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  • Germs is published by MDPI from Volume 15 Issue 4 (2025). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with the former publisher Infection Science Forum.

Germs, Volume 11, Issue 2

2021 06 - 20 articles

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Articles (20)

  • Communication
  • Open Access
3 Citations
101 Views
8 Pages

2 June 2021

Mobile touch screen devices (MTSDs), including smartphones and tablets, are commonly used in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) [...]

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
159 Views
8 Pages

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Pseudomonas spp. from Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in South-West Nigeria

  • Adesola Adejobi,
  • Olabisi Ojo,
  • Olubunmi Alaka,
  • Babatunde Odetoyin and
  • Anthony Onipede

2 June 2021

Introduction: Pseudomonads constitute critical agents of opportunistic infections in hospital settings particularly in immunocompromised patients and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major flagship member of these infectious agents. This study assessed th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
341 Views
9 Pages

2 June 2021

Introduction: Culture is the only laboratory method that provides live gonococcal isolates for monitoring antimicrobial resistance. Many clinical settings do not have direct access to laboratories for the immediate processing of biological samples. V...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
159 Views
11 Pages

COVID-19 Deaths and Associated Demographic Factors in Central Java, Indonesia

  • Dwi Sutiningsih,
  • Nur Azizah Azzahra,
  • Yulianto Prabowo,
  • Aris Sugiharto,
  • Mufti Agung Wibowo,
  • Endah Sri Lestari and
  • Estri Aurorina
Germs2021, 11(2), 255-265;https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2021.1262 
(registering DOI)

2 June 2021

Introduction: To date, the total number of COVID-19 deaths is still increasing, including in Central Java, with the third-highest total number of deaths in Indonesia. There are still limited studies related to the cases of COVID-19. Thus, this study’...

  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
397 Views
21 Pages

Periodontal Disease in Seropositive Rheumatoid Arthritis: Scoping Review of the Epidemiological Evidence

  • Nik-Madihah Nik-Azis,
  • Nurulhuda Mohd,
  • Badiah Baharin,
  • Mohd Shahrir Mohamed Said,
  • Fazalina Mohd Fadzilah and
  • Nor Hazla Mohamed Haflah

2 June 2021

The link between periodontal disease (PD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been hypothesized to lie in the anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) molecules present in seropositive RA. This review aimed to discuss how RA and specifically A...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
168 Views
19 Pages

2 June 2021

The current epidemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is raising awareness of the need to act faster when dealing with new pathogens. Exposure to an emerging pathogen generates an antibody response that can be used...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
3 Citations
650 Views
4 Pages

Hafnia alvei Pneumonia: From Bees to Human Beings

  • Diego Fernando Severiche-Bueno,
  • María Teresa Vargas-Cuervo,
  • Luis Medina-Lee,
  • Gabriel Oliver-Hernandez,
  • Kenny Buitrago-Toro,
  • Diego A Insignares and
  • Rafael Conde-Camacho

2 June 2021

Introduction: Hafnia alvei is an enterobacteria that is a common inhabitant of the gastrointestinal flora of bees, birds, fish, and mammals. In humans this enterobacteria has been recovered from the oropharynx and the gastrointestinal tract but it ha...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
6 Citations
151 Views
4 Pages

Hepatic Tuberculosis: Myriad of Hues

  • Arup Choudhury,
  • Jayendra Shukla,
  • Gaurav Mahajan,
  • Day Krishna Jha,
  • Pankaj Gupta and
  • Vishal Sharma

2 June 2021

Introduction: Gastrointestinal tuberculosis is an important form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis but liver involvement is uncommon. Hepatic tuberculosis can manifest in variable manners including as a space occupying lesion, diffuse infiltration by gr...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
4 Citations
123 Views
5 Pages

Lemierre’s Syndrome by Bacillus circulans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Staphylococcus aureus with Involvement of the Internal and External Jugular Vein

  • Diego Fernando Severiche-Bueno,
  • Diego Alejandro Insignares-Niño,
  • David Felipe Severiche-Bueno,
  • María Teresa Vargas-Cuervo and
  • Fabio Andrés Varón-Vega

2 June 2021

Introduction: Lemierre’s syndrome refers to the septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein, secondary to a pharyngeal infection. Although it mainly affects the internal jugular vein, isolated cases have been described of involvement of the...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
2 Citations
149 Views
5 Pages

Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Secondary to COVID-19—Case Report

  • Andra Elena Petcu,
  • Irina Magdalena Dumitru,
  • Roxana Carmen Cernat,
  • Carmen Ilie Șerban,
  • Aurelia Hangan,
  • Elena Ghiță,
  • Nicoleta Dorina Vlad,
  • Mirela Dumitrașcu,
  • Adriana Teodora Câmpeanu and
  • Sorin Rugină

2 June 2021

Introduction: Thrombocytopenia is common in SARS-COV-2 infection, and about a quarter of cases have moderate thrombocytopenia. Severe thrombocytopenia is less common and is associated with severe forms of COVID-19. The pathogenesis of this thrombocyt...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
117 Views
5 Pages

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Primary Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study

  • Hamda Abdulla A/Qotba,
  • Ehab Hamed,
  • Ahmed Sameer Alnuaimi,
  • Azza Awad Saad,
  • Gheyath K. Nasrallah,
  • Abdulla Abdulrahman Alnaama and
  • Mohamed Ahmed Syed

2 June 2021

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are critical to the healthcare system and are at an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection [...]

  • Article
  • Open Access
119 Views
8 Pages

Prevalence, Chronological Trends and Predictors of Treatment Outcomes Among Patients with Tuberculosis in Southern Tunisia Across Two Decades (1995-2016)

  • Mariem Ben Hmida,
  • Houda Ben Ayed,
  • Makram Koubaa,
  • Maissa Ben Jmaa,
  • Maroua Trigui,
  • Fatma Hammemi,
  • Tarak Ben Jmaa,
  • Fatma Smaoui,
  • Habib Feki and
  • Mounir Ben Jemaa
  • + 1 author

2 June 2021

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease common worldwide. Influencing factors in TB outcomes include socio-demographics, as well as disease-related and treatment-related factors. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence trends of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
164 Views
8 Pages

2 June 2021

Introduction: Presentation of febrile illness with nonspecific features, overlapping manifestations of dengue and leptospirosis, limited laboratory diagnostic tests, make the clinical diagnosis of pyrexia a challenge. The present study aimed to deter...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
139 Views
16 Pages

Polyclonal Spread of Colistin Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Croatian Hospitals and Outpatient Setting

  • Tatjana Tot,
  • Sara Kibel,
  • Sanda Sardelić,
  • Khalil Nemer,
  • Ana Benčić,
  • Jasmina Vraneš,
  • Marija Krilanović,
  • Marko Jelić,
  • Marko Tripković and
  • Branka Bedenić
  • + 1 author
Germs2021, 11(2), 163-178;https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2021.1254 
(registering DOI)

2 June 2021

Introduction: Recently, a marked increase in the rate of colistin resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae was observed in Croatian hospitals and the outpatient setting. This prompted us to analyze the molecular epidemiology of these isolates and the mechanis...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
269 Views
10 Pages

Knowledge, Perception, and Confidence of Healthcare Workers About COVID-19 Preventive Measures During the First Wave of the Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study from Egypt

  • Omaima Elgibaly,
  • Enas Daef,
  • Shimaa A. Elghazally,
  • Hebatallah M. Hassan,
  • Rehab M. ElsaidTash,
  • Shereen M. Bahgat,
  • Neveen G. Elantouny,
  • Amro A. Zarzour,
  • Marwa M. Ayesh Othman and
  • Rehab H. El-Sokkary

2 June 2021

Introduction: The ongoing coronavirus-disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic had a variable history with differences in its various stages. This study evaluates the status of knowledge, perception, and confidence about COVID-19 preventive measures during the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
152 Views
10 Pages

Update on the Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Urine Specimens in a Moroccan Hospital: A Review of a 7-Year Period

  • Elmostafa Benaissa,
  • Nadia Elmrimar,
  • Elmehdi Belouad,
  • Youness Mechal,
  • Mohammed Ghazouani,
  • Fatna Bsaibiss,
  • Yassine Benlahlou,
  • Mariama Chadli,
  • Nadia Touil and
  • Mostafa Elouennass
  • + 2 authors

2 June 2021

Introduction: Escherichia coli is the most commonly isolated species in both community and healthcare-associated infections. Our study's purpose was to determine the rates of antibiotic resistance of E. coli isolates in hospital and community populat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
191 Views
12 Pages

An Outbreak of Ertapenem-Resistant, Carbapenemase-Negative and Porin-Deficient ESBL-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Complex

  • Mihaela Matovina,
  • Maja Abram,
  • Davorka Repac-Antić,
  • Samira Knežević and
  • Marina Bubonja-Šonje

2 June 2021

Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is an emerging healthcare-associated pathogen with dynamic molecular epidemiology. This study presents a retrospective analysis of the distribution and antibiotic resistance patterns of ertapen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
146 Views
10 Pages

2 June 2021

Introduction: Enterobacteriaceae are often reported as a typical bacterial population in raw milk from any mammalian origin. The frequent concern with bacteria, especially those related to this group of microorganisms, is their increasing resistance...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
162 Views
17 Pages

Clinical Diagnosis of COVID-19. A Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Symptoms of COVID-19 at Presentation

  • Pedro E. Fleitas,
  • Jorge A. Paz,
  • Mario I. Simoy,
  • Carlos Vargas,
  • Rubén O. Cimino,
  • Alejandro J. Krolewiecki and
  • Juan P. Aparicio

2 June 2021

Introduction: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to describe the main symptoms associated with COVID-19, and their diagnostic characteristics, to aid in the clinical diagnosis. Methods: An analysis of all patients diagnosed by RT-PCR for...

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Germs - ISSN 2248-2997