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Volume 9
Issue 4
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Genealogy, Volume 9, Issue 4 (December 2025) – 22 articles

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14 pages, 292 KB  
Article
Racial Formation and In-Betweenness of MENA and Mixed-Race Categories: A Critical Collaborative Autoethnography
by Hannah Stohry and Monique Hanna
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040123 - 4 Nov 2025
Abstract
The U.S. was constructed on a Black–white racial hierarchical system to maintain the subjugation of communities of color, of which we understand through racial formation that race continues to adapt and evolve to support structures of anti-Black racism. Our project centers racial formation [...] Read more.
The U.S. was constructed on a Black–white racial hierarchical system to maintain the subjugation of communities of color, of which we understand through racial formation that race continues to adapt and evolve to support structures of anti-Black racism. Our project centers racial formation as our theoretical framing for why race categories exist under a white supremacist, anti-Black system that profits from hierarchical inhuman realities. This critical collaborative autoethnography explores the learning journeys of one biracial Korean faculty member and one Lebanese-American undergraduate in their continued inquiry about erasure/affirmation of mixed-race and MENA identities. We explored the in-between gray spaces that our mindbodyspirits move through, and revealed the systematic impact of violent structures on our racialized mind–body–spirits. Findings allude to the limits of our belonging, in relation to dominant structures that cannot hold our in-between experiences. We urge social justice professions to recenter the literal marginal voices of mixed-race and MENA peoples as essential in the relational racial healing and restorative journeys of our multiracial and intersecting communities of color. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Race, Gender, and the Moral State: Cross-Cultural and Interdisciplinary Perspectives)
9 pages, 229 KB  
Essay
Clash Actions: Indigenous Peoples’ Human Rights and Class Actions
by Cindy Blackstock and Pamela Palmater
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040122 - 3 Nov 2025
Abstract
As many face significant financial costs and legal barriers to accessing justice to remedy systemic human rights violations rooted in colonialism, they are increasingly turning to class action litigation for recognition of harms and to safeguard others. Drawing on Canadian examples, including a [...] Read more.
As many face significant financial costs and legal barriers to accessing justice to remedy systemic human rights violations rooted in colonialism, they are increasingly turning to class action litigation for recognition of harms and to safeguard others. Drawing on Canadian examples, including a class action involving First Nations children, this article examines the complex and sometimes conflicting relationship between class actions and human rights remedies. The paper highlights the risks of class actions displacing human rights awards, the ethical challenges in relationships between class counsel and Indigenous victims, and the limited effectiveness of settlements in preventing recurring injustices. The article concludes by calling for stronger regulation of class action lawyers and tethering such proceedings to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and other human rights standards, including the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Self Determination in First Peoples Child Protection)
15 pages, 1040 KB  
Article
The Villafañe Lineage in Santiago del Molinillo: Hypotheses on Its Origin and Formation
by Jorge Hugo Villafañe
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040121 - 1 Nov 2025
Viewed by 115
Abstract
This article formulates and evaluates historical hypotheses on the origin and formation of the Villafañe lineage in Santiago del Molinillo (León) within the broader dynamics that connected the urban patriciate and the rural hidalguía (minor nobility) of late medieval and early modern Castile. [...] Read more.
This article formulates and evaluates historical hypotheses on the origin and formation of the Villafañe lineage in Santiago del Molinillo (León) within the broader dynamics that connected the urban patriciate and the rural hidalguía (minor nobility) of late medieval and early modern Castile. Through an integrated examination of population registers, parish records, hidalguía lawsuits, and notarial protocols, the study reconstructs the family’s trajectory and its institutional anchoring in the concejo and parish. The evidence suggests an urban origin on León’s Rúa through Doña Elena de Villafañe y Flórez, whose marriage to Ares García—an hidalgo from the Ordás area—established the local house and the compound surname “García de Villafañe” as both an identity marker and a patrimonial device. The consolidation of the lineage resulted from deliberate family strategies, including selective alliances with neighboring lineages (Quiñones, Gavilanes, Rebolledo), participation in municipal and ecclesiastical offices, and the symbolic use of heraldry and memory. The migration of Lázaro de Villafañe to colonial La Rioja and Cordova in the seventeenth century extended this social status across the Atlantic while maintaining Leonese continuity. Although the surviving evidence is fragmentary, convergent archival, onomastic, and heraldic indicators support interpreting the Molinillo branch as a legitimate and adaptive extension of the urban lineage. By combining genealogical and microhistorical analysis with interdisciplinary perspectives—particularly gender and genetics—this article proposes a transferable framework for testing historical hypotheses on lineage continuity, social mobility, and identity formation across early modern Castile and its transatlantic domains. Full article
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17 pages, 300 KB  
Article
Ethnicised Citizenship and the Post-Socialist Model of Diversity Management: The Case of Slovenia’s ‘Unrecognised’ Minorities from Former Yugoslavia
by Damjan Mandelc, Ana Ješe Perković and Tjaša Učakar
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040120 - 1 Nov 2025
Viewed by 148
Abstract
This article examines how Slovenia’s post-communist approach to diversity management marginalizes minorities from the former Yugoslav republics. The constitution grants cultural rights and parliamentary representation to Italian and Hungarian minorities, but communities from Bosnia, Serbia, North Macedonia, Kosovo, and Croatia are excluded from [...] Read more.
This article examines how Slovenia’s post-communist approach to diversity management marginalizes minorities from the former Yugoslav republics. The constitution grants cultural rights and parliamentary representation to Italian and Hungarian minorities, but communities from Bosnia, Serbia, North Macedonia, Kosovo, and Croatia are excluded from these protections. Recognised mainly by religious affiliation, these groups have limited access to formal minority rights. Their fight for recognition is fragmented, lacking unified political representation, and the 1992 “erasure”—the removal of thousands from the permanent resident registry after independence—still undermines their sense of belonging. Drawing on theories of racialized citizenship, belonging, multiculturalism, and social mobility, the article examines how exclusionary legal frameworks create hierarchies of belonging that hinder mobility for these unrecognised minorities. The qualitative interviews with descendants of Bosnian migrants reveal intergenerational struggles with recognition, ambivalent experiences of citizenship, and discrimination. Set in the post-communist Eastern European context, the study argues that even under the pressures of EU integration, citizenship regimes remain divided along ethnic lines. This division maintains structural inequalities and marginalizes certain groups despite their long-term residence and formal citizenship. The study contributes to debates on ethnicised citizenship and diversity management by showing how legal exclusion, historical legacies, and fragmented minority politics limit belonging and mobility in post-communist societies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiraciality and Social Mobility: Challenges Faced by Racialised Citizenship Across Europe)
20 pages, 1698 KB  
Article
The Use of Child-Centered Ecomaps to Describe Engagement, Teamwork, Conflict and Child Focus in Coparenting Networks: The International Coparenting Collaborative Approach
by James P. McHale, Silvia Mazzoni, Martina Maria Mensi, Russia Collins, Alice Busca, Arianna Vecchio and Marina Riso
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040119 - 1 Nov 2025
Viewed by 72
Abstract
When young children come to the attention of helping professionals because they are experiencing significant behavioral or emotional challenges, effective solutions frequently involve establishing whether there are strains or ruptures in the child’s coparenting network impeding functional communication about the child. Coparenting refers [...] Read more.
When young children come to the attention of helping professionals because they are experiencing significant behavioral or emotional challenges, effective solutions frequently involve establishing whether there are strains or ruptures in the child’s coparenting network impeding functional communication about the child. Coparenting refers to the shared—and ideally, mutual—parenting efforts of adults working together to socialize, care for, and raise children for whom they share responsibility. Among the most important aims in understanding and strengthening the family’s coparenting alliance is evaluating who the various adults are comprising the functional coparenting network. As part of a coordinated effort to provide guidance in best practices for evaluating coparenting, an International Coparenting Collaborative (ICC) has highlighted the use of a pictoral mapping tool—a child-centered ecomap—as one effective means of assessing coparental engagement and learning more about existing levels of child-related teamwork and conflict. Completed ecomaps provided by multiple coparenting adults in the same family also provide an opening to highlight and explore child focus and to facilitate pivotal information sharing among the multiple caregivers. In this article, we examine the use of child-centered ecomaps in a variety of family-centered cases seen in four different collaborating sites and services partnering in the ICC. The cases highlight the unique value of an assessment tool that goes beyond simply illuminating the nature of the child’s coparenting system to afford the interventionist with a means of refocusing coparents’ attention on the perspective of the child. Closing reflections focus on the child-centered ecomap’s advantages, both as a method for learning more about coparenting in the family and for setting a stage for subsequent child-centered work with the family through more comprehensive and nuanced case conceptualization. Full article
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17 pages, 267 KB  
Article
“They Can’t Do That; This Is MY Iowa”: Refugees and Belonging in the Midwest
by Brady G’sell
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040118 - 1 Nov 2025
Viewed by 136
Abstract
Refugees are a growing population in the state of Iowa. Many arrive through the state’s resettlement agencies, yet far more are secondary migrants—those placed elsewhere who voluntarily resettled in Iowa. Even amidst dominant discourses that either vilify immigrants or exclude them from the [...] Read more.
Refugees are a growing population in the state of Iowa. Many arrive through the state’s resettlement agencies, yet far more are secondary migrants—those placed elsewhere who voluntarily resettled in Iowa. Even amidst dominant discourses that either vilify immigrants or exclude them from the state narrative, refugees often hold strong claims to their new homeland. Drawing upon two years of ethnographic fieldwork with African refugees, this paper considers how, and under what terms, these new Iowans claim belonging. How are they building satisfying lives for themselves and their families? Where do they place themselves in Iowa’s present and future? Dominant narratives about the American Midwest in general and Iowa in particular, characterize the region as homogenously white and ideologically provincial and insular. I contend that African refugees are producing counternarratives about the region as (1) a place of opportunity, even for Black folks, (2) a place where anti-Black African racism and islamophobia are comparatively less harsh and (3) a place where they have built communities of support. In their responses to the persistent question, “why Iowa” I argue, that African refugees are authoring new narratives for understanding the American Midwest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue (Re)Centering Midwest Refugee Resettlement and Home)
16 pages, 439 KB  
Article
Eternally Vulnerable? Foreign-Born Adoptees Under U.S. Citizenship Rules
by Vivian Jessica Salles Vieira Pinto
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040117 - 1 Nov 2025
Viewed by 135
Abstract
This article examines how the insecure and precarious legal status of adoptees gives rise to vulnerabilities, with a particular focus on the citizenship of foreign-born adoptees. The primary objective of this work is to identify vulnerabilities associated with U.S. citizenship rules. While adoption [...] Read more.
This article examines how the insecure and precarious legal status of adoptees gives rise to vulnerabilities, with a particular focus on the citizenship of foreign-born adoptees. The primary objective of this work is to identify vulnerabilities associated with U.S. citizenship rules. While adoption is often assumed to guarantee both familial belonging and a legal status of citizenship, the U.S. legal framework frequently reveals gaps that leave adoptees in vulnerable positions. By tracing how administrative requirements, adoptive parents’ lack of due diligence, and fragmented legal pathways create insecurity, this article shows that the law itself may generate or exacerbate vulnerabilities it purports to resolve. Drawing on the concepts of vulnerability and navigating the intersection of family law and immigration law, the analysis highlights how citizenship is more than a legal status, affecting deeper issues of identity-building and belonging. The article concludes by underscoring the need for a protective, adoptee-centered, coherent approach to citizenship rules, one that offers better legal permanence for adoptees. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adoption Is Stranger than Fiction)
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16 pages, 299 KB  
Article
Discipline, Conformity, Compliance—An Analysis of Italy and Tunisia’s Education Guidelines for ‘Westernized’, White, Middle-Class Nations
by Valentina Migliarini and Nabil Ferdaoussi
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040116 - 1 Nov 2025
Viewed by 220
Abstract
The conjuncture of our present time, as Stuart Hall would argue, calls for a critical scrutiny of socio-political forces that aim to destabilize epistemologies and praxis of inclusion, diversity and equity. Such forces use education as a strategic site to perpetuate far-right ideologies [...] Read more.
The conjuncture of our present time, as Stuart Hall would argue, calls for a critical scrutiny of socio-political forces that aim to destabilize epistemologies and praxis of inclusion, diversity and equity. Such forces use education as a strategic site to perpetuate far-right ideologies and the idea of superiority of white, Western, middle-class nation-states. This article explores more recent manifestations of fortress Europe through the co-optation of inclusive education for migrant and refugee students in Italy and Tunisia. As critical scholars from opposite sides of the Mediterranean, we draw on anti-Blackness to engage in an analysis of the use of education policies to reproduce white supremacy in Italian society, while investing in humanitarian education in Tunisia to contain the movement of African migrants towards Europe. Lastly, the article intends to center the voices of Afro-descendant activists, who have increasingly gained a platform to speak back against such policies, and advocate for a more equitable society, with a more inclusive citizenship law. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Racialization, Class and the Politics of Nation: Tensions and Articulations in the Twenty-First Century)
21 pages, 310 KB  
Article
Integration and Belonging Through Relationships: Immigrant Youths’ Experiences of Community-Based Mentoring in Norway
by Sultana Ali Norozi
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040115 - 22 Oct 2025
Viewed by 346
Abstract
The integration of immigrant and refugee youth in Norway entails navigating linguistic, cultural, and social challenges that can hinder educational attainment, wellbeing, and future opportunities. Community-based mentoring has emerged as a promising strategy to support immigrant youth in their adaptation processes. This study [...] Read more.
The integration of immigrant and refugee youth in Norway entails navigating linguistic, cultural, and social challenges that can hinder educational attainment, wellbeing, and future opportunities. Community-based mentoring has emerged as a promising strategy to support immigrant youth in their adaptation processes. This study explores how immigrant youth participants in the Vinn Vinn project experienced and perceived the role of mentoring in their social integration and overall wellbeing in three municipalities. The project, initiated by the Human Rights Academy in collaboration with Save the Children Norway, paired young immigrants (aged 16–23) with volunteer mentors who shared similar cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Drawing on twenty two semi-structured interviews and complemented by targeted observations of programme activities, the findings demonstrate that mentoring facilitated social belonging, improved language and cultural competence, reduced loneliness, and provided both emotional and practical support. Anchored in Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, the study highlights how mentoring created opportunities for positive interactions across micro- and meso-level systems, bridging individual needs with wider community and institutional structures. The article contributes to the scholarship on immigrant youth integration by showing how culturally responsive, community-based mentoring can complement formal welfare services and enhance wellbeing among young immigrants in Norway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiraciality and Social Mobility: Challenges Faced by Racialised Citizenship Across Europe)
19 pages, 308 KB  
Article
Adoptees Traveling Worlds: Love and Multiplicitous Being in Adoptees’ Autofictional Writing
by Sophie Withaeckx
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040114 - 16 Oct 2025
Viewed by 314
Abstract
In the adoptive family, discourses of love have been mobilized to attach the adoptee to the intimate space of the nuclear family, thereby detaching them from other spaces and meaningful others. In this article, I engage with the question of what kinds of [...] Read more.
In the adoptive family, discourses of love have been mobilized to attach the adoptee to the intimate space of the nuclear family, thereby detaching them from other spaces and meaningful others. In this article, I engage with the question of what kinds of love have been erased in the adoptive family, how understandings of love impact upon adoptees’ subjectivity and which ways of imagining the self, in its connection to present and absent others, thereby become disabled. In order to assess whether alternative understandings of love, self and kinship can be imaginable within the adoptive family, I turn towards two works of autofiction written by adoptees: Shâb ou la nuit by the French author Cécile Ladjali and The girl I am, was and never will be by US author Shannon Gibney. In examining their articulations of love and the difficulties of finding words for that which might exist outside of dominant, quasi-hegemonic discourses, I draw on Maria Lugones’ articulation of love as connected to her theory of world-traveling. This enables us to understand adoption narratives and searches as attempts to reconnect with pre-existing worlds and meaningful others, made inaccessible by the Euromodern institution of adoption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adoption Is Stranger than Fiction)
8 pages, 226 KB  
Article
Black Skins, European Masks: Transforming the Collective Unconscious in Cameroon
by Daniel John Pratt Morris-Chapman
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040113 - 15 Oct 2025
Viewed by 399
Abstract
Over the last decade, Cameroon has been embroiled in a violent civil conflict. In 2016, protests within the minority Anglophone regions against the obligatory use of French in schools triggered a period of considerable unrest, in which hundreds of people have been incarcerated [...] Read more.
Over the last decade, Cameroon has been embroiled in a violent civil conflict. In 2016, protests within the minority Anglophone regions against the obligatory use of French in schools triggered a period of considerable unrest, in which hundreds of people have been incarcerated and killed. Following an increased security presence in the English-speaking regions, armed groups surfaced calling for secession—the creation of an independent nation of Ambazonia. The failure to resolve the crisis peacefully through dialogue has resulted in a spiral of violence between armed separatists and the military. Building on the work of Frantz Fanon, this paper offers an analysis of the construction of these identities before and after European colonisation. In mapping the contours of Francophone and Anglophone assimilation it seeks to explore how the current crisis might be resolved through what Fanon describes as a transformation of the collective unconscious and what the Nigerian philosopher Cyril Orji describes as a psychological transition away from prejudice against the Other. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Decolonizing East African Genealogies of Power)
20 pages, 276 KB  
Review
Digital Genealogy: Aura, Liquidity, and Burnout in Online Identity
by Gil Baptista Ferreira
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040112 - 15 Oct 2025
Viewed by 476
Abstract
This article develops the concept of digital genealogy as a critical lens for understanding contemporary subjectivity in environments structured by platforms and algorithms. Building on Benjamin’s aura, Bauman’s liquidity, and Han’s burnout, the analysis traces how digital selfhood is produced through practices of [...] Read more.
This article develops the concept of digital genealogy as a critical lens for understanding contemporary subjectivity in environments structured by platforms and algorithms. Building on Benjamin’s aura, Bauman’s liquidity, and Han’s burnout, the analysis traces how digital selfhood is produced through practices of performative presence, memory curation, and visibility. Empirical studies of selfies, ephemeral stories, and Bitmojis illustrate how authenticity is negotiated through fragments that are at once intimate and replicable, while van Dijck’s work shows how digital memory shifts from archiving the past to continuously fabricating the self. The paradox that emerges—identities are performed as fleeting yet archived permanently by infrastructures—reveals the coexistence of ephemerality and machinic inscription. Read through Benjamin’s concept of aura, reinterpreted by contemporary authors such as Mirzoeff, Groys, and Hansen, this transformation situates singularity not only in artworks but in the self, which must be ceaselessly enacted and recomposed in algorithmic environments. The framework also connects to critiques of precarity and exploitation: Marcuse, Fuchs, and Varoufakis highlight how self-expression doubles as unpaid digital labor within platform capitalism. Digital genealogy thus provides both a theoretical and normative contribution: it discloses the paradox of visibility and exhaustion as the price of belonging, and it points toward future empirical research—such as ethnographies of adolescents and creators—that can test how individuals negotiate the tension between platform imperatives and the desire for rooted self-narratives. Full article
4 pages, 139 KB  
Article
The Silence of Our Past: Why the Stories That Matter Most Are So Often Lost
by Muna Saeed Fareh Mohammed
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040111 - 14 Oct 2025
Viewed by 345
Abstract
This article reflects on the fading of personal and familial histories in the context of migration, trauma, and cultural transformation. While modern tools such as ancestry kits and digitized records promise clarity about our roots, they often fail to capture the emotional and [...] Read more.
This article reflects on the fading of personal and familial histories in the context of migration, trauma, and cultural transformation. While modern tools such as ancestry kits and digitized records promise clarity about our roots, they often fail to capture the emotional and narrative legacies that define us. Drawing on scholars such as Jan Mason, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, and Saidiya Hartman, this piece explores the silence that surrounds intergenerational memory. Whether caused by disruption, grief, or survival, silence is shown to be both an absence and a form of protection. The editorial calls for greater intentionality in preserving stories through conversation, documentation, and creative expression as a way to resist erasure and affirm identity in the face of historical neglect. In a world where wars, migration, and climate disasters are uprooting millions, we risk losing not just homes but the stories, languages, and rituals that carry who we are. This piece is a call to hold on to those fragile histories beyond the facts and dates, so that what is most human in our past is not silenced by the speed and forgetting of the present. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Family History)
17 pages, 347 KB  
Article
Traces of Ancient Turkish Belief Systems in Kazakh: The Example of ‘Baksı’
by Serdar Özdemir
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040110 - 14 Oct 2025
Viewed by 544
Abstract
This study examines the figure of the baksı as a living reflection of ancient Turkic belief systems in contemporary Kazakh culture. The baksı, whose earliest attestations in Old Uyghur Turkic derive from the Chinese po-shih (“scholar, teacher”), historically denoted a wide range [...] Read more.
This study examines the figure of the baksı as a living reflection of ancient Turkic belief systems in contemporary Kazakh culture. The baksı, whose earliest attestations in Old Uyghur Turkic derive from the Chinese po-shih (“scholar, teacher”), historically denoted a wide range of roles, including religious guide, scholar, scribe, healer, bard, and shaman. Employing an interdisciplinary methodology that integrates philological, lexicographic, folkloric, and ethnographic perspectives, the research traces the semantic development of the term across Turkic and Mongolic traditions, its uses in historical texts, and its representations in Kazakh oral literature such as proverbs, idioms, epics, and fairy tales. The findings show that while the baksı has been idealised as a healer, sage, and spiritual mediator, it has also been depicted with suspicion as a deceiver or figure associated with jinn, particularly in the post-Islamic period. Ethnographic insights further reveal that becoming a baksı involves a sacred calling, initiation rituals, and distinctive clothing and performance practices, situating the figure at the intersection of religion, medicine, and art. The study concludes that the baksı is not only a historical heritage but also a dynamic cultural institution, mediating between past and present, nature and society, and continuing to shape Kazakh identity today. Full article
17 pages, 636 KB  
Article
Migration to Italy and Integration into the European Space from the Point of View of Romanians
by Vasile Chasciar, Denisa Ramona Chasciar, Claudiu Coman, Ovidiu Florin Toderici, Marcel Iordache and Daniel Rareș Obadă
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040109 - 9 Oct 2025
Viewed by 371
Abstract
This study investigates the determinants of Romanian workers’ migration intentions towards Italy, integrating economic, social, and psychological perspectives. Based on a sample of 358 respondents, four hypotheses were tested concerning perceived living standards, working conditions, quality of public services, and anticipated integration difficulties. [...] Read more.
This study investigates the determinants of Romanian workers’ migration intentions towards Italy, integrating economic, social, and psychological perspectives. Based on a sample of 358 respondents, four hypotheses were tested concerning perceived living standards, working conditions, quality of public services, and anticipated integration difficulties. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rho correlation, Mann–Whitney U, Chi-square, ANOVA, and ordinal logistic regression. The results confirm that higher perceived living standards and better working conditions in Italy significantly increase the likelihood of expressing migration intentions, while favourable evaluations of healthcare and education act as additional pull factors. Conversely, anticipated integration difficulties, particularly language barriers and cultural adaptation, reduce migration intentions, indicating that socio-psychological obstacles can counterbalance economic incentives. By combining non-parametric and multivariate analyses, the study demonstrates that migration is a multidimensional process shaped not only by structural opportunities but also by behavioural and psychological appraisals. These findings are consistent with recent research on European labour mobility and contribute to the literature by highlighting the role of subjective perceptions in shaping migration decisions. Implications for policy include the need to address both economic disparities and integration barriers to support more balanced mobility within the European space. Full article
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13 pages, 406 KB  
Article
Afro-Brazilian Returnee Festivals: From Brazilian Bumba-Meu-Boi to Contemporary Lagos Carnival
by Niyi Afolabi
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040108 - 9 Oct 2025
Viewed by 598
Abstract
Drawing upon the works of Kazadi wa Mukuma, Gerhard Kubik, Carlos de Lima, Vivian Gotheim, Wilson Nogueira, Temitope Fagunwa, and Alaba Simpson, this study traced the evolution of Bumba-Meu-Boi from its regional origins in Maranhao, Brazil, to its adaptation in Lagos, Nigeria, as [...] Read more.
Drawing upon the works of Kazadi wa Mukuma, Gerhard Kubik, Carlos de Lima, Vivian Gotheim, Wilson Nogueira, Temitope Fagunwa, and Alaba Simpson, this study traced the evolution of Bumba-Meu-Boi from its regional origins in Maranhao, Brazil, to its adaptation in Lagos, Nigeria, as an Afro-Brazilian returnee festival within the context of Lagos carnival. Beyond serving as a crucible for the historical return of repatriated Africans from Brazil following abolition of slavery in Brazil, the study also documents how the Afro-Brazilian community has been fully integrated into the Nigerian society. Through the formation of a thriving Brazilian Descendants Association, the Brazilian community has been able to sustain their Afro-Brazilian heritage through social events and community impact by preserving Brazilian architecture, culinary knowledge, festivals, teaching of Portuguese language, and the celebration of their Afro-Brazilian genealogical past. Full article
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16 pages, 250 KB  
Article
More than Economic Contributors: Advocating for Refugees as Civically Engaged in the Midwest
by Fatima Sattar and Christopher Strunk
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040107 - 9 Oct 2025
Viewed by 422
Abstract
In the context of an increasingly hostile national political environment and federal cuts to refugee resettlement programs in the United States, advocates often highlight the economic contributions of immigrants and refugees to garner local support, especially in regions with histories of economic and [...] Read more.
In the context of an increasingly hostile national political environment and federal cuts to refugee resettlement programs in the United States, advocates often highlight the economic contributions of immigrants and refugees to garner local support, especially in regions with histories of economic and population decline. While these narratives continue to be a centerpiece of pro-immigrant and -refugee advocacy, in practice advocates and refugees themselves use a diverse set of frames to promote belonging. In this paper, we examine pro-refugee advocacy frames in a small, nontraditional destination in the Midwest. We draw on survey and focus group research with young adult refugees and nonprofit advocates and content analysis of online stories about refugees. We found that pro-refugee values frames (humanitarian and faith-based) and contributions frames (economic, cultural and civic) coexisted across the local landscape and were used by not only nonprofit advocates and local officials, but also by refugees themselves. While advocacy groups emphasized the dominant frame highlighting refugees’ economic contributions, they were also strategic in using overlapping frames to highlight a less public frame, refugees’ contributions to civic engagement through community service and volunteering. Advocates tended to reproduce the economic contributions frame to appeal to key stakeholders, which consequently obscures refugees’ diverse contributions, but we argue that refugee self-advocates’ use of the civic engagement frame pushes back against economic and other frames that limit their contributions and helps them to create spaces of belonging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue (Re)Centering Midwest Refugee Resettlement and Home)
18 pages, 271 KB  
Article
Tribal Self-Determination in Child Protection in the United States: Returning to Cultural Foundations
by Sarah L. Kastelic and Miriam Jorgensen
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040106 - 6 Oct 2025
Viewed by 455
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to highlight Tribes’ efforts to Indigenize their child welfare systems through the instrument of Tribal law. Since its founding, the United States has strategically focused on Native children in its efforts to assimilate Native Peoples. By the [...] Read more.
The aim of this paper is to highlight Tribes’ efforts to Indigenize their child welfare systems through the instrument of Tribal law. Since its founding, the United States has strategically focused on Native children in its efforts to assimilate Native Peoples. By the mid-twentieth century, federal and state governments removed nearly one in four Native children from their homes—and permanently placed most in non-Native care. In 1978, Congress recognized Tribes’ inherent authority to protect their children through the Indian Child Welfare Act. Tribal nations responded by creating their own child welfare laws and programs, but at least initially, most were not predicated on their respective Tribes’ cultures, values, and worldviews. This article considers the more recent shift among Tribal nations toward Indigenization of their child welfare systems and points to examples of this shift found in Tribal law. It reviews statements of purpose within the codes, which lay the groundwork for culturally infused child protection; statements about “best interests,” which communicate Tribal concepts about the foundations of children’s wellbeing; and definitions of “family,” which can vary greatly from western views. Reflection on these changes yields several lessons for U.S.-based Tribal nations in their ongoing efforts to promote their own visions of child wellbeing and, more generally, for other governments whose responsibilities include improving child welfare. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Self Determination in First Peoples Child Protection)
12 pages, 207 KB  
Article
“It Changed Everything”: Challenges to Indigenous Recovery Practices Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Melinda S. Smith, Andria B. Begay, Chesleigh Keene, Alisse Ali-Joseph, Carol Goldtooth-Begay, Manley A. Begay, Jr. and Juliette Roddy
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040105 - 1 Oct 2025
Viewed by 510
Abstract
(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing health inequities for Native American communities, intensifying the challenges faced in accessing addiction and recovery services. As part of a tribal-university collaborative effort in Arizona, our team explored the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing health inequities for Native American communities, intensifying the challenges faced in accessing addiction and recovery services. As part of a tribal-university collaborative effort in Arizona, our team explored the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental well-being and resilience among the Indigenous substance use recovery community. (2) Methods: We conducted qualitative analysis of transcribed individual interviews (n = 19) to understand the factors of resilience and mental well-being for providers of Western addiction treatment services and Indigenous community members who were in addiction recovery or engaged in addiction treatment during the pandemic. (3) Results: Four major themes that impacted mental well-being among the Indigenous recovery group during the pandemic were identified: (1) healthcare barriers; (2) culture in recovery; (3) the impact of colonization/historical trauma; and (4) the importance of relationships. (4) Conclusions: This work provides insight into the disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indigenous communities and vulnerable populations such as the recovery community. Findings from this study highlight the need for Indigenous-grounded and culturally informed recovery interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Health and Wellbeing of Indigenous Peoples)
20 pages, 1449 KB  
Article
Marital Status as a Determinant of Life Expectancy and Wellbeing: The Case of Greece
by Vasilis S. Gavalas
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040104 - 1 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1021
Abstract
It has been proven that marital status affects health outcomes, with marriage often linked to greater longevity and wellbeing. However, while married individuals generally exhibit higher life expectancy, the ordering among other marital statuses (never married, divorced, widowed) can vary by gender and [...] Read more.
It has been proven that marital status affects health outcomes, with marriage often linked to greater longevity and wellbeing. However, while married individuals generally exhibit higher life expectancy, the ordering among other marital statuses (never married, divorced, widowed) can vary by gender and socio-cultural context. This study examines the evolving relationship between marital status and life expectancy in Greece over a 30-year period (1991–2021). Utilizing Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) data specifically commissioned for this research, it constructs life tables by marital status, incorporating, for the first time in Greece, life tables for those in civil partnerships for 2021. While life expectancy improved across all marital statuses, married individuals consistently had the highest longevity, whereas those in civil partnerships are expected to live less than married individuals. Furthermore, widowers experienced a substantial increase in life expectancy, while by 2021, divorced males had the lowest life expectancy among men and divorced females showed the highest mortality rates at older ages among women. The relative position of never-married individuals improved over the period. Never-married women generally outlived never-married men, with this gap widening for the divorced. The most compelling finding is that the difference in mortality among family status categories appears to have diminished over time in Greece. Full article
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12 pages, 252 KB  
Article
Governance Strategies in a Global Context from a Gender Perspective: Narratives of Migrant Women
by Teresa Terrón-Caro, Rocío Cárdenas-Rodríguez and Fabiola Ortega-de-Mora
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040103 - 1 Oct 2025
Viewed by 373
Abstract
In recent decades, migratory processes have experienced growing feminization, with women accounting for about 50% of international migrations. However, they are not always recognized as social actors with the capacity for agency—that is, as subjects in decision-making, the formulation of proposals, and transformation [...] Read more.
In recent decades, migratory processes have experienced growing feminization, with women accounting for about 50% of international migrations. However, they are not always recognized as social actors with the capacity for agency—that is, as subjects in decision-making, the formulation of proposals, and transformation both in their lives and in those of the societies in which they participate. This article, from a critical and gender perspective, analyzes the narratives of migrant women interviewed in Spain within the framework of two research projects carried out during the period between 2021 and 2023. Through a qualitative analysis of their resistance strategies and demands, a series of comprehensive policy recommendations are proposed, which are aimed at providing theoretical and practical tools that would allow us to move towards more just and equitable societies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tracing Roots, Shaping Futures: The History of Social Movements and Perspectives (Feminist, Indigenous, Masculinity, Political, Human Rights and Social Policy), Experiential Community Development, Resilience and Social and Gender Justice)
8 pages, 214 KB  
Article
Music and Song: Tom Munnelly’s View of Ownership
by Therese Smith
Genealogy 2025, 9(4), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9040102 - 1 Oct 2025
Viewed by 318
Abstract
In the tradition of Irish traditional music, ownership of music is vague and sometimes contested. Tunes are not generally associated with a “composer”, but, if identified with anyone at all, are generally associated with the person most well-known for performing them, or a [...] Read more.
In the tradition of Irish traditional music, ownership of music is vague and sometimes contested. Tunes are not generally associated with a “composer”, but, if identified with anyone at all, are generally associated with the person most well-known for performing them, or a person identified with a tune, or a particular version thereof. This article will examine some of the songs and performances/singers in the collection of the late Tom Munnelly (1944–2007), collector of the most extensive collection of English-language songs in Ireland and not only an avid collector but also a very talented singer. Of primary concern will be Tom Munnelly’s attitude to song and its ownership, shedding light on a field long contested and much debated. Drawing on Tom Munnelly’s field recordings of specific songs, the article will endeavour to shed fresh light on how traditional music in Ireland is viewed. Full article
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