Physical Sciences Forum, Volume 2, Issue 1

We consider the Dirac equation and Maxwell’s electrodynamics in $ℝ\times S^3$ spacetime, where a three-dimensional sphere is the Hopf bundle $S^3\to S^2$. The method of nonperturbative quantization of interacting Dirac and Maxwell fields is suggested. The correspond...

Gravity variation effects on plants provide definite changes. Normal Earth gravity (1G) and microgravity (µg) are possible variations for experimental purposes. On-board spaceflight microgravity experiments are rare and expensive, as the microgravity...

Over the years, efforts to unify gravity with other fundamental forces in nature has been an active field of research. Looking for the common origin of fundamental interactions, one may arrive at Kaluza–Klein type theories. Generalized Kaluza–Klein m...

The second order Glauber correlation of a simplified gravitational wave is investigated, using parameters from the first signal detected by LIGO. This simplified model spans the inspiral, merger, and ringdown phases of a black hole merger and was cre...

The existence of the effective Lambda-term is a commonly accepted paradigm of modern cosmology, but the physical essence of this quantity remains absolutely unknown, and its numerical values are drastically different in the early and modern universe....

This paper deals with the dynamics of cylindrical collapse with anisotropic matter configuration in the context of energy-momentum squared gravity. This covariant generalization of general relativity allows the presence of T_abT^ab in the action of f...

The standard ΛCDM model is reasonably successful in describing the universe, and is the most widely acceptable model in cosmology. However, there are several theoretical issues, such as the initial singularity, the cosmological constant problem, the...

Upcoming full-sky large-scale structure surveys such as Euclid can probe the primordial Universe. Using the specifications for the Euclid survey, we estimate the constraints on the inflation potential beyond slow-roll. We use mock Euclid and Planck d...

We discuss in a unified manner many existing signals in cosmological and astrophysical data that appear to be in some tension ($2\sigma$ or larger) with the standard $\Lambda$CDM as defined by the Planck18 parameter values. The well known tensions of $\Lambda$CDM include t...

We consider and prove the existence of stable, spherical, and thin fluid shells in the context of a Schwarzschild–Rindler-anti-de Sitter (SRAdS) background. We identify the metric parameter regions that allow the existence and stability of these shel...

An annual modulation in the interaction rate of galactic dark matter particles is foreseen due to Earth’s movement around the Sun; the DAMA/LIBRA observation of a modulation signal compatible with expectations has intrigued the community for twenty y...

The “Moon Mapping” project is a collaboration between the Italian and Chinese Governments allowing cooperation and exchange from students from both countries. Main aim of the project is to analyze remotely sensed data collected by the Chinese space m...

This work is devoted to the study of the asymptotics of the gravitational field of primary particles with nonzero rest mass. These particles are structurally composed of two closed “null strings” (thin closed tubes of a massless scalar field) in the...

In a recent paper, we have a shown that the flattening of galactic rotation curves can be explained by retardation. However, this relies on a temporal change of galactic mass. In our previous work, we kept only second order terms of the retardation t...

Evidence of dark matter (DM) comes from long-range gravitational observations, where it is understood to not interact with ordinary matter. However, on a much smaller scale, a number of unexpected phenomena contradict this idea of DM. This is because...

The understanding the thermodynamic behavior of black holes using the concepts of chemistry will be discussed here. To establish the complete correspondence between the thermodynamics of an ordinary system and the thermodynamics of black holes, recen...

Cosmic Rays (CRs) are powerful tools for the investigation of the structure of the magnetic fields in the galactic halo and the properties of the Inter-Stellar Medium. There are two parameters of CR propagation models: The galactic halo (half-) thick...

Over the past couple of decades, researchers have predicted more than a dozen super-Chandrasekhar white dwarfs from the detections of over-luminous type Ia supernovae. It turns out that magnetic fields and rotation can explain such massive white dwar...

We have developed a quantum field theory of spinors based on the algebra of canonical anticommutation relations (CAR algebra). The proposed approach is based on the use of Grassmann densities in the momentum space and their derivatives with respect t...

Scalar-tensor theories of gravity provide an intriguing and compelling approach to the dark energy problem. They have received increased attention in recent years thanks to a wealth of developments both in the theoretical and experimental sides. The...

Modern science curricula contain the foundations and scaffolding to allow the syllabus to include modern physics concepts that are not normally taught. The Big Bang can be refined to include how gravitational waves are being used to determine Hubble’...

The merger of a binary neutron star (BNS) system can lead to different final states depending on the total mass of the binary system and the equation of state (EOS). One of the possible outcomes of the merger is a long-lived (lifetime > 10 ms), co...

The recent Planck Legacy 2018 release confirmed the existence of an enhanced lensing amplitude in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectra. Notably, this amplitude is higher than that estimated by the lambda cold dark matter model, which p...

Dark Energy, a form of repulsive gravity, is causing an accelerated expansion of the Universe. Recent astrophysical measurements have confirmed this accelerated expansion where the ΛCDM model provides a quantitative description of this expansion rate...

Special relativity is a fundamental tool for the analysis of collision events in particle physics. This provides the opportunity to create educational environments in which interactions between theory and experimental data occur, an opportunity whose...

We report on an ongoing project aimed to teach particle physics in primary schools. The project is based on the original format by C. Lazzeroni and M. Pavlidou at the University of Birmingham, UK. The Italian version of the project emphasizes the fol...

The puzzle of direct dark matter searches can b solved in the model of an OHe dark atom, which consists of a stable $O^{--}$ lepton core and a nuclear interacting (alpha particle) shell of a primordial helium nuclei. In this model, positive results of the...

Two Geogebra-based interactive applications to teach the Special Relativity Energy-Mass-Momentum relation are presented. They are useful tools to visualise the mathematical relation from a geometrical perspective, thus helping students facing calculu...

The need to transform scientific knowledge to materials suitable for teaching school students is a constant challenge for the educational community. Although it has been more than a century since quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity were es...

It is shown, that $(4+1)$—and $(3+1+1)$—reductions of the geodetic equations in 5D theory with scalar field $\phi =\sqrt{-G_{55}}$ and out of the 5D optics inevitably lead to the new concept of the Lorentz-type relativistic mass ${\hat{m}}_0$ of the 5D test particle. Due to the i...

Teaching and learning QM at high school as well as the undergraduate level is a highly non-trivial task. Indeed, major changes are required in understanding the new physical reality, and students have to deal with counterintuitive concepts such as un...

Killing vector fields can be used as gauge vector potentials since the associated electromagnetic field tensor automatically satisfies the source-free Maxwell’s equations in vacuum spacetimes. This fact enabled Wald to find the form of the electromag...

Since the concept of Dark Energy (i.e., effective Lambda-term in the GR equations) became a commonly accepted paradigm in cosmology, numerous authors have analyzed its effects on the dynamics of celestial bodies. However, such calculations were usual...

The mechanisms of baryosynthesis, which involve the three Sakharov’s conditions, admit a possibility of nonhomogeneous generation of baryon excess. It may take place in the case of spatial variation of CP violating phase or of the baryon generating f...

We formulate a didactic proposal for introducing some fundamental concepts of quantum physics to advanced high school students, and to their teachers. The inspiration comes from some of the fundamental papers about the subject by Albert Einstein, in...

In this paper, we introduce a framework to study the tidal deformation of relativistic anisotropic compact stars. Anisotropic stresses are ubiquitous in nature and widely used in modelling compact stellar objects. Tidal deformability of astrophysical...

Searching for possible indicators of spatial topology of the Universe in the Cosmic Microwave Background data, one recognizes a quite promising interpretation which suggests that the shape of the space manifests itself in the form of anomalies in the...

Astrophysical accretion processes near the black hole candidates, such as active galactic nuclei (AGN), X-ray binary (XRB), and other astrophysical sources, are associated with high-energetic emission of radiation of relativistic particles and outflo...

Candidate theories of quantum gravity predict the presence of a minimal measurable length at high energies. Such feature is in contrast with the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. Therefore, phenomenological approaches to quantum gravity introduced mo...

Teaching quantum physics to K12 students and the general public represents an inevitable must, while quantum technologies revolutionize our lives. Quantum literacy is a formidable challenge and an extraordinary opportunity for a massive cultural upli...

We propose a simple geometrical mechanism for the flattening of galactic rotation curves at large distances, the local compression of field lines around their planes induced either by the presence of thin string-like objects at the centers of galaxie...

I investigate the dynamics of galaxies in refracted gravity (RG), a novel theory of modified gravity which does not resort to dark matter (DM). The DM presence is mimicked by a gravitational permittivity, a monotonic increasing function of the local...

Earlier we constructed a model with exponential form potential and of Gauss–Bonnet interaction. This model can be considered as an appropriate inflationary scenario. In this model, the attractor inflationary parameters correspond to ones from the cos...

Although the present universe is believed to be homogeneous and isotropic on large scales, there is some evidence of some anisotropy at early times. Hence, there is interest in the Bianchi models, which are homogeneous but anisotropic. In this presen...

We show some recent cutting-edge results associated with the Casimir effect. Specifically, we focused our attention on the remarkable sensitivity of the Casimir effect to new physics phenomenology. Such an awareness can be readily discerned by virtue...

This paper aims to investigate the existence and properties of anisotropic quark stars in the context of the self-interacting Brans–Dicke theory. In this theory, the gravitational constant in general relativity is replaced by a dynamical massive scal...

The effect of the electroweak sphaleron transition in balance between baryon excess and and the excess of stable quarks of 4th generation is studied in this paper. Considering the non-violation of $SU\left(2\right)$ symmetry and the conservation of electroweak an...

Mixing transformations in QFT are non-trivial, since they are connected with the issue of the unitary inequivalence between Fock space for definite flavor fields and Fock space for definite mass fields. This poses the problem of selecting the right (...

Scalar field models are known for their dynamic nature, i.e., dynamic equations of state parameters to explain the late-time cosmic acceleration of the universe. The quintessence canonical scalar field with a potential is one such field which has bee...

The modern, standard cosmological scenario, which reflects, to a large extent, the development of A. D. Sakharov’s legacy in cosmoparticle physics, involves inflation, baryosynthesis and dark matter/energy. The physics of all these elements of the co...