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Volume 9
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10.3390/jcm9093045
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Open AccessReview

Can Adenosine Fight COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

by
Carmela Falcone
1,†,
Massimo Caracciolo
2,†,
Pierpaolo Correale
3,
Sebastiano Macheda
4,
Eugenio Giuseppe Vadalà
4,
Stefano La Scala
4,
Marco Tescione
4,
Roberta Danieli
5,
Anna Ferrarelli
1,
Maria Grazia Tarsitano
6,
Lorenzo Romano
7,* and
Antonino De Lorenzo
8
1
Unit of Radiology, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
2
Unit of Intensive Postoperative Therapy, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
3
Medical Oncology Unit, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
4
Unit of Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
5
Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, University San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
6
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
7
School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
8
Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors share equal contributions.
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(9), 3045; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9093045
Received: 31 July 2020 / Revised: 16 September 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 / Published: 21 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19: Diagnostic Imaging and Beyond)
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Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients can develop interstitial pneumonia, which, in turn, can evolve into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This is accompanied by an inflammatory cytokine storm. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has proteins capable of promoting the cytokine storm, especially in patients with comorbidities, including obesity. Since currently no resolutive therapy for ARDS has been found and given the scientific literature regarding the use of adenosine, its application has been hypothesized. Through its receptors, adenosine is able to inhibit the acute inflammatory process, increase the protection capacity of the epithelial barrier, and reduce the damage due to an overactivation of the immune system, such as that occurring in cytokine storms. These features are known in ischemia/reperfusion models and could also be exploited in acute lung injury with hypoxia. Considering these hypotheses, a COVID-19 patient with unresponsive respiratory failure was treated with adenosine for compassionate use. The results showed a rapid improvement of clinical conditions, with negativity of SARS-CoV2 detection. View Full-Text
Keywords: COVID-19; ARDS; adenosine; CT-scan; cytokines storm COVID-19; ARDS; adenosine; CT-scan; cytokines storm
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MDPI and ACS Style

Falcone, C.; Caracciolo, M.; Correale, P.; Macheda, S.; Vadalà, E.G.; La Scala, S.; Tescione, M.; Danieli, R.; Ferrarelli, A.; Tarsitano, M.G.; Romano, L.; De Lorenzo, A. Can Adenosine Fight COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome? J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 3045.

AMA Style

Falcone C, Caracciolo M, Correale P, Macheda S, Vadalà EG, La Scala S, Tescione M, Danieli R, Ferrarelli A, Tarsitano MG, Romano L, De Lorenzo A. Can Adenosine Fight COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome? Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(9):3045.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Falcone, Carmela; Caracciolo, Massimo; Correale, Pierpaolo; Macheda, Sebastiano; Vadalà, Eugenio G.; La Scala, Stefano; Tescione, Marco; Danieli, Roberta; Ferrarelli, Anna; Tarsitano, Maria G.; Romano, Lorenzo; De Lorenzo, Antonino. 2020. "Can Adenosine Fight COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?" J. Clin. Med. 9, no. 9: 3045.

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