Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Minor Cereals

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Breeding and Genetics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 1768

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: germplasm evaluation; minor cereals; yield formation; QTLs mapping

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Minor cereals, such as foxtail millet, sorghum, broomcorn millet, edible beans, buckwheat, oats, etc., are widely cultivated worldwide for grain food and forage consumption, particularly in developing and underdeveloped countries with low productivity conditions. Their resilience to drought and harsh environments makes them well-suited for cultivation in challenging conditions. Additionally, minor cereals are nutrient-dense, containing a blend of micro- and macro-nutrients, proteins, essential amino acids, dietary fiber, and resistant starch, providing valuable supplements to staple cereal crops like rice, maize, wheat, and soybeans globally.

This Special Issue aims to delve into the dissection of key traits, such as yield potential, stress tolerance, disease resistance, and quality formation, utilizing genetic (forward and reverse) and genomic approaches to enhance the yield and quality potential of relevant minor crop species. This research has the potential to benefit future breeding programs for minor cereals on a global scale, especially in underdeveloped countries facing low productivity conditions in Asia and Africa.

Prof. Dr. Guanqing Jia
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • minor cereal
  • yield potential
  • nutritional quality
  • stress tolerance
  • gene cloning
  • breeding

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 8426 KiB  
Article
Exploring Proso Millet Resilience to Abiotic Stresses: High-Yield Potential in Desert Environments of the Middle East
by Srinivasan Samineni, Sridhar Gummadi, Sumitha Thushar, Dil Nawaz Khan, Anestis Gkanogiannis, Luis Augusto Becerra Lopez-Lavalle and Rakesh Kumar Singh
Agronomy 2025, 15(1), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15010165 - 11 Jan 2025
Viewed by 493
Abstract
Scarce water resources, high temperatures, limited rainfall, elevated soil salinity, and poor soil quality (98% sand) challenge crop production in the desert regions of the Middle East. Proso millet’s resilience under these stresses presents a potential solution for enhancing food security in arid [...] Read more.
Scarce water resources, high temperatures, limited rainfall, elevated soil salinity, and poor soil quality (98% sand) challenge crop production in the desert regions of the Middle East. Proso millet’s resilience under these stresses presents a potential solution for enhancing food security in arid environments. This field study evaluated 24 proso millet genotypes under three environments (100% freshwater, 50% freshwater, and 10 dS/m salinity) in the UAE during normal and summer seasons, aiming to identify genotypes resilient to water, heat, and salinity stresses and to assess genotype-by-environment (G × E) interactions and key traits associated with grain yield. ANOVA indicated significant G × E interactions. Genotypes G9 and G24 displayed high yield and stability across environments during the normal season. In the summer, genotypes G7 and G10 exhibited resilience with high yields under high-temperature stress alone, while combined stresses led to yield reductions across all genotypes, with greater susceptibility under cumulative stress. GGE biplot analysis identified G9 as ideal in the normal season, while G15 and G23 demonstrated stability under combined stresses in the summer season. High chaffy grain yield (CGY) observed under summer stress conditions suggests a shift in resource allocation away from productive grain formation. The reproductive phase was highly vulnerable to heat stress, with 88% of this period experiencing daytime temperatures exceeding 40 °C, with a peak reaching up to 49 °C. These extreme conditions, coinciding with the crop’s critical growth stages, triggered a significant increase in chaffy grain production, substantially reducing overall grain yield. Despite these challenges, genotypes G7, G10, and G12 exhibited notable resilience, maintaining yields above 0.75 t ha−1. Correlation analysis suggested that selecting for increased plant height, forage yield, and 1000-grain weight (TGW) could enhance grain yield under the normal and summer conditions. This study highlights the potential of proso millet genotypes as climate-resilient options for arid regions, providing a basis for developing stress-tolerant varieties and promoting sustainable agriculture in desert climates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Minor Cereals)
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22 pages, 4866 KiB  
Article
Transcriptomic Insights into Drought Survival Strategy of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench during Early Growth under Polyethylene Glycol-Simulated Conditions
by Ruidong Zhang, Jiarong Chang, Haiyun Chen, Jiaqi Li, Kun Huang, Zhilan Deng, Xiong Cao and Jun Feng
Agronomy 2024, 14(10), 2364; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14102364 - 13 Oct 2024
Viewed by 868
Abstract
Drought stress during sorghum emergence significantly affects seedling establishment, adversely affecting both emergence and population growth. This study investigates drought tolerance mechanisms during sorghum germination by analyzing physiological changes and transcriptomic data from two lines: W069 (drought tolerant) and W040 (drought sensitive). Under [...] Read more.
Drought stress during sorghum emergence significantly affects seedling establishment, adversely affecting both emergence and population growth. This study investigates drought tolerance mechanisms during sorghum germination by analyzing physiological changes and transcriptomic data from two lines: W069 (drought tolerant) and W040 (drought sensitive). Under drought conditions, a phenotypic analysis revealed that W069 exhibited longer shoots and roots than W040. Additionally, physiological data indicated higher osmotic substance and lower malondialdehyde levels in W069. Using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome analyses, we identified three key pathways (starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and phytohormone signaling) as pivotal in the drought response during seed germination in sorghum plants. Expression profiling revealed that most drought tolerance-related genes in the three key pathways were expressed at higher levels in the drought-tolerant cultivar W069, possibly explaining its greater stress tolerance. These findings enhance our understanding of drought-responsive gene networks in sorghum seed germination, offering potential target genes and strategies for enhancing drought tolerance in this crop. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Minor Cereals)
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