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COVID, Volume 6, Issue 4

2026 April - 16 articles

Cover Story: This study explores the role of VDR gene polymorphisms in COVID-19 susceptibility among the Kurdish population. Fokl, Taql, and Apal polymorphisms showed significant associations with COVID-19 susceptibility. Additionally, the Fokl GG genotype increased the risk of infection (OR=9.00), while the AG genotype was protective against COVID-19. Moreover, the Taql TT genotype was more recurrent among patients and was associated with higher susceptibility (OR=36.0). Conversely, the Apal AA genotype reduced COVID-19 susceptibility (OR=0.15). Additionally, the Bsml polymorphism was monomorphic in both groups and therefore not informative. Overall, VDR genetic variation may influence individual susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in the Kurdish population. These findings highlight the importance of host genetics in COVID-19 outcomes; therefore, larger studies are needed to validate these associations. View this paper
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Articles (16)

  • Article
  • Open Access
866 Views
20 Pages

21 April 2026

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic increased stress experienced by children through individual-, family-, and community-level factors, with potential sex-specific impacts on behavioural outcomes. Children’s resilience may buffer these effects. T...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Public Health and Epidemiology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
956 Views
13 Pages

A Semi-Dynamic Model of COVID-19 Mortality in Peru Based on Aggregated Population Risk: Temporal Dynamics

  • Olga Valderrama-Rios,
  • Rosario Miraval-Contreras,
  • Noemí Zuta-Arriola,
  • Mercedes Ferrer-Mejía,
  • Vanessa Mancha-Alvares,
  • César Paredes-Román,
  • Haydee Paredes-Román,
  • María Porras-Roque,
  • Lourdes Luque-Ramos and
  • Evelyn Sánchez-Lévano
  • + 1 author

16 April 2026

This study evaluates the performance of a semi-dynamic negative binomial model with cubic spline smoothing to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of COVID-19 mortality in Peru, a setting marked by significant data inconsistency and reporting del...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Public Health and Epidemiology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
876 Views
12 Pages

Self-Reported Religious Affiliation and the Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in a Cohort of 609 Asymptomatic and Mildly Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-Positive Pregnant Women

  • Claudine J. Egol,
  • Katherine M. Piderman,
  • Harold G. Koenig,
  • Victor N. Nettey,
  • Matthew J. Van Ligten,
  • Mohamed Aly,
  • Shirshendu Sinha,
  • Terry D. Schneekloth and
  • Osama A. Abulseoud

16 April 2026

Background: Religious affiliation has traditionally served as a coping strategy during stressful events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Pregnant women faced heightened stress during the pandemic due to concerns about their health as well as that of th...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Public Health and Epidemiology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,142 Views
19 Pages

Risk and Protective Factors for Long COVID Incidence in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort from 2020 to 2023: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study

  • Salvador Domènech-Montoliu,
  • Óscar Pérez-Olaso,
  • Diego Sala-Trull,
  • Paloma Satorres-Martinez,
  • Laura López-Diago,
  • Isabel Aleixandre-Gorriz,
  • Maria Rosario Pac-Sa,
  • Manual Sánchez-Urbano,
  • Cristina Notari-Rodriguez and
  • Alberto Arnedo-Pena
  • + 6 authors

16 April 2026

Background and Objective: After SARS-CoV-2 infection, Long COVID (LC) syndrome has occurred in a high proportion of patients, affecting their health. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of LC, as well as its risk and protective factor...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Respiratory Viruses Research: From Basic Studies to Public Health)
  • Article
  • Open Access
810 Views
15 Pages

Association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 Null Genotypes with Disease Severity and Serum Cytokine Levels in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

  • Boban Stolić,
  • Nataša Katanić,
  • Bojan Joksimović,
  • Jelena Filimonović,
  • Ksenija Bojović,
  • Aleksandar Pavlović,
  • Jasmina Poluga,
  • Nikolina Elez-Burnjaković,
  • Biljana Mijović and
  • Marija Milić
  • + 7 authors

15 April 2026

Background: The clinical course of COVID-19 is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infection to critical illness with hyperinflammation and multiorgan failure. Oxidative stress plays a central role in COVID-19 pathogenesis, and genetic polymor...

(This article belongs to the Section Host Genetics and Susceptibility/Resistance)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,474 Views
15 Pages

Association of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Gene Polymorphisms with COVID-19 Susceptibility in the Kurdistan Region

  • Raya Kh. Yashooa,
  • Dara K. Mohammad,
  • Shawnim M. Maaruf,
  • Treska S. Hassan,
  • Azhin D. Aziz,
  • Wissam Albeer Nooh,
  • Ghoorbat A. Mustafa,
  • Sevan O. Majed,
  • Gaylany H. Abdullah and
  • Suhad A. Mustafa
  • + 1 author

12 April 2026

Coronavirus disease-2019 COVID-19 exhibits marked inter-individual variability in susceptibility and clinical outcomes, suggesting a role for host genetic factors. Vitamin D exerts immunomodulatory effects through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and ge...

(This article belongs to the Section Host Genetics and Susceptibility/Resistance)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,377 Views
10 Pages

Epidemiological Management of Preeclampsia–Eclampsia Cases in the Intensive Care Unit Before and During the Health Crisis

  • Miryam Lora-Loza,
  • Jean Neil Hernández Angulo,
  • José Elías Cabrejo Paredes,
  • Maribel Díaz Espinoza and
  • Jean Carlos Zapata Rojas

11 April 2026

Health crises hinder the provision of intensive care for critical obstetric conditions such as preeclampsia and eclampsia, where timely decision making and system capacity directly impact maternal and fetal outcomes. This study compared the clinical...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Public Health and Epidemiology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
866 Views
19 Pages

11 April 2026

The concurrent occurrence of COVID-19 and the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake resulted in a “compound disaster” in Japan. This retrospective study, spanning 11 years (2015–2025), examines the impact of these crises on trends in cardi...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Clinical Manifestations and Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,372 Views
18 Pages

College Student Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccination Attitudes and Uptake Behavior in the U.S.: Prevalence, Correlates, and Promoting Improvement

  • Robert R. Wright,
  • Macey Bunnell,
  • Given Chatelain,
  • Eve McCulloch,
  • Alexis L. Soelberg and
  • Devon Marrott

3 April 2026

For vaccine-preventable diseases, vaccination uptake is among the best public health behaviors to prevent infection, disease and death. However, public confidence in this behavior has waned in recent years alongside the twin respiratory threats of in...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Public Health and Epidemiology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
953 Views
12 Pages

3 April 2026

Previous studies have suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic exposed children to an increased risk of greater body weight accumulation; however, the evidence found is limited to examining relatively short periods in children from Asian, European, and N...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Public Health and Epidemiology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,188 Views
15 Pages

31 March 2026

Objective: Dental professionals are routinely exposed to infectious agents through contact with blood, saliva, and aerosols. This cross-sectional survey aimed to evaluate and compare knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported practices related to infect...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Public Health and Epidemiology)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1,254 Views
23 Pages

28 March 2026

COVID-19 is increasingly recognized as a multisystemic disease with significant neurocognitive consequences. However, its specific impact on spatial memory, a cognitive domain essential for daily navigation and functional independence, remains insuff...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Long COVID: Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Treatment, and Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
715 Views
12 Pages

28 March 2026

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased psychological distress globally. However, the independent psychological impact of prior COVID-19 infection remains heterogeneous, particularly in primary healthcare populations. Thi...

(This article belongs to the Section Long COVID and Post-Acute Sequelae)
  • Article
  • Open Access
834 Views
13 Pages

27 March 2026

The COVID-19 pandemic transformed healthcare education, increasing the shift to digital tools and establishing a hybrid curriculum blending online learning with traditional clinical practice. This study aims to understand how this shift impacts the e...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Public Health and Epidemiology)
  • Case Report
  • Open Access
1,661 Views
18 Pages

Neurological Aspects of COVID-19, Post-Acute-COVID and Post-COVID Syndromes: A Case Series of Single-Center Experiences

  • Stanisław Słyk,
  • Jan Kochanowski,
  • Michał Białobrzewski,
  • Katarzyna Stopińska,
  • Viktor Lipko,
  • Patryk Sochań,
  • Joanna Cegielska and
  • Izabela Domitrz

27 March 2026

The neuroinvasive and neurotropic character of coronaviruses is a likely reason for neurological complications which may occur during acute COVID illness and sometimes persist or newly emerge in the post-acute phase. Terminology and temporal classifi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Neuropathology in the Post-COVID-19 Era)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,446 Views
14 Pages

26 March 2026

Objectives: While the previous literature has established that meteorological conditions are associated with COVID-19 mortality fluctuations, the relative effect of each of these highly correlated factors remains unclear. This study aims to conduct a...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Clinical Manifestations and Management)
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COVID - ISSN 2673-8112