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Encyclopedia, Volume 1, Issue 4

December 2021 - 24 articles

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Articles (24)

  • Entry
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,102 Views
7 Pages

COVID-19 and Fake News

  • Javier Bustos Díaz and
  • Ruben Nicolas-Sans

5 November 2021

COVID-19 can be defined as a global pandemic caused by a coronavirus that first surfaced in 2019. Fake news refers to false reports that can be found in digital media. The combination of these two concepts creates an especially mismanaged situation t...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
24 Citations
13,126 Views
23 Pages

2 November 2021

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are biotrophic symbionts forming close relationships with an estimated 80% of terrestrial plants suitable as their host. Via an established AM fungal–host relationship, soil-bound nutrients are made available to the...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
127 Citations
119,061 Views
31 Pages

Natural Disasters—Origins, Impacts, Management

  • Muhammad T. Chaudhary and
  • Awais Piracha

30 October 2021

Natural hazards are processes that serve as triggers for natural disasters. Natural hazards can be classified into six categories. Geophysical or geological hazards relate to movement in solid earth. Their examples include earthquakes and volcanic ac...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,449 Views
17 Pages

Asexual Epichloë Fungi—Obligate Mutualists

  • John R. Caradus,
  • Stuart D. Card,
  • Katrin G. Hewitt,
  • David E. Hume and
  • Linda J. Johnson

27 October 2021

Asexual Epichloë are obligate fungal mutualists that form symbiosis with many temperate grass species, providing several advantages to the host. These advantages include protection against vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores (i.e., grazing livesto...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,600 Views
18 Pages

Sheet Barrier and Intubating Stylet

  • Phil B. Tsai and
  • Hsiang-Ning Luk

25 October 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2, can be transmitted through respiratory droplets and aerosols of droplet nuclei. Aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP) are needed to take care of critically ill p...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,544 Views
8 Pages

Silicon Micro-Strip Detectors

  • Gregorio Landi and
  • Giovanni E. Landi

25 October 2021

Silicon micro-strip detectors are fundamental tools for the high energy physics. Each detector is formed by a large set of parallel narrow strips of special surface treatments (diode junctions) on a slab of very high quality silicon crystals. Their d...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
11 Citations
7,955 Views
9 Pages

COVID-19 and Romantic Relationships

  • Octav-Sorin Candel and
  • Mihaela Jitaru

20 October 2021

Since the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted most people’s activities and relationships. Romantic relationships are a crucial source of fulfillment and emotional safety for many individuals. However, due to the risk of illnes...

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