Effects of Nutritional Interventions in the Control of Musculoskeletal Pain: An Integrative Review
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Results of Nutritional Interventions
3.1.1. Specific Diets
3.1.2. Nutritional Intervention with Fruits
3.1.3. Nutritional Effects of the Use of Olive Oil, Omega-3, and Other Oils
3.1.4. Vitamin D and Other Food Supplements
3.1.5. Pain Assessment Instruments
4. Discussion
4.1. Specific Diets
4.2. Nutritional Interventions with Fruits
4.3. Effect of the Use of Olive Oil, Omega-3, and Other Oils
4.4. Vitamins and Other Food Supplements
4.5. Strong Points
4.6. Limitations
4.7. Future Recommendations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors/Year/ Country | Population | Type of Study | Follow-Up Period | Intervention | Outcomes Assessed | Pain Assessment Instrument Used | Main Results | Reduction of Pain |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slim et al. (2017) [10] Spain | n = 75 patients with fibromyalgia Age > 18 years | Randomized clinical trial | 24 weeks | Group 1: Gluten-free diet (n = 35) Group 2: Low-calorie diet (n = 40) | Pain | Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) | There was a slight reduction in pain that did not differ significantly between the two study groups (p = 0.982) | No |
McKellar et al. (2007) [43] United Kingdom | n = 130 women with rheumatoid arthritis Age: 30–70 years | Pilot study of dietary intervention | 6 weeks | Group 1: Mediterranean diet (n = 75) Group 2: Healthy control diet (n = 55) | Pain Stiffness Inflammatory marker: CRP and IL-6 | Global Pain Scale | Pain score was lower in group 1 (p = 0.011 and 0.049) than that in the control group, and morning stiffness (p = 0.041) was more predominantly observed in group 1 compared to the control group | Yes |
Sköldstam; Hagfors; Johansson (2003) [44] Sweden | n = 51 Age: 33–75 years | Randomized, parallel study | 13 weeks | Group1: Mediterranean diet (n = 26) Group 2: Control (regular diet) (n = 25) | Pain Swelling of the joints Stiffness | VAS | In group 1 there was an improvement in joint swelling (p = 0.001), and a reduction in pain (p = 0.006). | Yes |
Kaartinen et al. (2000) [45] Finland | N = 28 with fibromyalgia Age: 34–62 years | Non-randomized clinical trial | 13 weeks | Group 1: Vegan diet “living food”: uncooked foods, fruits, vegetables, mushrooms, nuts, seeds, legumes, and cereals (n = 18) Group 2: Control with omnivorous diet (n = 15) | Pain Stiffness | VAS | There was a reduction in pain observed on the visual analogue pain scale (p = 0.005) and joint stiffness (p = 0.001) in group 1. | Yes |
Authors/Year/ Country | Population | Type of Study | Follow-Up Period | Intervention | Outcomes Assessed | Pain Assessment Instrument Used | Main Results | Reduction of Pain |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Du et al. (2019) [8] United States | n = 63 adults with self-reported symptomatic osteoarthritis Age: 45–79 years | Randomized, double-blind | 17 weeks | Group 1: 40-g freeze-dried blueberry powder, in 20-g packs for daily consumption. Consumed twice a day (n = 27) Placebo group 2: Consumption of 40 g of “control” placebo powder daily, divided in 20-g packs, consumed twice a day (n = 22) | Pain Stiffness Inflammatory markers: Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-α, MMP-3, MMP-13, and MCP-1 | WOMAC questionnaire | There was a significant reduction of pain in the treatment group with blueberry (p < 0.05) There were no significant changes in the plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers in the treatment group (p > 0.05) | Yes |
Schell et al. (2017) [46] United States | n = 17 adults diagnosed with osteoarthritis of the knee Average age: 57 ± 7 years | Randomized, double-blind | 26 weeks | Group 1: 50 g of freeze-dried strawberry beverage consumed twice a day (n = a) Group 2: Placebo powder (n = a) | Pain Inflammatory markers: Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and MMP-3 and MMP-8 | ICOAP Pain Questionnaire | Significant reduction of pain (all p < 0.05) in group 1 A significant reduction in the biomarkers interleukin (IL) -6, IL-1β after treatment with strawberry versus control (all p < 0.05). | Yes |
Ghoochani et al. (2016) [47] Iran | n = 38 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee Age: 30–80 years | Randomized clinical trial | 6 weeks | Group 1: pomegranate juice intervention (n = 19). Consumption of 200 mL without added sugar Group 2 (control): Usual lifestyle (n = 19) | Pain Stiffness Inflammatory markers: MMP-1, MMP-13 | WOMAC questionnaire | Group 1 patients reported a significant reduction in stiffness (p = 0.00), but there was no reduction in pain scores in group 1 (p = 0.49) and group 2 (p = 0.13) There were significant differences between the two groups in relation to MMP-1 (p = 0.05) and MMP-13 (p = 0.02) | No |
Farid et al. (2010) [48] Iran | N = 33 adults with osteoarthritis of the knee Age: 25–65 years | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, with parallel group design | 8 weeks | Group 1: Passion fruit peel extract (n = 17) Group 2 (placebo): pills with inactive ingredients without therapeutic activity and identical appearance (n = 16) | Pain | WOMAC questionnaire | There was a significant reduction in physical function after 30 days and pain after 60 days in group 1 (p < 0.001) | Yes |
Authors/Year/ Country | Population | Type of Study | Follow-up Period | Intervention | Outcomes Assessed | Pain Assessment Instrument | Main Results | Reduction of Pain |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Essouiri J et al. (2017) [9] Morocco | n = 100 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee Average age: 58.24 ± 7.2 years | Randomized clinical trial | 8 weeks | Group 1: argan oil to be consumed each morning (30 mL per day) (n = 51) Group 2: no treatment (n = 49) | Pain | VAS and WOMAC questionnaire | More significant reductions in pain were found by the VAS (p = 0.02) and WOMAC questionnaire (p < 0.0001) in group 1 compared to group 2 | Yes |
Hill et al. (2016) [15] Australia | n = 202 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and pain Age: >40 years | Randomized clinical trial | 104 weeks | Group 1. High dose of fish oil (omega-3 fatty acids 15 mL/day) (n = 101) Group 2. Low dose of fish oil (omega-3 fatty acids and canola oil 1: 9, 0.45 g) 15 mL/day. (n = 101) | Pain | WOMAC questionnaire | There was a greater reduction in pain scores at 2 years of follow-up in group 2 compared with group 1 There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in a year of segment (p = 0.06) | Yes |
Peanpadungrat (2015) [16] Thailand | n = 75 adults with osteoarthritis Age: 40–75 years | Randomized clinical trial | 12 weeks | - Group 1. Without fish oil supplement (n = 25) - Group 2. Fish oil supplementation 1000 mg daily for 8 weeks (n = 25) - Group 3. Fish oil supplementation 2000 mg daily for 8 weeks (n = 25) | Pain Stiffness | WOMAC questionnaire | There was a significant reduction in pain and stiffness in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.0001) | Yes |
Bitler et al. (2007) [17] United States | n = 90 adults with osteoarthritis Age: 55–75 years | Double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial Consumption of 2 capsules twice per day (100 mg) | 8 weeks | Group 1: Olive oil capsules rich in polyphenols. (n = 43). Group 2: Placebo (n = 47). | Pain Inflammatory markers: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 | VAS | There was a significant reduction of pain in the treatment group (p = 0.05) | Yes |
Berbert et al. (2005) [13] Brazil | n = 43 patients Age: 20–73 years | Randomized clinical trial | 12 and 24 weeks | Group 1. Placebo (soybean oil) (n = 13) Group 2. Omega-3 fish oil (3 g/d) (n = 13) Group 3. Fish oil - omega-3 fatty acids (3 g/d) and 9.6mL of olive oil (n = 17) | Pain Inflammatory marker: CRP | VAS | A more statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the intensity of joint pain in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 was observed There was no statistically significant change in CRP | Yes |
Authors/Year/ Country | Population | Type of Study | Follow-Up Period | Intervention | Outcomes Assessed | Pain Assessment Instrument | Main Results | Reduction of Pain |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lugo et al. (2016) [49] United States | n = 190 adults with osteoarthritis of the knee Age: 40–75 years | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study | 25 weeks | Group 1: undenatured type II collagen (40 mg) (n = 53) Group 2. placebo (n = 54) | Pain Stiffness Physical function Inflammatory markers: CRP, IL-6, MMP-3 | WOMAC questionnaire | Significant reduction for all three WOMAC subscales in group 1: pain (p = 0.0003 vs. placebo), stiffness (p = 0.004 versus placebo), physical function (p = 0.007 vs. placebo) | Yes |
Solà et al. (2015) [50] Spain | n = 80 adults with osteoarthritis of the knee Average age: 42.52 ± 13.16 years | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study | 12 weeks | Group 1. skimmed yogurt (125 mL d (1)) supplemented with 80 mg d (−1) of the crest of the rooster “roostercombextract (RCE) rich in hyaluronicacid” (n = 40) Group 2. Placebo-yogurt (n = 40) | Pain | VAS | There were no significant differences between the groups for the inflammatory markers | No |
Gendelman et al. (2015) [51] Israel | n = 74 patients with musculoskeletal pain > 6 months Age: >18 years Follow-up period: 13 weeks | Randomized, double-blind and controlled study | 13 weeks | Group 1. 4000 IU of vitamin D3 orally (4 gel capsules of 1000 units) (n = 36) Group 2. Placebo (n = 38) Both: regular pain reliever for 3 months | Pain Inflammatory markers: CRP, IL-6, TNF-α | VAS | There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups in relation to pain (p = not reported) TNFa levels dropped by 54.3% (after 6 weeks, p < 0.026) in the group treated with vitamin D | Yes |
Schreuder et al. (2012) [52] Netherlands | n = 84 adults with musculoskeletal pain Age: 18–60 years | Randomized controlled study | 6 weeks | Group 1. Vitamin D (150,000 IU of vitamin D (3) orally) (n = 44) Group 2. Placebo (n = 40) | Pain | VAS | Group 1 had significantly lower pain reduction than the placebo group (p < 0.001) | Yes |
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Mendonça, C.R.; Noll, M.; Castro, M.C.R.; Silveira, E.A. Effects of Nutritional Interventions in the Control of Musculoskeletal Pain: An Integrative Review. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3075. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103075
Mendonça CR, Noll M, Castro MCR, Silveira EA. Effects of Nutritional Interventions in the Control of Musculoskeletal Pain: An Integrative Review. Nutrients. 2020; 12(10):3075. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103075
Chicago/Turabian StyleMendonça, Carolina Rodrigues, Matias Noll, Maria Clara Rezende Castro, and Erika Aparecida Silveira. 2020. "Effects of Nutritional Interventions in the Control of Musculoskeletal Pain: An Integrative Review" Nutrients 12, no. 10: 3075. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103075
APA StyleMendonça, C. R., Noll, M., Castro, M. C. R., & Silveira, E. A. (2020). Effects of Nutritional Interventions in the Control of Musculoskeletal Pain: An Integrative Review. Nutrients, 12(10), 3075. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103075