Phytoalexins, Resistance Inducers, and Sustainable Control Measures in Crop Protection Strategies—3rd Edition

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Pest and Disease Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2026) | Viewed by 1490

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Guest Editor
Department of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini, 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
Interests: grapevine; crop protection; plant pathology; phytopathology; plant disease management; fungal plant pathology; fungal infection
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In-depth knowledge of plants’ defense mechanisms against pathogens will facilitate the development of crop protection strategies that are based on the induction of effective defense responses. To achieve this, research on different substances that can be used as resistance inductors will prove very important. This could allow the greater and faster synthesis of phytoalexins and/or other defense compounds during growth stages in which pathogens are more virulent, contributing to better disease control. Similarly, the objective of environmentally friendly and sustainable control can be achieved by using biological and natural products instead of chemical applications. This Special Issue aims to collect articles that cover both of these aspects and share the objective of avoiding or reducing the use of chemical plant protection products.

Prof. Dr. Francesco Calzarano
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • sustainable crop protection
  • resistance induction
  • biological products
  • natural products
  • disease management

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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16 pages, 1238 KB  
Article
Molecular Induction of Defense-Related Genes in Perennial Fruit Crops by Native Pseudomonas protegens Strains
by Braulio Ruiz, Mauricio Sanz, Yerko Lovera, Juan San Martin and Ernesto Moya-Elizondo
Agronomy 2026, 16(16), 1567; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16161567 - 15 Aug 2026
Viewed by 246
Abstract
Chile is a global leader in the fruit industry; however, the sector faces significant yield losses due to phytopathogens and an urgent need to reduce reliance on chemical fungicides. Induction of plant defenses and priming offer sustainable alternatives by activating the plant’s innate [...] Read more.
Chile is a global leader in the fruit industry; however, the sector faces significant yield losses due to phytopathogens and an urgent need to reduce reliance on chemical fungicides. Induction of plant defenses and priming offer sustainable alternatives by activating the plant’s innate immune system. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of native Pseudomonas protegens strains and their formulations to trigger plant defense responses in five agronomically important fruit crops: kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa), walnut (Juglans regia), cherry (Prunus avium), blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), and grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Under controlled conditions, a randomized block design was implemented with four treatments, including P. protegens strains and their formulations, as well as a chemical elicitor (acibenzolar-S-methyl) as a positive control. Foliar treatments were applied, and leaf tissues were sampled at 1 day, 7 days, and 14 days post-inoculation. Transcriptional responses were quantified via qPCR using the ΔΔCt method, targeting key defense-related genes, including pathogenesis-related proteins (pr1, pr2, pr3, pr5, pr10) and enzymes of the phenylpropanoid and signaling pathways (pal, chs, ppo, lox9, glc). This study provides a molecular framework for understanding how biological inducers modulate defense-related gene expression in perennial crops. The results highlight the potential of native bacteria to be integrated into sustainable integrated pest management programs, offering an alternative strategy to trigger defense-related transcriptional activation in fruit perennial crops. Full article
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18 pages, 7727 KB  
Article
Mapping Yield and Fusarium Wilt on Green Bean Combining Vegetation Indices in Different Management Zones
by Giancarlo Pagnani, Francesco Calzarano, Lisa Antonucci, Matteo Petito, Stefano Di Marco, Fabio Osti, Afsaneh Nematpour, Alfredo Lorenzo, Nausicaa Occhipinti, Fabio Stagnari and Michele Pisante
Agronomy 2025, 15(12), 2848; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122848 - 11 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 695
Abstract
Legumes are sensitive to soil heterogeneity and disease pressure, particularly from Fusarium oxysporum, which causes severe yield losses worldwide. This study examined the relationships between soil properties, disease incidence, and yield variability within management unit zones (MUZs) to support site-specific management strategies. [...] Read more.
Legumes are sensitive to soil heterogeneity and disease pressure, particularly from Fusarium oxysporum, which causes severe yield losses worldwide. This study examined the relationships between soil properties, disease incidence, and yield variability within management unit zones (MUZs) to support site-specific management strategies. Two field experiments were conducted in central Italy, in two different growing seasons, using synthetic images of bare soil and clusters to delineate MUZs. Soil samples were analyzed for texture, organic carbon, and nitrogen content, while disease incidence and severity were assessed in relation to symptoms on foliar, root, and hypocotyl tissues. Furthermore, pathogen isolations were carried out from the altered hypocotyl and root tissue. Vegetation indices, including NDVI and PRI derived from Sentinel-2 images, were integrated with field observations to map disease and yields spatially. The results highlighted the almost exclusive presence of F. oxysporum on the altered tissues. MUZ-3, characterized by lower organic carbon content and higher sand content, consistently exhibited the highest incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt. In contrast, MUZ-1, richer in clay and organic carbon, supported healthier plant growth and higher productivity. The integration of vegetation indices with field data proved effective in detecting spatial variability, allowing the delimitation of productivity zones and supporting precision farming strategies aimed at mitigating Fusarium-related yield losses. Full article
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