Achievements and Perspectives on Heavy Metal Stress and Crop Plant Responses

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Soil and Plant Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 2014

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 119 Calea Aradului, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
Interests: plant breeding; quantitative genetics; genotype × environment interactions; heavy metals stress; drought and salts stress; biostatistics; plants bioactive compounds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 119 Calea Aradului, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
Interests: plant physiology; polluted soils; heavy metals and metalloids; plant metabolism; antioxidant capacity; drought and salts stress in plants; photosynthesis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 119 Calea Aradului, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
Interests: agricultural microbiology; plant microbiome; soil microflora; abiotic stress; rhizospheric mechanisms

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Environmental pollution with heavy metals is a recognized phenomenon. Over time, plants have developed mechanisms to counteract the negative effects of heavy metal pollution, largely due to the activity of the rhizosphere microbiome, or by isolating and concentrating them in various organs and tissues. In general, crop plant species do not present specific adaptation mechanisms and are therefore highly exposed to heavy metal pollution, with tendencies for their accumulation in various organs and direct negative effects on the level and quality of yield. From this point of view, it is essential to better understand both the stress induced by the presence of heavy metals on plants and their microbiome, but also the physiological, biochemical, and molecular reactions of anti-metal protection and the impact on harvest. This Special Issue aims to obtain and provide valuable information regarding the following:

- The mode of action of heavy metal pollution in plants.

- Technological measures to prevent and mitigate heavy metal pollution of the agricultural environment.

- Counteracting the effects of stress by plants through physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms.

- Quantitative and qualitative changes in the plant microbiome under conditions of heavy metal pollution.

Manuscripts that provide valuable scientific contributions on the perception and metabolic response of plants to the unilateral action of heavy metals and the interactions between them, highlighting the impact on crops, will be especially appreciated.

We invite you to join us to contribute to a better understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms involved in the response of plants to heavy metal pollution and to the identification of innovative technological remediation measures.

Prof. Dr. Ciulca Sorin
Prof. Dr. Șumălan Radu-Liviu
Dr. Renata Maria Sumalan
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • heavy metal (HM) pollution
  • HM toxicity in plants
  • plant responses to HM stress
  • plant’s adaptation strategies to HM stress
  • phytoremediation
  • metallophytes
  • HM stress mitigation
  • genetic of plant’s tolerance to HM stress
  • Rhizospheric microbiome adaptation and plant tolerance

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 10487 KB  
Article
Sources, Bioconcentration, and Translocation of Heavy Metals in Haloxylon Ammodendron in the Eastern Junggar Coalfield, Xinjiang, China
by Ziqi Wang, Xuemin He, Zhao An, Xingwang Gao, Gang Wang and Mingqin Chen
Agronomy 2026, 16(4), 460; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16040460 - 15 Feb 2026
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Abstract
A study on the sources, bioconcentration, and translocation of heavy metals in Haloxylon ammodendron in the Eastern Junggar Coalfield, Xinjiang, China, was conducted and evaluated. The quantities of Pb, Cd, and Cr were 1.2, 22.5, and 1.9 times higher than the baseline values [...] Read more.
A study on the sources, bioconcentration, and translocation of heavy metals in Haloxylon ammodendron in the Eastern Junggar Coalfield, Xinjiang, China, was conducted and evaluated. The quantities of Pb, Cd, and Cr were 1.2, 22.5, and 1.9 times higher than the baseline values of Xinjiang soils, respectively. The mean concentrations of these heavy metals in the rhizosphere soil of Haloxylon ammodendron were 48.81, 17.74, 93.25, 3.32, 29.05, and 26.95 mg/kg. The exceedance rates for Cd, Cr, and Pb in bare soil were 100%, 99.03%, and 75.73%, respectively, indicating significant accumulation of heavy metals, with Cd demonstrating the highest enrichment degree. Most sampling sites showed moderate pollution according to the Pollution Load Index (PLI). Meanwhile, the Pollution Index (PN) indicated elevated pollution levels at all the sampling sites, with Cr identified as the first contaminant. The absolute principal component score–multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model revealed three principal sources of heavy metal pollutants in soil: 44.2% from natural processes and mining activities, 22.7% from industrial coal combustion and sewage, and 33.1% of undetermined origins. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and translocation factors (TFs) revealed Haloxylon ammodendron to have clear accumulation and translocation abilities with respect to these heavy metals. The fuzzy membership function showed that the overall assessment score for Haloxylon ammodendron was 9.1325, indicating the substantial remediation potential of Haloxylon ammodendron for heavy metal pollutants, especially for Cd. Furthermore, Haloxylon ammodendron demonstrated substantial Pb and Cr accumulation and remediation ability. Haloxylon ammodendron exhibited remarkable heavy metal accumulation and translocation abilities, making it a suitable tool for phytoremediation in the study area. The findings of this study will prove useful in promoting and implementing sustainable mining practices and safeguarding regional ecological security and may contribute to advancing local ecological conservation and social economic development. Full article
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Review

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21 pages, 2307 KB  
Review
Selenium-Mediated Rhizosphere Blocking and Control Network: Multidimensional Mechanisms for Regulating Heavy Metal Bioavailability
by Qing Guan, Xiaotong Zhou, Shuqing Jia, Yulong Niu, Linling Li, Hua Cheng, Shuiyuan Cheng and Yingtang Lu
Agronomy 2026, 16(3), 363; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16030363 - 2 Feb 2026
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Abstract
Soil heavy metal (HM) pollution poses a severe threat to ecological security and human health. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for the human body and can regulate crop growth and development as well as HM uptake in HM-contaminated soils. The regulatory [...] Read more.
Soil heavy metal (HM) pollution poses a severe threat to ecological security and human health. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for the human body and can regulate crop growth and development as well as HM uptake in HM-contaminated soils. The regulatory mechanisms of Se on HMs are mainly reflected in four aspects: Geochemical immobilization promotes the formation of metal selenide precipitates and the adsorption of HMs by soil colloids by regulating the rhizosphere redox potential (Eh) and pH value. Rhizosphere microbial remodeling drives the enrichment of functional microorganisms such as Se redox bacteria, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) through the dual selective pressure of Se toxicity and root exudates, in order to synergistically realize Se speciation transformation and HM adsorption/chelation. Root barrier reinforcement constructs physical and chemical dual defense barriers by inducing the formation of iron plaques on the root surface, remodeling root morphology and strengthening cell wall components such as lignin and polysaccharides. Intracellular transport regulation down-regulates the genes encoding HM uptake transporters, up-regulates the genes encoding HM efflux proteins, and promotes the synthesis of phytochelatins (PCs) to form HM complexes and lastly realizes vacuolar sequestration. Finally, we summarize current research gaps in the interaction mechanisms of different Se species, precise application strategies, and long-term environmental risk assessment, providing a theoretical basis and technical outlook for the green remediation of HM-contaminated farmlands and Se biofortification of crops. Full article
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