Informatics, Volume 12, Issue 4

Preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are obstetric complications associated with placental dysfunction, which represent a public health problem due to high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Early detection is crucial...

This study presents SpineCheck, a fully integrated deep-learning-based clinical decision support platform for automatic vertebra segmentation and Cobb angle (CA) measurement from scoliosis X-ray images. The system unifies end-to-end preprocessing, U-...

In the realm of children’s education, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are already being utilized to create educational materials for young learners. But how significant are the differences between image-based fairy tales generated by M...

Technology-driven agriculture, or precision agriculture (PA), is indispensable in the contemporary world due to its advantages and the availability of technological innovations. Particularly, early disease detection in agricultural crops helps the fa...

There has recently been a pronounced global escalation in scholarly output concerning Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the context of higher education (HE). However, the precise locus of this growth remains ambiguous, thereby hindering the systema...

With the rapid development of information technology, there is an increasing demand for the digital preservation of traditional festival culture and the extraction of relevant knowledge. However, existing research on Named Entity Recognition (NER) fo...

As AI decision support systems play a growing role in high-stakes decision making, ensuring effective integration of human intuition with AI recommendations is essential. Despite advances in AI explainability, challenges persist in fostering appropri...

Accurate classification of cognitive levels in instructional dialogues is essential for personalized education and intelligent teaching systems. However, most existing methods predominantly rely on static textual features and a shallow semantic analy...

Ontologies play a central role in structuring knowledge across domains, supporting tasks such as reasoning, data integration, and semantic search. However, their large size and complexity—particularly in fields such as biomedicine, computationa...

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has transformed Australian higher education, amplifying online harms such as misinformation, fraud, and image-based abuse, with significant implications for cybercrime prevention. Combining a PRISMA-guided s...

The harmfulness of online fake news has brought widespread attention to fake news detection by researchers. Most existing methods focus on improving the accuracy and early detection of fake news, while ignoring the frequent cross-topic issues faced b...

The increased prevalence of mental health issues in the workplace affects employees’ well-being and organisational success, necessitating proactive interventions such as employee assistance programmes, stress management workshops, and tailored...

The widespread dissemination of multimodal disinformation, which combines inflammatory text with manipulated images, poses a severe threat to society. Existing detection methods typically process textual and visual features in isolation or perform si...

This study evaluated the generalization and reliability of machine learning models for multiclass classification of retinal pathologies using a diverse set of images representing eight disease categories. Images were aggregated from two public datase...

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) represent an innovative online learning paradigm that has garnered considerable popularity in recent years, attracting a multitude of learners to MOOC platforms due to their accessible and adaptable instructional s...

The growing sophistication of cyberattacks in Internet of Things (IoT) environments demands proactive and efficient solutions. We present an automated hyperparameter optimization (HPO) method for detecting cyberattacks in IoT that explicitly addresse...

The rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) deployments has created an urgent need for energy-efficient communication strategies that can adapt to dynamic operational conditions. This study presents a novel adaptive protocol selection framework that...

Modern companies often rely on integrating an extensive network of suppliers to organize and produce industrial artifacts. Within this process, it is critical to maintain sustainability and flexibility by analyzing and managing information from the s...

Background and objectives: Automated evaluation of open-ended responses remains a persistent challenge, particularly when consistency, transparency, and reproducibility are required. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in rubric-bas...

This article describes a model for optimizing traffic flow control and generating traffic signal phases based on the stochastic dynamics of traffic and the percolation properties of transport networks. As input data (in SUMO), we use lane-level vehic...

Financial Technology (FinTech) is fundamentally reshaping the accounting profession, accelerating the shift from routine transactional activities to more strategic, data-driven functions. This transformation demands advanced digital competencies, yet...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly significant in healthcare around the world, especially in China, where rapid population ageing coincides with rising expectations for quality of life and a shrinking care workforce. This study exp...

While Artificial Intelligence (AI) promises significant enhancements for Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs), the opacity of many AI models remains a major barrier to clinical adoption, primarily due to interpretability and trust challenges. Ex...

Meme image sentiment analysis is a task of examining public opinion based on meme images posted on social media. In various fields, stakeholders often need to quickly and accurately determine the sentiment of memes from large amounts of available dat...

Epilepsy is a brain disorder that affects individuals; hence, preemptive diagnosis is required. Accurate classification of seizures is critical to optimize the treatment of epilepsy. Patients with epilepsy are unable to lead normal lives due to the u...

Colorectal cancer cases are on the rise and have become a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is widely used in traditional herbal medicine and has been proposed as a potential treatment for colorectal cancer. This st...

This study focuses on human awareness, a critical component in human–robot interaction, particularly within agricultural environments where interactions are enriched by complex contextual information. The main objective is identifying human act...

Social media platforms have become a widely used medium for individuals to express complex and multifaceted emotions. Traditional single-label emotion classification methods fall short in accurately capturing the simultaneous presence of multiple emo...

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly proposed to personalize healthcare delivery, yet their real-world readiness remains uncertain. We conducted a systematic literature review to assess how LLM-based systems are designed and used to enhance...

Background: Significant progress has been made in the field of machine learning, enabling the development of methods for automatic interpretation of medical images that provide high-quality diagnostics. However, most of these methods require access t...

The widespread integration of artificial intelligence into university academic activity requires responsibly addressing the ethical challenges it poses. This study critically analyses these challenges, identifying opportunities and risks in various a...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality around the world. This underscores the critical need to implement effective predictive tools to inform clinical decision-making. This study aimed to compare the predictive performance of ense...

Cardiovascular diseases claim millions of lives each year, yet timely diagnosis remains a significant challenge due to the high number of patients and associated costs. Although various machine learning solutions have been proposed for this problem,...

The exponential growth of scientific literature has made it increasingly difficult for researchers to identify relevant and timely publications within vast academic digital libraries. Although academic search engines, reference management tools, and...

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) has advanced rapidly, evolving from early template-matching systems to modern deep learning frameworks. This review systematically traces ASR’s technological evolution across four phases: the template-based er...

Breast cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related death for women worldwide, and enhancing patient outcomes still depends on early detection. The most common imaging technique for diagnosing and screening for breast cancer is mammography, whi...

This study investigated how icon array layouts influence comprehension of medical risk information, particularly in relation to users’ cognitive abilities. In a within-subjects experiment (N = 121), participants reviewed clinical scenarios with...

The technical and technological advances of recent years in the field of real-time photorealistic rendering have enabled enormous development in virtual production. However, the democratization of this technology faces two main obstacles: the high ec...

Caring for Alzheimer’s patients presents significant global challenges due to complex symptoms and the constant demand for care, which are further complicated by fragmented information and a lack of explicit integration between physical and com...

Shaded resting zones in rotational grazing systems are prone to thermal stress due to limited ventilation and the congregation of animals during peak heat periods. Addressing these challenges requires sensing solutions that are not only accurate but...

The axle box of a railway vehicle is a critical component, and its maintenance involves complex procedures that are difficult to convey with traditional, document-based manuals. To address these challenges, augmented reality (AR)-based educational co...