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7 pages, 3360 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Fatigue Life Prediction of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Mixture Using Residual Strain Ratio

by Xunming Dai

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146001 - 22 Jun 2026

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Fatigue cracking remains a critical challenge in asphalt pavement design, yet conventional prediction methods fail to capture the fundamental damage mechanisms governing failure evolution. This study proposes an innovative residual strain-based approach to predict the fatigue life of crumb rubber modified asphalt (CRMA) [...] Read more.

Fatigue cracking remains a critical challenge in asphalt pavement design, yet conventional prediction methods fail to capture the fundamental damage mechanisms governing failure evolution. This study proposes an innovative residual strain-based approach to predict the fatigue life of crumb rubber modified asphalt (CRMA) mixtures. Through semi-circular bending (SCB) tests under varying aging conditions and stress ratios, a modified Burgers model was employed to decompose residual strain into residual viscoelastic strain (RVES) and residual viscous-flow strain (RVFS) components. The key innovation lies in establishing the residual strain ratio (RSR) as a damage evaluation parameter, with its plateau value (PV) serving as the independent variable in a novel fatigue prediction equation. Results demonstrate that while RVES stabilizes after initial loading, RVFS accumulation drives fatigue damage progression. The RSR-defined damage factor exhibits a distinct three-stage evolution accurately characterized by the ExpAssoc model (R² > 0.97). The proposed PV-based fatigue equation achieves prediction errors below 15% when validated against field core samples, offering a mechanistically sound and practically viable alternative to conventional phenomenological approaches. Full article

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12 pages, 11879 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Research on Adaptive Design Strategies for Rural House Energy Consumption Under Different Working Conditions of “L + H”

by Yiqing Luo, Yang Xu and Zhijian Li

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146002 - 22 Jun 2026

Viewed by 199

Abstract

In the context of rural revitalization and carbon neutrality, this study addresses energy inefficiency and thermal discomfort in existing rural housing by optimizing passive design strategies for the “SunnyInside” sunroom model. Using parametric simulation with Ladybug and Honeybee, a dynamic light-thermal coupling model [...] Read more.

In the context of rural revitalization and carbon neutrality, this study addresses energy inefficiency and thermal discomfort in existing rural housing by optimizing passive design strategies for the “SunnyInside” sunroom model. Using parametric simulation with Ladybug and Honeybee, a dynamic light-thermal coupling model was developed to evaluate climate-adaptive performance in two distinct Chinese climates: the cold climate of Datong and the hot-summer-cold-winter climate of Wuhan. Multi-objective optimization focused on orientation, overhang depth, and photovoltaic (PV) tilt angles to enhance ventilation, shading, and daylighting. Key findings include: (1) Optimal building orientations of 15° west of south (Datong) and 16° east of south (Wuhan); (2) A 1.5m overhang depth in Wuhan improved summer shading efficiency by 28.6% and extended thermal comfort duration by 15%; (3) PV tilt ranges of 29–36° (Datong) and 13–23° (Wuhan) maximized energy performance. These optimizations achieved a 19.3–24.7% improvement in comprehensive performance coefficients and reduced air conditioning energy consumption by 17.8–21.4 kWh/m² (with ≥82% photovoltaic conversion efficiency). The study demonstrates the effectiveness of parametric simulation and intelligent algorithms in refining climate-responsive rural housing renovations, providing quantitative guidelines for PV shading systems across diverse climatic zones. Full article

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7 pages, 1448 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Typhoon Storm Surges in the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area Based on the ADCIRC Model

by Junjie Wang, Hongyu Wang, Sihan Chen, Zhibo Jiang, Zhouzhou Dai and Kun Zhang

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146003 - 22 Jun 2026

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Abstract

The Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area is a core economic region in China with a high incidence of typhoon storm surges. Its low-lying terrain and dense river networks make it vulnerable to severe disasters when typhoons overlap with astronomical tides. This [...] Read more.

The Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area is a core economic region in China with a high incidence of typhoon storm surges. Its low-lying terrain and dense river networks make it vulnerable to severe disasters when typhoons overlap with astronomical tides. This study integrates typhoon, terrain, and tide level data from 2000 to 2024 to construct an ADCIRC (Advanced Circulation Model) v54.01 numerical model, identify risk factors and high-risk areas, and design and verify the effectiveness of coordinated prevention and control countermeasures. Results show that the model has reliable simulation accuracy with MAE < 0.2 m and RMSE < 0.3 m; typhoon intensity and terrain elevation are the dominant factors, with high-risk areas concentrated on the west bank of the Pearl River Estuary and Dongguan Water Town; the comprehensive “engineering + non-engineering” measures can reduce the inundation area by 60% and the inundation rate of high-risk areas from 85% to 22%, providing technical support for regional disaster prevention and control. The novelty of this study lies in the integrated approach of combining grey relational analysis and multiple linear regression to quantify the contribution of key influencing factors, coupled with scenario-based evaluation of coordinated engineering and non-engineering measures tailored to the complex terrain and river network characteristics of the GBA. Full article

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6 pages, 178 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Reform of the Course “Structural Experiment: Theory and Practice” Aimed at Cultivating Innovative Abilities of Future Civil Engineering Talents

by Zhouyi Chen

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146004 - 22 Jun 2026

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Abstract

The cultivation of future civil engineering talents cannot be separated from experimental and practical teaching. The course “Structural Experiment: Theory and Practice” is designed to cultivate students’ good practical abilities. This study addresses the shortcomings in the course, where the traditional model—marked by [...] Read more.

The cultivation of future civil engineering talents cannot be separated from experimental and practical teaching. The course “Structural Experiment: Theory and Practice” is designed to cultivate students’ good practical abilities. This study addresses the shortcomings in the course, where the traditional model—marked by a lack of preparatory training, an overreliance on verification experiments, and outdated equipment—led to a theory–practice disconnect and low student engagement. To overcome these issues, a teaching reform was implemented focusing on three initiatives: enhancing hands-on training, adding exploratory experiments, and opening research laboratories. Corresponding measures included revising the syllabus, upgrading equipment, and establishing an open-lab system. Evaluation of the outcomes indicates that these measures effectively improved teaching. By integrating practical, diverse, and open research experiences, the reformed framework better promotes students’ skill transfer and innovative capacity. This demonstrates that a shift from a verification-focused to a student-centered, competency-oriented model is essential for achieving an organic integration of theory and practice. Full article

10 pages, 2554 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Integrated Assessment Methodology for Asphalt Pavement Integrity Under Accelerated Loading Conditions and GPR

by Qian Liu

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146005 - 22 Jun 2026

Viewed by 376

Abstract

Ensuring the integrity of pavement structures necessitates a thorough evaluation of both surface-level damage and subsurface mechanical performance. This study proposes an integrated, non-destructive assessment framework tailored for semi-rigid base asphalt pavements subjected to repeated vehicular loading via MLS66 full-scale accelerated testing equipment. [...] Read more.

Ensuring the integrity of pavement structures necessitates a thorough evaluation of both surface-level damage and subsurface mechanical performance. This study proposes an integrated, non-destructive assessment framework tailored for semi-rigid base asphalt pavements subjected to repeated vehicular loading via MLS66 full-scale accelerated testing equipment. The proposed methodology integrates ground-penetrating radar (GPR) using the CO4080 system and dynamic response measurements from a falling weight deflectometer (FWD) to characterize structural conditions across multiple depths. Comparative analysis between pre-loading and post-loading data revealed significant deterioration trends in the surface layers, with stiffness loss closely associated with increasing load repetitions. In contrast, the underlying base layers exhibited stable deformation characteristics, with variations in deflection basin indices remaining within ±5%. Subgrade dielectric properties derived from GPR data confirmed consistent compaction quality throughout the test site. Statistical analysis further validated the synergy between GPR and FWD results, demonstrating that the combined application enhances diagnostic accuracy. The dual-method approach improved overall evaluation reliability by approximately 22–35% compared to using individual techniques alone under accelerated pavement testing scenarios. These findings support broader implementation of integrated sensing systems and highlight the potential for application across varied pavement types and loading conditions. Full article

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10 pages, 14526 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Three-Dimensional Deformation Numerical Analysis of a Top-Down Urban Deep Excavation in Nanjing

by Xing Jiang

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146006 - 24 Jun 2026

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Abstract

It is essential to exercise control over the environmental impact of deep excavation construction in soft soil areas from the perspective of deformation in order to ensure engineering safety. A three-dimensional finite element model of the foundation pit was developed, thereby creating a [...] Read more.

It is essential to exercise control over the environmental impact of deep excavation construction in soft soil areas from the perspective of deformation in order to ensure engineering safety. A three-dimensional finite element model of the foundation pit was developed, thereby creating a comparison between the results of the numerical simulation and the actual on-site monitoring data. This process served to validate the precision of the simulations. The focal point of the study pertained to the three-dimensional effects of support structure deformation and ground settlement during excavation. A comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution and evolutionary patterns of underground diaphragm wall deformation and ground settlement behind the wall at varying excavation depths was conducted. The results demonstrated that both support structure deformation and ground settlement behind the excavated structure exhibited substantial spatial effects. In particular, larger deformations were observed near the symmetrical plane of the excavation centre. Conversely, greatly smaller deformations were observed in the corners of the excavation. The research findings aim to provide useful references for practical engineering projects. Full article

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11 pages, 2832 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effect of Vacuum Preloading with Inclined Drainage Boards on Soil Reinforcement

by Changxi Yue, Guoliang Ye, Yonghua Cao and Changyi Yu

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146007 - 24 Jun 2026

Viewed by 182

Abstract

This paper presents an innovative vacuum preloading method utilizing inclined prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) and systematically evaluates its improvement effectiveness compared to conventional vertical PVDs. A theoretical consolidation model incorporating inclined boundary conditions is developed, leading to a governing equation that reveals the [...] Read more.

This paper presents an innovative vacuum preloading method utilizing inclined prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) and systematically evaluates its improvement effectiveness compared to conventional vertical PVDs. A theoretical consolidation model incorporating inclined boundary conditions is developed, leading to a governing equation that reveals the dependence of the equivalent consolidation coefficient on the drain inclination angle. Through numerical simulation validated against field monitoring data (showing a minimal error of −1.81%), the study demonstrates that the inclined PVD configuration achieves a significant settlement-based improvement exceeding 10%. Parametric analysis further indicates that settlement behavior relative to the inclination angle follows a pattern of initial increase, subsequent decrease, and eventual stabilization, with an identified optimal range of 3° to 5° for a drain spacing of 1.0 m. While smaller drain spacings consistently yield better improvement effects for inclined PVDs, the percentage increase in settlement compared to the traditional method becomes more pronounced as the spacing increases. The findings confirm the inclined PVD system as a superior alternative for ground improvement, providing theoretical guidance and practical design parameters for optimizing vacuum preloading techniques in challenging soft soil conditions. Full article

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11 pages, 722 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A CNN–Transformer Dual-Encoder Network for Precise Building Crack Detection

by Kang Chen and Lingzhi Li

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146008 - 26 Jun 2026

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Abstract

Detecting wall damage is crucial for ensuring building safety, as undetected cracks may result in serious structural issues. Early inspections are therefore critical to maintaining structural integrity and avoiding expensive repairs down the line. However, building cracks exhibit highly diverse characteristics. Fine, surface-level [...] Read more.

Detecting wall damage is crucial for ensuring building safety, as undetected cracks may result in serious structural issues. Early inspections are therefore critical to maintaining structural integrity and avoiding expensive repairs down the line. However, building cracks exhibit highly diverse characteristics. Fine, surface-level cracks require precise local information for reliable identification. Large cracks demand global contextual information to be properly recognized. Convolutional neural networks specialize in capturing detailed local features, making them ideal for detecting small cracks. Transformers are adept at modeling long-range interactions and global pixel correlations, which are crucial for segmenting large and intricate crack structures. Despite these complementary strengths, most existing approaches rely exclusively on either CNN-based or Transformer-based encoders. They often fail to balance local detail and global context, leading to incomplete or inaccurate segmentation results. To overcome this challenge, we introduce DEF-Net, an innovative dual-encoder architecture. This model combines the strengths of CNNs and Transformers. A CNN encoder is employed to extract rich local representations. A Transformer encoder is used to provide global structural context. To fully integrate the complementary features from both encoders, we present an attention-based feature fusion module that aligns and merges features at different levels, boosting the network’s overall representation ability. This design allows DEF-Net to precisely identify both minor, intricate cracks and large, complicated ones across varied conditions. Comprehensive experiments on the CrackSeg9k and DeepCrack datasets show that DEF-Net consistently surpasses existing methods, delivering its exceptional segmentation performance and generalization ability. These findings underscore the value of integrating local and global modeling for assessing structural damage and lay a solid groundwork for future advancements in intelligent crack detection. Full article

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12 pages, 5159 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Seismic Resistance Strength of Buildings

by Chengxi Xie and Lim Chung Han

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146009 - 25 Jun 2026

Viewed by 138

Abstract

With the continuous emergence of high-rise building structures, the efficient and accurate realization of elastic-plastic time–history response analysis of complex structures under rare seismic actions has gradually become a hot issue in structural design. This project combines the software ABAQUS with professional design [...] Read more.

With the continuous emergence of high-rise building structures, the efficient and accurate realization of elastic-plastic time–history response analysis of complex structures under rare seismic actions has gradually become a hot issue in structural design. This project combines the software ABAQUS with professional design software ETABS and SAP2000, using refined concrete and steel constitutive models to establish a valuable method to replace expensive full-scale experimental tests. The main research work includes developing interface programs for model conversion, verifying constitutive models through experimental comparisons, and analyzing the seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame-shear wall structures and large-span steel truss structures under rare earthquakes. The results demonstrate that the proposed techniques can effectively predict damage states and weak links, providing an economical and reliable approach for seismic evaluation. Full article

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8 pages, 6345 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Influence of the Volume of the Drive Section in Shock Tubes on the Duration of Shock Wave Positive Pressure

by Fei Liu, Yonghong Gao, Kai Xin, Yanpeng Guo, Shifa Liang, Chaoyuan Huang and Yaoyao Zhang

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146010 - 6 Jul 2026

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Abstract

In the simulation research of explosion shock waves, generating explosion loads with long-duration characteristics represents a key technical challenge for evaluating far-field damage effects of large-scale explosions. The core issue lies in how to effectively extend the positive pressure duration of shock waves [...] Read more.

In the simulation research of explosion shock waves, generating explosion loads with long-duration characteristics represents a key technical challenge for evaluating far-field damage effects of large-scale explosions. The core issue lies in how to effectively extend the positive pressure duration of shock waves to accurately simulate real explosion scenarios. Based on ANSYS AUTODYN, this study investigates the energy utilization mechanisms in shock tube drivers. The results demonstrate that increasing the driver section volume significantly improves explosion energy utilization efficiency, thereby effectively extending the positive phase duration of shock waves. Full article

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7 pages, 2186 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Modeling and Analysis of Evacuation Efficiency Affected by Turnback Behavior in Deep-Buried Metro Stations

by Xiaotong Liu, Fang Liu, Miaocheng Weng and Mengyang Wang

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146011 - 7 Jul 2026

Viewed by 171

Abstract

While existing studies confirm the impact of occupant psychology and behavior on evacuation efficiency, most focus on general scenarios, leaving a lack of systematic quantitative analysis of turnback behavior in the high-risk context of deep-buried metro stations. The specific triggers, quantified impact, and [...] Read more.

While existing studies confirm the impact of occupant psychology and behavior on evacuation efficiency, most focus on general scenarios, leaving a lack of systematic quantitative analysis of turnback behavior in the high-risk context of deep-buried metro stations. The specific triggers, quantified impact, and key constraints of such behavior remain unclear. To address this gap, this study employs field research and simulation modeling to quantitatively analyze turnback behavior—primarily induced by factors like uneven exit distribution—in deep-buried stations. It investigates the effects of different turnback ratios and locations on efficiency to identify key bottlenecks. The findings aim to provide a theoretical basis and decision support for emergency planning and safety management in these environments. Full article

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6 pages, 1028 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Time-Domain Analysis of SH-Wave Scattering by a Near-Source Loess Yuan

by Baitao Sun, Jing Guo and Guixin Zhang

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146012 - 8 Jul 2026

Viewed by 164

Abstract

Local topography critically influences seismic hazards by amplifying ground motions and altering their spectral content. This study presents a novel semi-analytical solution for modeling the time-domain scattering of SH-waves by a near-source loess yuan, idealized as an asymmetric trapezoidal ridge. To accurately represent [...] Read more.

Local topography critically influences seismic hazards by amplifying ground motions and altering their spectral content. This study presents a novel semi-analytical solution for modeling the time-domain scattering of SH-waves by a near-source loess yuan, idealized as an asymmetric trapezoidal ridge. To accurately represent near-source conditions, cylindrical wave incidence is incorporated. The frequency-domain solution is derived using a wave function expansion method within a multi-region framework, employing the wave field mirror method. The transient response is efficiently synthesized via the inverse Fourier transform using a Ricker wavelet source. The results reveal that the asymmetric topography induces significant, incidence-dependent amplification due to wave focusing and prolonged shaking duration caused by multiple internal reflections and scattering within the topographic feature. A key finding is that while a steeper incident slope provides surface shielding, it can generate pronounced subsurface amplification. The solution is rigorously validated against independent finite-element simulations, confirming its accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed method demonstrates a substantial computational advantage. This efficient and accurate framework provides a valuable tool for parametric analysis in site-specific seismic hazard assessment. Full article

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8 pages, 1358 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Safety Performance Analysis of Tower Cranes Under Wind Load

by Gang Zhao, Bei Liu, Yunxiao Liu, Yongmin Sun, Zhengkai Zhang and Liangyu Liu

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146013 - 8 Jul 2026

Viewed by 256

Abstract

Given that strong wind poses a potential threat to the safe operation of tower cranes, a finite element analysis model was established using the finite element method. Considering wind load calculation theory, the stress characteristics of tower cranes under different wind levels and [...] Read more.

Given that strong wind poses a potential threat to the safe operation of tower cranes, a finite element analysis model was established using the finite element method. Considering wind load calculation theory, the stress characteristics of tower cranes under different wind levels and lifting loads were simulated and analyzed. Field tests were conducted to verify the corresponding simulation results. The results show that the safety performance of tower cranes is influenced by the interaction of wind level and lifting load, with certain operational conditions posing safety risks at wind level 5. To ensure safety, tower cranes should be operated under wind level 4 or below. Additionally, during non-working periods in strong winds, the jib should be released to avoid locking it, which could lead to structural collisions. The destructive stress is relatively lower when the tower crane stands downwind. Full article

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10 pages, 611 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Dynamic Reliability Analysis of Structures Under Non-Stationary Excitation, Considering the Randomness of Both the Power Spectral Density Model Parameters and Structural Parameters

by Ran Zhang and Wenliang Fan

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146014 - 8 Jul 2026

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Abstract

In general dynamic reliability problems, the input excitation often exhibits non-Gaussian characteristics. In practice, both the parameters of the excitation power spectral density (PSD) model and the structural parameters may exhibit randomness. Considering the uncertainty in both sources is therefore essential for a [...] Read more.

In general dynamic reliability problems, the input excitation often exhibits non-Gaussian characteristics. In practice, both the parameters of the excitation power spectral density (PSD) model and the structural parameters may exhibit randomness. Considering the uncertainty in both sources is therefore essential for a rational dynamic reliability analysis. The point-estimation method (PEM) is widely used in structural reliability analysis. When combined with Hermite-type quadrature for dynamic reliability evaluation, most existing PEM-based approaches employ fixed integration points, thereby neglecting the functional relationships among them. To achieve higher computational efficiency while maintaining reasonable accuracy, in this paper, a dynamic reliability approach for stochastic structural systems with random PSD parameters is developed by combining the PEM with adaptive Bayesian quadrature (ABQ). First, the moment spectra of structural responses are derived while simultaneously accounting for the randomness of PSD model parameters and structural parameters. Subsequently, an unconditional reliability point-estimation method is developed for the case of one random variable and then extended to multivariate cases. Finally, the effectiveness and computational efficiency of the proposed method are validated through the dynamic reliability analysis of a six-story structure. Full article

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10 pages, 1915 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Quality Grade Measurement Method of Stone Power in Manufactured Sand Based on Hyperspectral Imaging

by Zelin Zhang, Xiaoguang Li, Haijun Wu, Hua Shu and Xiong Peng

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146015 - 16 Jul 2026

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Abstract

An appropriate amount of active stone powder can effectively improve the performance of concrete and reduce the amount of cement. However, the doped clay in stone powder will have an adverse effect on the performance of concrete, and its contents need to be [...] Read more.

An appropriate amount of active stone powder can effectively improve the performance of concrete and reduce the amount of cement. However, the doped clay in stone powder will have an adverse effect on the performance of concrete, and its contents need to be tested and strictly controlled. In this study, we have developed a new test method for evaluating the quality grade of sand powder using hyperspectral imaging. The collected hyperspectral data of stone powder are preprocessed by smoothing filtering and multiple scattering calibration (SG-MSC) to reduce the interference of background information. Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and the successive projections algorithm (SPA) have been used to extract the eigenvalues and display the characteristic band, respectively, and then to construct the eigenvector dataset of the spectral curve. Subsequently, a classification model combining CARS and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm is trained and applied to the quality grade identification of stone powder. Finally, a comparison has been made between the classification results of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) models, which combined CARS and SPA, to construct a better evaluation model. Compared with the results of manual measurement, the proposed method demonstrates a high precision in the quality assessment of stone powder content in the actual production process. Full article

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6 pages, 2823 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Research on Stability Analysis Method of Bedding Slope

by Tao Zhang and Bo Lu

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146016 (registering DOI) - 4 Aug 2026

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Abstract

This study investigates the stability of the high cutting slope at the Hejiaping Interchange on the Shiyi Expressway. Based on geological mapping, direct shear tests, and numerical calculations, the potential instability modes and shear strength parameters of the structural planes were determined. Under [...] Read more.

This study investigates the stability of the high cutting slope at the Hejiaping Interchange on the Shiyi Expressway. Based on geological mapping, direct shear tests, and numerical calculations, the potential instability modes and shear strength parameters of the structural planes were determined. Under natural conditions, the friction coefficient is 0.35 with a cohesion of 0.02 MPa; under saturated conditions, these values are 0.26 and 0.09 MPa, respectively. Limit equilibrium methods were employed to quantitatively evaluate the slope stability and safety factors. The results indicate that the ultimate failure mode involves overall sliding along interlayer weak planes. Influenced by factors such as excavation blasting, unloading, and dominant structural planes, progressive bedding-slip instability may occur at the leading edge during excavation. After implementing a combined anti-sliding pile and anchor cable support system, the safety factor increased by about 0.5, verifying the effectiveness of the support design. Full article

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6 pages, 513 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Tail-Risk Profiling of Construction Accidents Using Text Data

by Hao Wang, Miaoling Wang, Liang Kong, Mushuang Liu and Xinxin Zhu

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146017 - 12 Aug 2026

Viewed by 113

Abstract

Construction accident investigation reports provide rich narrative evidence for understanding why incidents occur, yet conventional text-mining studies in safety analytics often prioritize frequent patterns and may overlook low-frequency but high-consequence scenarios. This paper proposes a tail-risk profiling approach for construction accidents using text [...] Read more.

Construction accident investigation reports provide rich narrative evidence for understanding why incidents occur, yet conventional text-mining studies in safety analytics often prioritize frequent patterns and may overlook low-frequency but high-consequence scenarios. This paper proposes a tail-risk profiling approach for construction accidents using text data. We transform accident narratives into semantic scene representations and organize reports into ten stable scene clusters (S1–S10) using spherical K-means with HDBSCAN-based robustness validation. Tail behavior is quantified at the scene level via quantile-based indicators, where P50 represents typical consequences and P90 represents extreme consequences; we further derive the Heavy-Tail Index (HTI = P90/P50) and the P90 exceedance rate to measure extreme-outcome tendency. A case study on 409 official accident reports shows that the proposed profiling can distinguish “tail-heavy” scenarios and support severity-sensitive scenario prioritization beyond frequency statistics. The results indicate that tail-risk profiling offers an interpretable and scalable basis for targeted safety interventions focusing on extreme-risk scenarios. Full article

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7 pages, 1388 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Assessment of Fire Dynamics and Personnel Evacuation Safety in a Nuclear Chemical Facility Under Cable Fire Scenario

by Binghao Zhang and Jing Luo

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146018 - 20 Aug 2026

Viewed by 76

Abstract

This study investigates fire behavior and personnel evacuation safety in a nuclear chemical workshop based on the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and real fire experiment. The typical fire scenario caused by cable faults at middle distribution box locations was analyzed to evaluate the [...] Read more.

This study investigates fire behavior and personnel evacuation safety in a nuclear chemical workshop based on the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and real fire experiment. The typical fire scenario caused by cable faults at middle distribution box locations was analyzed to evaluate the effects of ignition position on fire growth and smoke propagation. The FDS results show that the upper-layer temperature reaching approximately 180 °C at 173 s, while visibility at 2 m height decreases to 10 m at 176 s and CO₂ concentration rises to 1%. The CO concentration at 2 m reaches 500 ppm at around 290 s. The calculated Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) of 145 s exceeds the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET) of 117 s, indicating acceptable evacuation safety under this scenario. A full-scale real fire experiment was further conducted under a 5 MW fire. Temperature measurements showed that the thermocouple tree nearest the fire source reached a maximum temperature of approximately 620 °C, posing a severe threat to unprotected steel roof structures. The temperatures below 2 m remained relatively lower, decreasing from about 250 °C to 150 °C. These results demonstrate that the concentrated fire scenario primarily endangers roof load-bearing structures, whereas the thermal conditions in the evacuation zone are comparatively less severe. Full article

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9 pages, 2487 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Changes in Seismic Activity Related to the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in the Longmenshan Fault Zone

by Ye Haoyu Luo and Xin Luo

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146019 - 20 Aug 2026

Viewed by 112

Abstract

The Longmenshan Fault Zone, as the steep boundary on the eastern edge of the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau, is the seismogenic structure that includes strong earthquakes such as the 7.9 magnitude Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and the 6.6 magnitude Lushan earthquake in 2013. Based on [...] Read more.

The Longmenshan Fault Zone, as the steep boundary on the eastern edge of the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau, is the seismogenic structure that includes strong earthquakes such as the 7.9 magnitude Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and the 6.6 magnitude Lushan earthquake in 2013. Based on the U.S. Geological Survey (M ≥ 2.5) earthquake catalogue from 2000 to 2025, this study systematically analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution of seismic activities in this area. We determined the completeness of the seismic magnitude by time periods and drew a spatial B-value distribution map using the maximum likelihood estimation method to reveal its variation characteristics. The analysis is divided into three intervals: 2000–2007 (pre-Wenchuan), 2008–2012 (co- and post-Wenchuan), and 2013–2025 (long-term postseismic stage; the 2008–2025 interval includes an observational and forecast assessment window). Low b values persist in the central and southern parts of the LMSF, indicating that the degree of stress concentration in these two regions is relatively high. After 2008, the b value of the Wenchuan Fault Zone rose briefly. After 2013, the b value gradually declined. This fluctuation confirmed the re-accumulation process of regional stress. The analysis results of the Z-value rate change show that there is obvious stillness in the central fault zone (Z > 2), while there is slight activation in some southern areas of the LMSF (Z ≈ −0.5 to 0). These patterns are roughly consistent with the spatial B-value structure, and our research results also provide diagnostic conclusions for interpreting the long-term seismic activity evolution and stress heterogeneity of the LMSF. Full article

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7 pages, 1497 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Finite Element Analysis of Seismic Performance of Shear Walls in Granular Grain Warehouse

by Hao Zhang, Sanxing Zheng and Lei Chen

Eng. Proc. 2026, 146(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026146020 (registering DOI) - 25 Aug 2026

Abstract

This paper analyzes the influence of different parameters on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete shear walls under granular lateral pressure through numerical simulation. The study focuses on the effects of these parameters on the yield load, peak load, and initial stiffness of [...] Read more.

This paper analyzes the influence of different parameters on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete shear walls under granular lateral pressure through numerical simulation. The study focuses on the effects of these parameters on the yield load, peak load, and initial stiffness of the specimens, accompanied by parameter sensitivity analyses. The results indicate that as the grain loading height increases, the ultimate bearing capacity of the shear wall continuously decreases, while increases in concrete strength, axial compression ratio, and wall longitudinal reinforcement ratio lead to continuous improvement in the ultimate bearing capacity. Compared with concrete strength and wall longitudinal reinforcement ratio, increasing the axial compression ratio enhances the bearing capacity more significantly. Moreover, increasing the concrete strength and axial compression ratio effectively improves the initial stiffness of the specimen, whereas the influence of grain loading height and the wall longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the initial stiffness is limited. Within the parameter range considered, the standardized coefficients of concrete strength, axial compression ratio, grain loading height, and wall longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the peak load are 0.463, 0.678, −0.308, and 0.243, respectively. This further confirms that increasing the axial compression ratio can effectively improve the bearing capacity of the specimens. Full article

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