- Article
Bateman Oscillators: Caldirola-Kanai and Null Lagrangians and Gauge Functions
- Lesley C. Vestal and
- Zdzislaw E. Musielak
The Lagrange formalism is developed for Bateman oscillators, which includes both damped and amplified systems, and a novel method to derive the Caldirola-Kanai and null Lagrangians is presented. For the null Lagrangians, the corresponding gauge funct...

