Exploring Neuropathology in the Post-COVID-19 Era

A special issue of COVID (ISSN 2673-8112). This special issue belongs to the section "Long COVID and Post-Acute Sequelae".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 1668

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
Interests: brain aging; neurodegenerative diseases; intracellular signaling; cell death and autophagy; estrogens against SARS-CoV-2

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The COVID-19 pandemic strongly affected post-millennium society, changing the way that science and therapies must be developed for newly emerging global human infections, considering unprecedently faster multiprofessional efforts, and looking quickly to unknown long-term systemic sequalae. Some clinical symptoms have been extensively explored, such as lung and general inflammation, as have cardiovascular and kidney diseases, tiredness, myopathy, etc. These include memory and concentration problems, as part of neuropathological impairments, which are an open field for research. Neurological issues, especially chronic degenerative processes, have not yet been clarified, and the development of neuroprotection agents is also required. Risk factors associated with neuropathology have to be established, as was demonstrated for other viruses that affect the central nervous system, such as herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, etc. In fact, we could also ask the following question: are COVID-19 neuropathologies a primary or secondary consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection? Additionally, the role of neurodegeneration biomarkers in the context of COVID-19 is crucial, as many of these biomarkers have been found to be elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients suffering from long COVID. Furthermore, inflammatory pathways are known to be dysregulated in neurodegeneration, highlighting the importance of understanding the relationship between inflammation and COVID-19. Lastly, the host genome plays a significant role in neuroinflammation, which may influence the neurological outcomes observed in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, this Special Issue seeks to gather groundbreaking discoveries and state-of-the-art reviews about the neuropathological consequences associated with COVID-19.

Dr. Rodrigo Portes Ureshino
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • COVID-19 neuropathology
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • cognitive and movement impairments
  • metabolic–neurological axis sequelae
  • neuroendocrinology
  • COVID-19-related neurological effects
  • depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric disorders
  • neurodegeneration biomarkers and COVID-19
  • inflammation and COVID-19
  • host genome and neuroinflammation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Editorial

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5 pages, 208 KiB  
Editorial
Post-COVID-19 Neuropathology and Perspectives of Protective Roles of Estrogens
by Rodrigo Portes Ureshino, Roberta Sessa Stilhano, Carla Máximo Prado and Louise Newson
COVID 2025, 5(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/covid5010009 - 9 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1011
Abstract
Epidemiological data revealed that COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is more prevalent and lethal among the elderly population [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Neuropathology in the Post-COVID-19 Era)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

9 pages, 217 KiB  
Article
Prospective Follow-Up of Neurological Findings and Recovery Tımes in COVID-19 Patients
by Mirkan Bulğak and Tuna Demirdal
COVID 2025, 5(2), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/covid5020019 - 8 Feb 2025
Viewed by 492
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the type, frequency, onset, and recovery duration of neurological symptoms caused by COVID-19, including newly emerging post-COVID-19 neurological findings, to contribute to improved prognosis and follow-up strategies. A total of 110 COVID-19 patients hospitalized with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate the type, frequency, onset, and recovery duration of neurological symptoms caused by COVID-19, including newly emerging post-COVID-19 neurological findings, to contribute to improved prognosis and follow-up strategies. A total of 110 COVID-19 patients hospitalized with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests (24 December 2021–10 March 2022) were prospectively assessed. Neurological symptoms during hospitalization and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-discharge were documented, with all findings confirmed by a neurologist. The time of symptom onset was recorded for each patient. Fatigue (75.5%) was the most common symptom, lasting 10.43 weeks on average, followed by myalgia (57.3%, 4.29 weeks) and headache (56.4%, 3.35 weeks). Forgetfulness persisted the longest (22.03 weeks). Headache and myalgia were more frequent in women, while symptoms like dizziness, insomnia, and nausea/vomiting were more common in patients aged ≤50. No significant differences in symptom duration were observed based on age or gender. Neurological symptoms, such as fatigue, headache, myalgia, and forgetfulness, were prevalent in both the acute and post-COVID-19 phases. The study underscores the importance of systematic neurological monitoring and the development of individualized follow-up strategies to manage long-term neurological effects and improve patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Neuropathology in the Post-COVID-19 Era)
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