Municipal Solid Waste Collection and Coverage Rates in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Description of Study Areas
2.1. Accra and Kumasi
2.2. Abuja and Lagos
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Methodology for Meta-Analysis
3.2. Selection Criteria for Included Studies in the Meta-Analysis
3.3. Data Extraction for Meta-Analysis
3.4. Effect Size and Summary Effect
3.5. Heterogeneity and Sub-Group Analysis
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. MSW Generation, Composition, and Collection in SSA
4.2. Generation, Composition, and Collection of MSW in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana
4.2.1. Accra Metropolis
4.2.2. Kumasi Metropolis
4.3. Generation, Composition, and Collection of MSW in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria
4.3.1. Abuja
4.3.2. Lagos
4.4. Methods of MSW Collection in Ghana and Nigeria
4.4.1. Ghana
4.4.2. Nigeria
4.5. Private Sector Involvement in MSW Collection—Ghana and Nigeria
4.5.1. MSW Storage Receptacles—Ghana and Nigeria
4.5.2. MSW Waste Collection Vehicles in Ghana and Nigeria
4.6. Waste Collection in the Context of a Circular Economy (CE)
Informal Efforts towards a Circular Economy—Ghana and Nigeria
4.7. Result of the Meta-Analysis
4.7.1. Waste Collection Rate
4.7.2. Waste Collection Coverage Rate
5. Conclusions and Recommendations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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References | Collection Rate | Standard Error | Year of Data Collection | City | Population of City at the Time of Data Collection | Country |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[35,36] | 0.384 | 0.03303 | 2013 | Abuja | 2,168,000 | Nigeria |
[1,37] | 0.1 | 0.0085 | 2015 | Lagos | 12,239,000 | Nigeria |
[37,38] | 0.277 | 0.0129 | 2014 | Lagos | 11,856,000 | Nigeria |
[1,39] | 0.83 | 0.0248 | 2015 | Accra | 2,290,000 | Ghana |
[39,40] | 0.93 | 0.185 | 2006 | Accra | 1,893,000 | Ghana |
[40,41] | 0.91 | 0.08 | 2006 | Kumasi | 1,628,000 | Ghana |
[42] | 0.799 | 0.0286 | 2005 | Accra | 1,960,797 | Ghana |
[42] | 0.799 | 0.0263 | 2010 | Accra | 2,317,583 | Ghana |
References | Collection Coverage | Standard Error | Year of Data Collection | City | Population of City at the Time of Data Collection | Country |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[43,44] | 0.4 | 0.0256 | 2009 | Dar es Salam | 3,659,000 | Tanzania |
[36,45] | 0.42 | 0.0315 | 2016 | Abuja | 2,442,000 | Nigeria |
[43,46] | 0.57 | 0.0366 | 2009 | Bamako | 1,825,000 | Mali |
[43,47] | 0.63 | 0.0376 | 2009 | Lusaka | 1,643,000 | Zambia |
[37,48] | 0.63 | 0.0131 | 2018 | Lagos | 13,463,000 | Nigeria |
[49] | 0.7 | 0.0401 | 2007 | Kumasi | 1,300,000 | Ghana |
[43,50] | 0.82 | 0.0366 | 2012 | Maputo | 1,098,000 | Mali |
[39,51] | 0.9 | 0.0992 | 2018 | Accra | 2,439,000 | Ghana |
[3] | 0.95 | 0.0065 | 2012 | Lagos | 11,127,000 | Ghana |
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Adedara, M.L.; Taiwo, R.; Bork, H.-R. Municipal Solid Waste Collection and Coverage Rates in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Waste 2023, 1, 389-413. https://doi.org/10.3390/waste1020024
Adedara ML, Taiwo R, Bork H-R. Municipal Solid Waste Collection and Coverage Rates in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Waste. 2023; 1(2):389-413. https://doi.org/10.3390/waste1020024
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdedara, Muyiwa Lawrence, Ridwan Taiwo, and Hans-Rudolf Bork. 2023. "Municipal Solid Waste Collection and Coverage Rates in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Waste 1, no. 2: 389-413. https://doi.org/10.3390/waste1020024
APA StyleAdedara, M. L., Taiwo, R., & Bork, H. -R. (2023). Municipal Solid Waste Collection and Coverage Rates in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Waste, 1(2), 389-413. https://doi.org/10.3390/waste1020024