The Health-Promoting Potential of Salix spp. Bark Polar Extracts: Key Insights on Phenolic Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity and Biocompatibility

Ramos, Patrícia A. B.; Moreirinha, Catarina; Silva, Sara; Costa, Eduardo M.; Veiga, Mariana; Coscueta, Ezequiel; Santos, Sónia A. O.; Almeida, Adelaide; Pintado, M. Manuela; Freire, Carmen S. R.; Silva, Artur M. S.; Silvestre, Armando J. D.

doi:10.3390/antiox8120609

Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Edit a Special Issue

Article Menu

...

Open AccessArticle

The Health-Promoting Potential of Salix spp. Bark Polar Extracts: Key Insights on Phenolic Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity and Biocompatibility

^1,2

¹,

³,

³,

⁴

³,

¹,

^1,2

and

Armando J. D. Silvestre

^1,*

CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal

QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal

CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal

⁴

Biology Department and CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Antioxidants 2019, 8(12), 609; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8120609

Received: 27 September 2019 / Revised: 21 November 2019 / Accepted: 26 November 2019 / Published: 30 November 2019

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytochemical Antioxidants and Health)

View Full-Text Download PDF

Browse Figures

Citation Export

Abstract

Salix spp. have been exploited for energy generation, along with folk medicine use of bark extracts for antipyretic and analgesic benefits. Bark phenolic components, rather than salicin, have demonstrated interesting bioactivities, which may ensure the sustainable bioprospection of Salix bark. Therefore, this study highlights the detailed phenolic characterization, as well as the in vitro antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, Staphylococcus aureus growth inhibitory effects, and biocompatibility of Salix atrocinerea Brot., Salix fragilis L., and Salix viminalis L. bark polar extracts. Fifteen phenolic compounds were characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection-mass spectrometry analysis, from which two flavan-3-ols, an acetophenone, five flavanones, and a flavonol were detected, for the first time, as their bark components. Salix bark extracts demonstrated strong free radical scavenging activity (5.58–23.62 µg mL⁻¹ IC₅₀ range), effective inhibition on angiotensin-I converting enzyme (58–84%), and S. aureus bactericidal action at 1250–2500 µg mL⁻¹ (6–8 log CFU mL⁻¹ reduction range). All tested Salix bark extracts did not show cytotoxic potential against Caco-2 cells, as well as S. atrocinerea Brot. and S. fragilis L. extracts at 625 and 1250 µg mL⁻¹ against HaCaT and L929 cells. These valuable findings can pave innovative and safer food, nutraceutical, and/or cosmetic applications of Salix bark phenolic-containing fractions. View Full-Text

Keywords: Salix spp. bark polar extracts; phenolic compounds; antioxidant activity; anti-hypertensive potential; antibacterial effect; bioeconomy-based value chain

▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Supplementary Material

Supplementary File 1:
PDF-Document (PDF, 870 KiB)

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Ramos, P.A.B.; Moreirinha, C.; Silva, S.; Costa, E.M.; Veiga, M.; Coscueta, E.; Santos, S.A.O.; Almeida, A.; Pintado, M.M.; Freire, C.S.R.; Silva, A.M.S.; Silvestre, A.J.D. The Health-Promoting Potential of Salix spp. Bark Polar Extracts: Key Insights on Phenolic Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity and Biocompatibility. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 609. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8120609

AMA Style

Ramos PAB, Moreirinha C, Silva S, Costa EM, Veiga M, Coscueta E, Santos SAO, Almeida A, Pintado MM, Freire CSR, Silva AMS, Silvestre AJD. The Health-Promoting Potential of Salix spp. Bark Polar Extracts: Key Insights on Phenolic Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity and Biocompatibility. Antioxidants. 2019; 8(12):609. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8120609

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramos, Patrícia A.B., Catarina Moreirinha, Sara Silva, Eduardo M. Costa, Mariana Veiga, Ezequiel Coscueta, Sónia A.O. Santos, Adelaide Almeida, M. M. Pintado, Carmen S.R. Freire, Artur M.S. Silva, and Armando J.D. Silvestre. 2019. "The Health-Promoting Potential of Salix spp. Bark Polar Extracts: Key Insights on Phenolic Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity and Biocompatibility" Antioxidants 8, no. 12: 609. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8120609

Find Other Styles

Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Abstract views Pdf views Html views

Article Menu

The Health-Promoting Potential of Salix spp. Bark Polar Extracts: Key Insights on Phenolic Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity and Biocompatibility

Abstract

Supplementary Material

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Article Access Map by Country/Region

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI