Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Acacia saligna and Lawsonia inermis Natural Populations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Preparation
2.2. Analyses of Phenolic Compounds
2.3. Antioxidant Activity
2.4. Detection Intercellular ROS Accumulation
2.5. Anticancer Activities
2.6. Antibacterial Effect
2.7. Antifungal Effect
3. Results
3.1. A. saligna and L. inermis Polyphenol Profiling of Leaf Extracts
3.2. Antioxidant Effects
3.3. MTT Assay and Flow Cytometry
3.4. ROS Accumulation
3.5. Antibacterial Activities of A. saligna and L. inermis Leaf Extracts
3.6. Antifungal Effects of Leaf Extracts
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compounds | Acacia saligna | Lawsonia inermis | |
---|---|---|---|
Phenolic acids | Gallic acid | 136.2 ± 11.1 | 81.0 ± 13.2 |
p-Coumaric acid | 34.8 ± 2.9 | nd * | |
Flavonoids | Hyperoside | 632.5 ± 45.5 | nd |
Isoquercetin | 73.2 ± 9.2 | nd | |
Quercetin | 6.1 ± 0.5 | nd | |
Quercetin 3-glucuronide | 125.5 ± 2.5 | nd | |
Rutoside | 1533.0 ± 55.7 | nd | |
Apigetrin | nd | 1180.9 ± 153.3 | |
Apigenin 5-glucoside | nd | 596.3 ± 49.1 |
B. cereus MIC MBC | P. aeruginosa MIC MBC | L. monocytogenes MIC MBC | E. coli MIC MBC | M. flavus MIC MBC | S. aureus MIC MBC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. saligna | 0.35 ± 0.01 | 0.37 ± 0.02 | 0.47 ± 0.03 | 0.31 ± 0.03 | 0.41 ± 0.02 | 0.30 ± 0.05 |
0.73 ± 0.03 | 0.79 ± 0.03 | 0.99 ± 0.05 | 0.72 ± 0.01 | 0.85 ± 0.03 | 0.73 ± 0.03 | |
L. inermis | 0.43 ± 0.03 | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.42 ± 0.03 | 0.34 ± 0.02 | 0.52 ± 0.05 | 0.41 ± 0.02 |
0.86 ± 0.04 | 0.96 ± 0.05 | 0.93 ± 0.02 | 0.75 ± 0.03 | 1.53 ± 0.12 | 0.93 ± 0.03 | |
Rutoside | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.01 |
0.22 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.23 ± 0.01 | 0.23 ± 0.01 | 0.25 ± 0.03 | |
Hyperoside | 23.3 ± 2.4 | 27.2 ± 3.53 | 34.3 ± 4.21 | 31.2 ± 1.43 | 22.42 ± 1.55 | 19.54 ± 2.41 |
>500 | >500 | >500 | >500 | >500 | >500 | |
Apigenin 5-glucoside | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.13 ± 0.02 |
0.33 ± 0.03 | 0.31 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.30 ± 0.03 | 0.33 ± 0.03 | |
p-Coumaric acid | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.26 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.16 ± 0.02 | 0.23± 0.02 |
0.31 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.02 | 0.58 ± 0.03 | 0.25 ± 0.02 | 0.38 ± 0.03 | 0.47 ± 0.03 | |
Quercetin | 30.6 ± 3.1 | 31.8 ± 2.11 | 43.7 ± 3.51 | 38.6 ± 3.14 | 28.65 ± 2.11 | 21.53 ± 1.53 |
>500 | >500 | >500 | >500 | >500 | >500 | |
Quercetin 3-glucuronide | 35.2 ± 3.1 | 25.3 ± 1.54 | 32.1 ± 3.78 | 31.8 ± 3.32 | 21.65 ± 2.11 | 17.1 ± 1.53 |
>500 | 315.14 ± 18.42 | >500 | >500 | 411.17 ± 22.67 | 427 ± 27.23 | |
Streptomycin | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.01 |
0.16 ± 0.02 | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.20 ± 0.01 | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.31 ± 0.02 |
Aspergillus flavus MIC MFC | Aspergillus ochraceus MIC MFC | Aspergillus niger MIC MFC | Candida albicans MIC MFC | Penicillium funiculosum MIC MFC | Penicillium ochrochloron MIC MFC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. saligna | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 0.38 ± 0.02 | 0.48 ± 0.03 | 0.58 ± 0.03 | 0.43 ± 0.03 | 0.44 ± 0.05 |
0.91 ± 0.05 | 0.95 ± 0.3 | 1.02 ± 0.05 | 1.42 ± 0.18 | 1.01 ± 0.06 | 1.31 ± 0.12 | |
L. inermis | 0.45 ± 0.05 | 0.47 ± 0.03 | 0.64 ± 0.05 | 0.88 ± 0.04 | 0.75 ± 0.02 | 0.79 ± 0.03 |
0.98 ± 0.06 | 1.07 ± 0.05 | 1.45 ± 0.17 | 1.86 ± 0.13 | 1.53 ± 0.05 | 1.64 ± 0.12 | |
Rutoside | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.18 ± 0.01 | 0.28 ± 0.03 | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 0.23 ± 0.03 |
0.45 ± 0.03 | 0.55 ± 0.03 | 0.62 ± 0.03 | 0.51 ± 0.03 | 0.71 ± 0.03 | 0.43 ± 0.03 | |
Hyperoside | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.15 ± 0.03 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.31 ± 0.03 |
0.46 ± 0.03 | 0.50 ± 0.05 | 0.52 ± 0.04 | 0.93 ± 0.07 | 1.03 ± 0.11 | 1.19 ± 0.10 | |
Apigenin 5-glucoside | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 0.23 ± 0.03 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.75 ± 0.05 | 0.59 ± 0.05 |
0.84 ± 0.04 | 1.03 ± 0.08 | 1.11 ± 0.15 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 1.33 ± 0.14 | 1.26 ± 0.13 | |
Quercetin | 0.31 ± 0.03 | 0.20 ± 0.02 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.29 ± 0.03 |
0.63 ± 0.05 | 0.75 ± 0.03 | 0.75 ± 0.02 | 0.33 ± 0.03 | 0.70 ± 0.04 | 0.63 ± 0.03 | |
Quercetin 3-glucuronide | 0.26 ± 0.03 | 0.17 ± 0.03 | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.26 ± 0.02 |
0.52 ± 0.03 | 0.61 ± 0.05 | 0.62 ± 0.05 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.60 ± 0.05 | 0.54 ± 0.05 | |
p-Coumaric acid | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.32 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.01 | 0.20 ± 0.02 |
0.43 ± 0.01 | 0.45 ± 0.05 | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.60 ± 0.01 | 0.59 ± 0.05 | 0.40 ± 0.03 | |
KTZ (Ketoconazole) | 0.20 ± 0.01 | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.22 ± 0.01 | 2.05 ± 0.13 | 0.21 ± 0.01 |
0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.46 ± 0.03 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.43 ± 0.02 | 3.51 ± 0.11 | 0.43 ± 0.05 |
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Elansary, H.O.; Szopa, A.; Kubica, P.; Ekiert, H.; A. Al-Mana, F.; Al-Yafrsi, M.A. Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Acacia saligna and Lawsonia inermis Natural Populations. Plants 2020, 9, 908. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070908
Elansary HO, Szopa A, Kubica P, Ekiert H, A. Al-Mana F, Al-Yafrsi MA. Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Acacia saligna and Lawsonia inermis Natural Populations. Plants. 2020; 9(7):908. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070908
Chicago/Turabian StyleElansary, Hosam O., Agnieszka Szopa, Paweł Kubica, Halina Ekiert, Fahed A. Al-Mana, and Mohammed A. Al-Yafrsi. 2020. "Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Acacia saligna and Lawsonia inermis Natural Populations" Plants 9, no. 7: 908. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070908