Future Pharmacology, Volume 4, Issue 2

Among nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ibuprofen, diclofenac, and celecoxib have been frequently used in multimodal analgesia. Recent studies challenge the conventional theory that they exhibit activity and toxicity by acting on cyclooxygenase s...

Diarrhea remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, especially among children. Accumulated evidence has shown that Shigella species are the most prevalent bacteria responsible for diarrhea in developing countries. Antimicrobial therapy...

Progressive loss of retinal ganglionic cells (RGC) causes degeneration of optic nerve axons, which leads to blindness in glaucoma. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most important, treatable risk factor. Currently, the management of glaucoma...

As microbes develop resistance to various drugs, the treatment of infections becomes increasingly challenging, leading to prolonged illness, heightened severity of infections, elevated mortality rates, and increased healthcare costs. Essential oils a...

Neurodegenerative disorders entail a progressive loss of neurons in cerebral and peripheral tissues, coupled with the aggregation of proteins exhibiting altered physicochemical properties. Crucial to these conditions is the gradual degradation of the...

The impact of visual impairment, such as blindness, on quality of life is immeasurable. However, effective ocular drug delivery into the eyes has not yet been established, primarily due to the impermeability imposed by the blood–retinal barrier...

Pregnancy is associated with various physiological changes that can significantly impact the disposition of drugs. To further the insight into how pregnancy affects the pharmacokinetics of drugs at different stages, clinical studies can be simulated...