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Volume 7
Issue 4
10.3390/vehicles7040133
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Bumper Impact Test Damage and Static Structural Characterization in Hybrid Composite Aided by Numerical Simulation and Machine Learning Analysis

by
Sugiri Sugiri
1,*,
Mochamad Bruri Triyono
1,
Yosef Budiman
2,
Yanuar Agung Fadlullah
3,
Rizal Justian Setiawan
4 and
Muhamad Riyan Maulana
1
1
Department of Vocational Technology Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
2
Automotive Engineering and Manufacturing Research Group, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55651, Indonesia
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
4
College of Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vehicles 2025, 7(4), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles7040133 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 9 October 2025 / Revised: 17 November 2025 / Accepted: 18 November 2025 / Published: 20 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicle Design Processes, 3rd Edition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Modern automotive design has increasingly embraced plastics for bumper construction; however, it can lead to material degradation. To overcome these limitations, the automotive industry is turning to fiber–resin material, namely carbon–epoxy composites. Our research focuses on determining the effects of fiber orientation and angle alignment on the structural stress of the car bumper, examining the hybrid material (carbon–epoxy reinforced by CFRP) in static s

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sugiri, S.; Triyono, M.B.; Budiman, Y.; Fadlullah, Y.A.; Setiawan, R.J.; Maulana, M.R. Bumper Impact Test Damage and Static Structural Characterization in Hybrid Composite Aided by Numerical Simulation and Machine Learning Analysis. Vehicles 2025, 7, 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles7040133

AMA Style

Sugiri S, Triyono MB, Budiman Y, Fadlullah YA, Setiawan RJ, Maulana MR. Bumper Impact Test Damage and Static Structural Characterization in Hybrid Composite Aided by Numerical Simulation and Machine Learning Analysis. Vehicles. 2025; 7(4):133. https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles7040133

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sugiri, Sugiri, Mochamad Bruri Triyono, Yosef Budiman, Yanuar Agung Fadlullah, Rizal Justian Setiawan, and Muhamad Riyan Maulana. 2025. "Bumper Impact Test Damage and Static Structural Characterization in Hybrid Composite Aided by Numerical Simulation and Machine Learning Analysis" Vehicles 7, no. 4: 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles7040133

APA Style

Sugiri, S., Triyono, M. B., Budiman, Y., Fadlullah, Y. A., Setiawan, R. J., & Maulana, M. R. (2025). Bumper Impact Test Damage and Static Structural Characterization in Hybrid Composite Aided by Numerical Simulation and Machine Learning Analysis. Vehicles, 7(4), 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles7040133

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