C ratio of 1.55 was recorded in cultivar SR-4 with an LCC value of 5 with 30 kg N ha−1. Furthermore, agronomic and recovery efficiency of nitrogen remained maximum in LCC 5 with 20 kg N ha−1 for both years. Grain yield recorded in LCC 3 20 kg N ha−1 was similar to recommended nitrogen. The present study highlighted the need-based N application through LCC and proved effective in increasing the N-use efficiency and yield in rice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of Rice Cultivation System: Management Practices and Market Opportunities—Volume I)
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16 pages, 3011 KiB  
Article
Coordinating High Yield and Superior Eating Quality of Rice: A Case Study of Hybrid Varieties Derived from Longke638S and Jing4155S
by Wenlong Yang, Kai Wang, Shengming Xia, Ting Du, Yifan Fu, Yuanzhu Yang and Fei Wang
Agronomy 2022, 12(7), 1628; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071628 - 07 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1515
Abstract
The planting area of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) has continuously decreased in recent years partially because of the low eating quality. Longke638S and Jing4155S are two elite male sterile lines, which are used for developing many hybrid varieties with large planting [...] Read more.
The planting area of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) has continuously decreased in recent years partially because of the low eating quality. Longke638S and Jing4155S are two elite male sterile lines, which are used for developing many hybrid varieties with large planting areas in China. Here, 21 hybrid rice varieties of an incomplete diallel cross population with Longke638S and Jing4155S as female parents were planted under field conditions for two consecutive years, aiming to investigate the physiological and transcriptomic characteristics that is required for coordinating high yield and superior eating quality. As a result, grain yield ranged from 7.15 to 9.23 t ha−1 in 2019 and from 7.49 to 9.23 t ha−1 in 2020, and a negative relationship was identified between yield and quality-related traits. Hybrid varieties with Longke638S as the female parent (LLY) had higher yield but lower eating quality than those with Jing4155S as the female parent (JLY). The higher yield of LLY over JLY was due to higher biomass production and N uptake as well as higher yield stability across planting years, while their lower grain quality can be mainly ascribed to lower amylose content and alkali spreading value. Male parents significantly affected yield-related traits of LLY and eating quality-related traits of JLY. Candidate genes involved in grain starch biosynthesis were differentially expressed between LLYHZ, JLYHZ, and JLY1212, such as Wx and ALK. Overall, this study examined the relationship between grain yield and eating quality and identified the physiological and molecular traits that limited grain yield or eating quality of LLY and JLY hybrid varieties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of Rice Cultivation System: Management Practices and Market Opportunities—Volume I)
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12 pages, 748 KiB  
Article
Effect of Rice-Straw Biochar Application on the Acquisition of Rhizosphere Phosphorus in Acidified Paddy Soil
by Yikai Zhang, Huizhe Chen, Jing Xiang, Jiahuan Xiong, Yaliang Wang, Zhigang Wang and Yuping Zhang
Agronomy 2022, 12(7), 1556; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071556 - 28 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1942
Abstract
A serious acidification trend currently affects paddy soil and soil phosphorus (P) availability has declined in rice production. This study investigated the effect of rice-straw biochar on P availability and the adaptability of rice roots in acidified soil. Rice was grown in rhizoboxes, [...] Read more.
A serious acidification trend currently affects paddy soil and soil phosphorus (P) availability has declined in rice production. This study investigated the effect of rice-straw biochar on P availability and the adaptability of rice roots in acidified soil. Rice was grown in rhizoboxes, allowing for the precise sampling of rhizosphere and bulk soil for the sequential extraction of P fractions. Biochar may provide a liming effect and strong nutrient adsorption, leading to soil improvement. The results confirmed that biochar application significantly improved plant growth and P accumulation in shoots by 29% and 75%, respectively. However, the application of washed biochar and equivalent lime only increased shoot biomass and P accumulation by 13.4% and 11.2%, and by 42% and 38%, respectively. Compared with the control, applying biochar increased the plant-available P component contents in rhizosphere and bulk soil. Biochar affected the chemical balance among the different P fractions, increased aluminum-bound phosphate (Al-P) pool, calcium-bound phosphate (Ca-P) pool and decreased the occluded phosphate pool in acidic paddy soil. Biochar amendment significantly improved root growth of and increased the citrate exudation from roots under low P supply, accompanied by the enhanced expression of the anion-transporter-related OsFRDL4 gene and the OsPT1 phosphate transporter. The results showed that biochar application in degraded acidic soils could improve rice potential for P acquisition to increase available P component and maintain high citrate exudation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of Rice Cultivation System: Management Practices and Market Opportunities—Volume I)
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Review

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12 pages, 1903 KiB  
Review
Progress of Research on Phytohormone Interaction in Germination of Direct-Seeded Rice under Submergence
by Hui Wu, Hua Huang, Xuhui Wang, Haifang Dai, Yikai Zhang, Yaliang Wang, Yuping Zhang, Defeng Zhu, Huizhe Chen and Jing Xiang
Agronomy 2022, 12(10), 2454; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102454 - 10 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1587
Abstract
Due to rainfall, closed weeding of paddy fields and other reasons, submergence stress often occurs during the germination and emergence stages of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.), which leads to intensified anaerobic respiration, accelerated consumption of stored nutrients, difficulty in germination of [...] Read more.
Due to rainfall, closed weeding of paddy fields and other reasons, submergence stress often occurs during the germination and emergence stages of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.), which leads to intensified anaerobic respiration, accelerated consumption of stored nutrients, difficulty in germination of rice seeds, uneven emergence of seedlings and varying yields. Recent advances in the understanding of phytohormone interaction and the regulation of signaling pathways in crops have increased the feasibility of modulating responses to phytohormones in crop plants to enhance adaptation to environmental changes. In this review, we summarize recent advances and progress in the understanding of the regulation of phytohormone signaling pathways and their interactions with diverse internal and external signaling cues under submergence. We also discuss how these physiological modulations of phytohormones and their abundant signaling crosstalk can be applied to enhance the submergence tolerance of direct-seeded rice during germination through the manipulation of seedling morphogenesis and the fine-tuning of stress responses. Finally, we discuss how complex phytohormone signaling pathways could regulate the metabolism of stored nutrients, anaerobic respiration and energy supply in submerged direct-seeded rice seeds, thereby improving their submergence tolerance. This review hopes to provide a basis for studies of the tolerance mechanisms of submerged direct-seeded rice and the promotion of the simplified direct-seeded rice cultivation model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of Rice Cultivation System: Management Practices and Market Opportunities—Volume I)
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