Physical Sciences Forum, Volume 2, Issue 1

We consider the Dirac equation and Maxwell’s electrodynamics in $ℝ\times S^3$ spacetime, where a three-dimensional sphere is the Hopf bundle $S^3\to S^2$. The method of nonperturbative quantization of interacting Dirac and Maxwell fields is suggested. The correspond...

Gravity variation effects on plants provide definite changes. Normal Earth gravity (1G) and microgravity (µg) are possible variations for experimental purposes. On-board spaceflight microgravity experiments are rare and expensive, as the microgravity...

Over the years, efforts to unify gravity with other fundamental forces in nature has been an active field of research. Looking for the common origin of fundamental interactions, one may arrive at Kaluza–Klein type theories. Generalized Kaluza–Klein m...

The second order Glauber correlation of a simplified gravitational wave is investigated, using parameters from the first signal detected by LIGO. This simplified model spans the inspiral, merger, and ringdown phases of a black hole merger and was cre...

The existence of the effective Lambda-term is a commonly accepted paradigm of modern cosmology, but the physical essence of this quantity remains absolutely unknown, and its numerical values are drastically different in the early and modern universe....

This paper deals with the dynamics of cylindrical collapse with anisotropic matter configuration in the context of energy-momentum squared gravity. This covariant generalization of general relativity allows the presence of T_abT^ab in the action of f...

The standard ΛCDM model is reasonably successful in describing the universe, and is the most widely acceptable model in cosmology. However, there are several theoretical issues, such as the initial singularity, the cosmological constant problem, the...

Upcoming full-sky large-scale structure surveys such as Euclid can probe the primordial Universe. Using the specifications for the Euclid survey, we estimate the constraints on the inflation potential beyond slow-roll. We use mock Euclid and Planck d...

We discuss in a unified manner many existing signals in cosmological and astrophysical data that appear to be in some tension ($2\sigma$ or larger) with the standard $\Lambda$CDM as defined by the Planck18 parameter values. The well known tensions of $\Lambda$CDM include t...

We consider and prove the existence of stable, spherical, and thin fluid shells in the context of a Schwarzschild–Rindler-anti-de Sitter (SRAdS) background. We identify the metric parameter regions that allow the existence and stability of these shel...

An annual modulation in the interaction rate of galactic dark matter particles is foreseen due to Earth’s movement around the Sun; the DAMA/LIBRA observation of a modulation signal compatible with expectations has intrigued the community for twenty y...

The “Moon Mapping” project is a collaboration between the Italian and Chinese Governments allowing cooperation and exchange from students from both countries. Main aim of the project is to analyze remotely sensed data collected by the Chinese space m...

This work is devoted to the study of the asymptotics of the gravitational field of primary particles with nonzero rest mass. These particles are structurally composed of two closed “null strings” (thin closed tubes of a massless scalar field) in the...

In a recent paper, we have a shown that the flattening of galactic rotation curves can be explained by retardation. However, this relies on a temporal change of galactic mass. In our previous work, we kept only second order terms of the retardation t...

Modern science curricula contain the foundations and scaffolding to allow the syllabus to include modern physics concepts that are not normally taught. The Big Bang can be refined to include how gravitational waves are being used to determine Hubble’...

The modern, standard cosmological scenario, which reflects, to a large extent, the development of A. D. Sakharov’s legacy in cosmoparticle physics, involves inflation, baryosynthesis and dark matter/energy. The physics of all these elements of the co...

We report on an ongoing project aimed to teach particle physics in primary schools. The project is based on the original format by C. Lazzeroni and M. Pavlidou at the University of Birmingham, UK. The Italian version of the project emphasizes the fol...

The puzzle of direct dark matter searches can b solved in the model of an OHe dark atom, which consists of a stable $O^{--}$ lepton core and a nuclear interacting (alpha particle) shell of a primordial helium nuclei. In this model, positive results of the...

Two Geogebra-based interactive applications to teach the Special Relativity Energy-Mass-Momentum relation are presented. They are useful tools to visualise the mathematical relation from a geometrical perspective, thus helping students facing calculu...

The need to transform scientific knowledge to materials suitable for teaching school students is a constant challenge for the educational community. Although it has been more than a century since quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity were es...

The merger of a binary neutron star (BNS) system can lead to different final states depending on the total mass of the binary system and the equation of state (EOS). One of the possible outcomes of the merger is a long-lived (lifetime > 10 ms), co...

The recent Planck Legacy 2018 release confirmed the existence of an enhanced lensing amplitude in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectra. Notably, this amplitude is higher than that estimated by the lambda cold dark matter model, which p...

Mixing transformations in QFT are non-trivial, since they are connected with the issue of the unitary inequivalence between Fock space for definite flavor fields and Fock space for definite mass fields. This poses the problem of selecting the right (...

Scalar field models are known for their dynamic nature, i.e., dynamic equations of state parameters to explain the late-time cosmic acceleration of the universe. The quintessence canonical scalar field with a potential is one such field which has bee...

Scalar-tensor theories of gravity provide an intriguing and compelling approach to the dark energy problem. They have received increased attention in recent years thanks to a wealth of developments both in the theoretical and experimental sides. The...

Monopole solutions in SU(2) Yang–Mills theory, which interact with massive nonlinear spinor fields, described by the nonlinear Dirac equation, are obtained. These solutions describe a magnetic monopole created by a spherical lump of nonlinear spinor...

Gravity formulated as a classical gauge theory is based on the Mach principle in terms of curvature scalar R by A. Einstein. The original idea of Einstein limits the gravity to act as a curvature in spacetime. However, there exist other possible clas...

The Clementine Gnomon was built in 1700–1702 by the astronomer Francesco Bianchini, upon the will of Pope Clement XI. This meridian line is located in the Basilica of santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri in Rome, and it is visited by thousands of s...

A new experiment in the field of gravitation, SaToR-G, is presented. The experiment aims to compare the predictions of different theories of gravitation in the limit of weak field and slow motion. The ultimate goal of the experiment is to look for po...

We present a $\mathcal{N}=2$ supergravity model that interpolates between all the single dilaton truncations of the gauged $\mathrm{SO}\left(8\right)$, $\mathcal{N}=8$ supergravity. We provide new explicit non-extremal charged black hole solutions and their supersymmetric limits, exploiting the...

De Sitter solutions play an important role in cosmology because the knowledge of unstable de Sitter solutions can be useful in describing inflation, whereas stable de Sitter solutions are often used in models of the late-time acceleration of the Univ...

We study the growth of linear matter density perturbations in a modified gravity approach of scalar field couplings with metric and torsion. In the equivalent scalar-tensor formulation, the matter fields in the Einstein frame interact as usual with a...

According to the Cosmological Principle, the Universe should appear isotropic, without any preferred directions, to a comoving observer. However, a peculiar motion of the observer, or equivalently of the solar system, might introduce a dipole anisotr...

At school and university, gravity is taught essentially in the Newtonian way. Newtonian mechanics originated at a time when there were no fields, when energy did not exist as a physical quantity, and when one still had to be satisfied with the concep...

It has been shown beyond reasonable doubt that the majority (about 95%) of the total energy budget of the universe is given by dark components, namely Dark Matter and Dark Energy. What constitutes these components remains to be satisfactorily underst...

Direct detection of gravitational waves was for a long time the holy grail of observational astronomy. The situation changed in 2015 with the first registration of a gravitational wave signal (GW150914) by laboratory interferometers on Earth. Now, su...

For four or five decades, science educators, including physics educators, have benefited from the work of Piaget and neo-Piagetians. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development argues that children move through four different stages of mental developmen...

It is shown, that $(4+1)$—and $(3+1+1)$—reductions of the geodetic equations in 5D theory with scalar field $\phi =\sqrt{-G_{55}}$ and out of the 5D optics inevitably lead to the new concept of the Lorentz-type relativistic mass ${\hat{m}}_0$ of the 5D test particle. Due to the i...

Teaching and learning QM at high school as well as the undergraduate level is a highly non-trivial task. Indeed, major changes are required in understanding the new physical reality, and students have to deal with counterintuitive concepts such as un...

Evidence of dark matter (DM) comes from long-range gravitational observations, where it is understood to not interact with ordinary matter. However, on a much smaller scale, a number of unexpected phenomena contradict this idea of DM. This is because...

The understanding the thermodynamic behavior of black holes using the concepts of chemistry will be discussed here. To establish the complete correspondence between the thermodynamics of an ordinary system and the thermodynamics of black holes, recen...

Cosmic Rays (CRs) are powerful tools for the investigation of the structure of the magnetic fields in the galactic halo and the properties of the Inter-Stellar Medium. There are two parameters of CR propagation models: The galactic halo (half-) thick...

Over the past couple of decades, researchers have predicted more than a dozen super-Chandrasekhar white dwarfs from the detections of over-luminous type Ia supernovae. It turns out that magnetic fields and rotation can explain such massive white dwar...

We have developed a quantum field theory of spinors based on the algebra of canonical anticommutation relations (CAR algebra). The proposed approach is based on the use of Grassmann densities in the momentum space and their derivatives with respect t...

Dark Energy, a form of repulsive gravity, is causing an accelerated expansion of the Universe. Recent astrophysical measurements have confirmed this accelerated expansion where the ΛCDM model provides a quantitative description of this expansion rate...

Special relativity is a fundamental tool for the analysis of collision events in particle physics. This provides the opportunity to create educational environments in which interactions between theory and experimental data occur, an opportunity whose...

Killing vector fields can be used as gauge vector potentials since the associated electromagnetic field tensor automatically satisfies the source-free Maxwell’s equations in vacuum spacetimes. This fact enabled Wald to find the form of the electromag...

Since the concept of Dark Energy (i.e., effective Lambda-term in the GR equations) became a commonly accepted paradigm in cosmology, numerous authors have analyzed its effects on the dynamics of celestial bodies. However, such calculations were usual...

The mechanisms of baryosynthesis, which involve the three Sakharov’s conditions, admit a possibility of nonhomogeneous generation of baryon excess. It may take place in the case of spatial variation of CP violating phase or of the baryon generating f...

We formulate a didactic proposal for introducing some fundamental concepts of quantum physics to advanced high school students, and to their teachers. The inspiration comes from some of the fundamental papers about the subject by Albert Einstein, in...