Genealogy

As many face significant financial costs and legal barriers to accessing justice to remedy systemic human rights violations rooted in colonialism, they are increasingly turning to class action litigation for recognition of harms and to safeguard others. Drawing on Canadian examples, including a class action involving First Nations children, this article examines the complex and sometimes conflicting relationship between class actions and human rights remedies. The paper highlights the risks of class actions displacing human rights awards, the ethical challenges in relationships between class counsel and Indigenous victims, and the limited effectiveness of settlements in preventing recurring injustices. The article concludes by calling for stronger regulation of class action lawyers and tethering such proceedings to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and other human rights standards, including the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.

This article examines how Slovenia’s post-communist approach to diversity management marginalizes minorities from the former Yugoslav republics. The constitution grants cultural rights and parliamentary representation to Italian and Hungarian minorities, but communities from Bosnia, Serbia, North Macedonia, Kosovo, and Croatia are excluded from these protections. Recognised mainly by religious affiliation, these groups have limited access to formal minority rights. Their fight for recognition is fragmented, lacking unified political representation, and the 1992 “erasure”—the removal of thousands from the permanent resident registry after independence—still undermines their sense of belonging. Drawing on theories of racialized citizenship, belonging, multiculturalism, and social mobility, the article examines how exclusionary legal frameworks create hierarchies of belonging that hinder mobility for these unrecognised minorities. The qualitative interviews with descendants of Bosnian migrants reveal intergenerational struggles with recognition, ambivalent experiences of citizenship, and discrimination. Set in the post-communist Eastern European context, the study argues that even under the pressures of EU integration, citizenship regimes remain divided along ethnic lines. This division maintains structural inequalities and marginalizes certain groups despite their long-term residence and formal citizenship. The study contributes to debates on ethnicised citizenship and diversity management by showing how legal exclusion, historical legacies, and fragmented minority politics limit belonging and mobility in post-communist societies.

When young children come to the attention of helping professionals because they are experiencing significant behavioral or emotional challenges, effective solutions frequently involve establishing whether there are strains or ruptures in the child’s coparenting network impeding functional communication about the child. Coparenting refers to the shared—and ideally, mutual—parenting efforts of adults working together to socialize, care for, and raise children for whom they share responsibility. Among the most important aims in understanding and strengthening the family’s coparenting alliance is evaluating who the various adults are comprising the functional coparenting network. As part of a coordinated effort to provide guidance in best practices for evaluating coparenting, an International Coparenting Collaborative (ICC) has highlighted the use of a pictoral mapping tool—a child-centered ecomap—as one effective means of assessing coparental engagement and learning more about existing levels of child-related teamwork and conflict. Completed ecomaps provided by multiple coparenting adults in the same family also provide an opening to highlight and explore child focus and to facilitate pivotal information sharing among the multiple caregivers. In this article, we examine the use of child-centered ecomaps in a variety of family-centered cases seen in four different collaborating sites and services partnering in the ICC. The cases highlight the unique value of an assessment tool that goes beyond simply illuminating the nature of the child’s coparenting system to afford the interventionist with a means of refocusing coparents’ attention on the perspective of the child. Closing reflections focus on the child-centered ecomap’s advantages, both as a method for learning more about coparenting in the family and for setting a stage for subsequent child-centered work with the family through more comprehensive and nuanced case conceptualization.