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9 pages, 2367 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effective Microorganism (EM) Technology for Lake Conservation and Water Quality Restoration

by Irnis Azura Zakarya, Nursyazarena Azwa Mazwin, Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar, Nur Adlina Mohd Hilmi and Muna’amirah Mohamad

Environ. Earth Sci. Proc. 2025, 33(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/eesp2025033001 - 11 Feb 2025

Viewed by 659

Abstract

Water quality is a crucial determinant in decision-making processes aimed at optimizing resource allocation across various industries. Pollutant impurities that hinder the sufficient supply of water have a deleterious impact on the quality and are damaging to living species, especially aquatic life. Various [...] Read more.

Water quality is a crucial determinant in decision-making processes aimed at optimizing resource allocation across various industries. Pollutant impurities that hinder the sufficient supply of water have a deleterious impact on the quality and are damaging to living species, especially aquatic life. Various chemical and biological treatments are used to reduce water pollution levels. A technology involving a mixture of anaerobic and aerobic beneficial microbes is becoming popular for its eco-friendly characteristics. Effective Microorganism (EM) technology utilizes naturally existing microorganisms that can purify and restore the environment. The study investigated the application of Effective Microorganism-Activated Solution (EMAS), TeMo Decomposer (TeMo), and Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) to enhance water quality. Additionally, microbial testing will be carried out to identify bacteria present in each EM. EM-based rehabilitation of polluted and degraded water bodies significantly contributes to the restoration of aquatic habitats and ecosystems. This study aimed to assess the water quality at Tasik Alumni, Kampus Pauh, Perlis, Malaysia. Four sampling points in Tasik Alumni were chosen to reflect the water quality status of the lake. The sampling was conducted once at four points locations in Tasik Alumni. Seven water quality measures, including pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH₃-N), total suspended solid (TSS), and turbidity, were analysed ex-situ and categorised according to Water Quality Index (WQI) and National Water Quality Standard (NWQS) classifications. The Tasik Alumni was categorised as mildly contaminated. The results clearly showed the efficiency of this technique in restoring and conserving water quality in a degraded or polluted lake. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 6th International Conference on Green Environmental Engineering and Technology (IConGEET 2024))

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7 pages, 2422 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Comparative Study Between Chloroquine Sulphate and Copper Sulfate in Aquaculture at Low Dosages

by György Deák, Abdulhusein Jawdhari, Elena Holban, Isabela Sadîca, George Cucu, Sorin Stegărescu, Grigore Gheorghe and Bodor Zsolt

Environ. Earth Sci. Proc. 2025, 33(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/eesp2025033002 - 13 Feb 2025

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Abstract

Aquaculture water was exposed to very low dosages of copper sulfate and chloroquine sulphate in order to observe their purgative effects at minimal concentrations, where both substances are commonly employed for their antimicrobial and antiparasitic properties in fish farming. It was observed that [...] Read more.

Aquaculture water was exposed to very low dosages of copper sulfate and chloroquine sulphate in order to observe their purgative effects at minimal concentrations, where both substances are commonly employed for their antimicrobial and antiparasitic properties in fish farming. It was observed that the well-known treatment using cooper sulphate is effective even at a low dosage, while the proposed novel treatment using chloroquine was not. The present study highlights the need of effective treatment while avoiding compromising medicine misusage which greatly leads to host resistance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 6th International Conference on Green Environmental Engineering and Technology (IConGEET 2024))

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9 pages, 1545 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Influence of Mechanochemical Synthesis Method on Photodegradability Characteristics of Hydroxyapatite/Zinc Oxide Composite

by Cristina Rodica Dumitrescu, Florina-Diana Gheorghe, Monica Matei, Larisa-Mădălina Ștefan and Elena Holban

Environ. Earth Sci. Proc. 2025, 33(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/eesp2025033003 - 18 Feb 2025

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Abstract

The ZnO/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite was prepared by attrition in a planetary mill from hydroxyapatite (HA) and ZnO nanopowders. The photocatalytic degradation of synthetic dye, methyl orange (MO), was evaluated under stirring and UV irradiations by measuring the spectroscopically UV-VIS absorbance of the solution in [...] Read more.

The ZnO/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite was prepared by attrition in a planetary mill from hydroxyapatite (HA) and ZnO nanopowders. The photocatalytic degradation of synthetic dye, methyl orange (MO), was evaluated under stirring and UV irradiations by measuring the spectroscopically UV-VIS absorbance of the solution in order to determine the remanent dye concentration. The samples CZH3 (75% ZnO) and CZH4 (25% ZnO) highlighted the best MO retention from aqueous solution by adsorption and photodegradation effects. The high absorbance of the proposed nanocomposites showed their potential to be used as photocatalysts for wastewater treatment to enable the retention of organic pollutants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 6th International Conference on Green Environmental Engineering and Technology (IConGEET 2024))

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11 pages, 918 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Ecological Impact of Invasive Fish Species on Species and Ichthyocenotic Associations in Freshwater Aquatic Ecosystems of Romania

by Nicolai Crăciun, Lucian-Dorin Hanganu, Isabela Sadîca, George Cucu, Sorin Stegărescu, Ionut-Petrache Gheorghe and Marius Raischi

Environ. Earth Sci. Proc. 2025, 33(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/eesp2025033004 - 18 Feb 2025

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Abstract

The authors provide a list of the alien fish species that have entered the Romanian ichthyofauna fauna and specify the year, place of signaling and the ecological impact of the respective species. Further on, the authors describe some behavioral aspects of the following [...] Read more.

The authors provide a list of the alien fish species that have entered the Romanian ichthyofauna fauna and specify the year, place of signaling and the ecological impact of the respective species. Further on, the authors describe some behavioral aspects of the following species: Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkin seed sunfish), Carassius auratus gibelio (silver crucian carp) and Pseudorasbora parva (topmouth gudgeon). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 6th International Conference on Green Environmental Engineering and Technology (IConGEET 2024))

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8 pages, 750 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Assessment of Moving Average (MA) Method for Rainfall Prediction in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

by Nur Ain Jamal, Norazian Mohamed Noor, Izzati Amani Mohd Jafri and Gurawan Jati Wibowo

Environ. Earth Sci. Proc. 2025, 33(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/eesp2025033005 - 6 Mar 2025

Viewed by 192

Abstract

This study investigated a time series model using a moving average (MA) for predicting rainfall trend in seven areas (Panggang, Gedangan, Kedung Keris, Ngawen, Wanagama, Tepus, and Playen) located in the Gunung Kidul Province, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A database with daily rainfall data covering [...] Read more.

This study investigated a time series model using a moving average (MA) for predicting rainfall trend in seven areas (Panggang, Gedangan, Kedung Keris, Ngawen, Wanagama, Tepus, and Playen) located in the Gunung Kidul Province, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A database with daily rainfall data covering the period of 2010–2019 obtained from the Central Statistical Body of Gunungkidul District (BPS), Indonesia, were analysed. In this study, the MA was developed using Microsoft Excel. Six performance indicators, including Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Index of Agreement (IA), were used to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of the time series model. The results specify that the MA is a reliable model, with the RMSE and IA values in the ranges of 10.7–18.3 and 0.80–0.85, respectively. Small error and high agreement rates between the observed and predicted values indicates that prediction using MA method has good potential to be used as one of the prediction tools for rainfall modelling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 6th International Conference on Green Environmental Engineering and Technology (IConGEET 2024))

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13 pages, 1624 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Granger Causality Analysis of Air Pollutants and Meteorological Parameters

by Wong Yee Ping, Zulkifli Abd Rais, Norazrin Ramli, Norazian Mohamed Noor, Ahmad Zia Ul-Saufie, Hazrul Abdul Hamid and Mohd Khairul Nizam Mahmad

Environ. Earth Sci. Proc. 2025, 33(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/eesp2025033006 - 6 Mar 2025

Viewed by 292

Abstract

This study investigated the relationships between air pollutants (PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, O₃, CO) and meteorological parameters (wind speed, relative humidity, ambient temperature) across urban, suburban, and industrial areas in Malaysia from 2017 to 2021. Using [...] Read more.

This study investigated the relationships between air pollutants (PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, O₃, CO) and meteorological parameters (wind speed, relative humidity, ambient temperature) across urban, suburban, and industrial areas in Malaysia from 2017 to 2021. Using data from six monitoring stations, this research employed descriptive analysis, trend analysis, and Granger causality testing to uncover complex interactions. The results revealed distinct patterns: suburban areas showed strong ambient temperature-ozone (p-value = 0.0063) and relative humidity–nitrogen dioxide relationships (p-value = 0.0411); industrial zones exhibited bidirectional causality between SO₂ and PM₁₀ and had a strong nitrogen dioxide–PM₁₀ relationship (p-value = 0.0292); urban areas exhibited complex multi-pollutant interactions. Notably, the 2020 Movement Control Order significantly improved air quality. This research provides crucial insights for targeted air quality management strategies, contributing to public health improvements and aligning with global sustainability goals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 6th International Conference on Green Environmental Engineering and Technology (IConGEET 2024))

19 pages, 6951 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Numerical Analysis of Debris Impact Forces and Its Environmental Repercussions Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

by Muhammad Khairi A. Wahab, Mohd Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol, Mohamad Aizat Abas and Norizham Abdul Razak

Environ. Earth Sci. Proc. 2025, 33(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/eesp2025033007 - 13 Mar 2025

Viewed by 197

Abstract

Debris flow is a destructive event occurring in elevated terrains, causing significant damage to the affected areas. It results in casualties and significant harm to the environment and society. Hence, a comprehensive evaluation is essential in order to prevent, mitigate, and increase knowledge [...] Read more.

Debris flow is a destructive event occurring in elevated terrains, causing significant damage to the affected areas. It results in casualties and significant harm to the environment and society. Hence, a comprehensive evaluation is essential in order to prevent, mitigate, and increase knowledge of the consequences of debris flows. This paper focuses on evaluating the impact of the deposition board. The methodology involved a simulation of two cases to demonstrate the debris flow based on the steepness of the flume slope at 25° angles with full and half openings at the gate. The limestone particles with a total volume of 1 × 10³ m³ acted as debris and were released with water from the tank to the deposition board with an area of 1 m². The force of particle distribution from the flume that hit the building block on the deposition board was determined. Based on the numerical results, the maximum force was about 55.2 N and 47.3 N for each fully open and half open gate, respectively. In actual situations, the maximum impact force (5520 N) can be 100 times greater compared to model values (55.2 N). Research indicates that pressures over 100 kPa cause damage to reinforced concrete structures. Debris flow can pose a substantial risk to the impacted area in real-life scenarios. This study is valuable for conducting risk assessments, creating guidelines, and reducing the likelihood of debris flows in high-risk areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 6th International Conference on Green Environmental Engineering and Technology (IConGEET 2024))

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14 pages, 4772 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Preserving Tradition, Protecting the Environment: The Potential of Water Cadastre Systems to Mitigate the Effects of Batik Production on Groundwater and Subsidence in Pekalongan

by Alfita Puspa Handayani, Heri Andreas and Dhota Pradipta

Environ. Earth Sci. Proc. 2025, 33(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/eesp2025033008 - 27 Mar 2025

Viewed by 187

Abstract

Batik, a traditional Indonesian textile art, significantly contributes to Pekalongan’s economy but has severe environmental impacts. The production process depletes groundwater and causes land subsidence. This study evaluates the potential of a water cadastre system to address these issues while preserving cultural heritage. [...] Read more.

Batik, a traditional Indonesian textile art, significantly contributes to Pekalongan’s economy but has severe environmental impacts. The production process depletes groundwater and causes land subsidence. This study evaluates the potential of a water cadastre system to address these issues while preserving cultural heritage. By analysing batik production data, groundwater extraction, and subsidence trends via satellite imagery and field surveys, the research reveals a marked decline in groundwater levels and increased subsidence. The findings underscore the need for integrated water management to protect Pekalongan’s environment and cultural legacy, with a water cadastre system offering a possible solution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 6th International Conference on Green Environmental Engineering and Technology (IConGEET 2024))

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