Medical Sciences, Volume 13, Issue 3

Background: Heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) are valid indices of psychophysical stress. Healthy individuals typically exhibit high vagal tone, as indicated by vagally mediated HRV (vmHRV) values. Despite current knowledge, HRV differences be...

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is characterized by impaired ventricular relaxation and increased chamber stiffness during diastole, resulting in increased left ventricular filling pressures. It represents a highly prevalent yet frequen...

Background: Juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM) is a chronic pain disorder characterised by widespread musculoskeletal pain, functional impairment, fatigue, and mood disturbances. Treatment remains challenging, considering the multifactorial nature of the co...

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to profile the molecular variants of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) based on immunohistochemical analysis and to make a correlation with morphological characteristics in a series of 100 consecutive patie...

Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) causes progressive motor dysfunction, with chorea as its hallmark symptom. Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT 2) inhibitors (tetrabenazine, deutetrabenazine, valbenazine) are established symptomatic th...

Background: Brain metastases (BMs) are a common and challenging complication of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), historically associated with a poor prognosis. The development of targeted therapies, specifically tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) f...

Background: “Long COVID” refers to a condition in which individuals continue to experience persistent signs and symptoms even after recovering from the initial COVID-19 infection. Signs and symptoms that persist can affect multiple organs...

Background: Allergic diseases in early childhood are influenced by genetic predisposition and modifiable early-life exposures, including epigenetic mechanisms. Understanding the interplay between environmental factors and allergy development in child...

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to study the visual outcomes, changes in higher order aberration (HOA) and corneal densitometry after debridement and excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) for the treatment of Salzmann nodular degeneratio...

Background: Emotional eating (EmE) is a maladaptive eating behavior that has been frequently observed among university students, possibly due to academic stress and lifestyle changes. However, its specific assessment in health science students has be...

Background: Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumours secreting fibroblast growth factor 23 (hereinafter referred to as FGF23+ PMT) are rare neoplasms that can cause hypophosphataemic osteomalacia, owing to excessive FGF23 production. Mast cells (MCs) play a...

Background: RNF114 gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in immune signaling and regulation of inflammation. Genetic variants, particularly nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs), may interfere with protein function and cause i...

Background and Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency affects bone health and immune function, especially in children. While universal screening is not cost-effective, targeted screening and supplementation strategies have proven effective. This study eval...

Background: In exercise testing, the ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) and ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2) are used in lifestyle-related diseases, cardiac rehabilitation, and athletic training. We investigated a VT2 measuring method using a pulse oximeter....

Background: Cognitive and neuropsychological effects of cancer and its treatments have gained increasing attention over the past decade, with growing evidence of persistent deficits across multiple cancer types. While numerous studies have examined t...

Adoptive cell therapies (ACTs) have revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the specificity and potency of T lymphocytes. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have achieved landmark successes in B-cell malignancies and multiple myeloma. Tumo...

Background: The shortage of donor kidneys has prompted interest in using organs from donors with severe acute kidney injury (AKI), but robust data on outcomes from donors with AKIN stage 3 remain limited. Methods: This single-centre, retrospective co...

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoinflammatory rheumatic disease mainly affecting the sacroiliac joints and spine, causing altered bone remodeling. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-17 contribute to bone los...

Background/Objectives: Evidence from transcriptomic and histopathologic studies has revealed that peri-implantitis lesions are characterized by deeper inflammatory infiltration, increased immune cell accumulation, and distinctive molecular signatures...

Background: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a prevalent condition characterized by pelvic pain and urinary symptoms with multifactorial aetiology. Standard treatments, including alpha-blockers, often have limited long-te...

Background: Mitral valve prolapse is a common valvular heart disorder, usually associated with a benign prognosis in the absence of significant mitral regurgitation. However, a subset of patients is at increased risk for complex ventricular arrhythmi...

Aims: Surgery remains the only definitive treatment option for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), as no conclusive evidence supports drug effectiveness in preventing AAA growth. Although type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an important cardiovascular risk factor...

Background/Objectives: Renal failure (RF) and systolic heart failure (sHF) are very often associated with each other, and their synergistic influence can affect the prognosis of acute pulmonary embolism (aPE) patients. The aim of this study is to eva...

This review explores the impact of maternal obesity on pregnancy outcomes, emphasizing its significant global health challenge and profound implications for both mothers and infants. It influences the timing and mode of childbirth, elevating the risk...

Background: Preoperative stress is a multifactorial phenomenon shaped by physiological, psychological, and social influences, with a substantial impact on postoperative recovery. This study aimed to quantify preoperative stress levels, identify assoc...

Obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represent complex systemic disorders marked by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These pathophysiological p...

Background: Urgent care clinics (UCCs) embedded within primary healthcare settings play a vital role in managing acute, non-life-threatening conditions in children. However, limited data exist on medication prescribing patterns in such settings in th...

Background: Total arterial revascularization (TAR) may improve outcomes in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods: We retrospectively screened 574 adults with HFrEF (LVEF < 40%) unde...

Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously termed as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a growing global health concern, particularly in South Asia. While PNPLA3 is a well-recognized genetic c...

Diagnosis of clinical obesity has been highlighted by the recent publication from a Commission Report in The Lancet, suggesting the addition of a new diagnostic category, “Preclinical Obesity,” to the already existing ones. Diagnostic cri...

Background: Peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis and cirrhosis remains common and leads to morbidity. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been evaluated as a rapid adjunctive biomarker. Methods: Following PRISMA-DTA and PROSPERO regis...

Background/Objectives: The reciprocal relationship between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and pregnancy continues to elude the scientific community’s approaches for a clear understanding. Multiple studies have reached dissimilar results reg...

Background/Objectives: Minimally invasive cardiac surgical (MICS) approaches to the implantation of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have gained increasing interest as alternatives to full median sternotomy (FS), particularly in patients with...

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with carotid atherosclerosis being its key etiological factor. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) regulates intracellular signal pathways responsible for vascular changes and ischem...

Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder with highly variable progression and survival. Identifying early prognostic indicators is essential for patient stratification and management. Objectives: T...

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is a central feature in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and a major determinant of cardiovascular morbidity. While sociodemographic and lifestyle factors are established contributors, the role of social isol...

Background: Chronic pain represents a major therapeutic challenge due to the limited efficacy and tolerability of conventional pharmacological treatments. Equisetum arvense L., a medicinal plant with potent antioxidant properties, and palmitoylethano...

Background/Objectives: Tubal dysfunction may be a contributing factor in up to 35% of infertility cases, rendering tubal patency assessment a vital component of the infertility workup. In this review we examined the diagnostic efficacy and tolerabili...

Background: With the growing population requiring palliative care (PC), it is essential to enhance and expand the availability of this care in Portugal. Throughout both pre-graduate and post-graduate training for doctors, there are limited learning o...

Objective. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of lavender–neroli oil aromatherapy in managing dental anxiety and pain in children undergoing inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) anesthesia. Methods. Fifty-four children aged...

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and investigate the correlation between malnutrition and the decline of pulmonary function in this population. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the cli...

Background: The use of benzodiazepines among university students has been scarcely investigated. This situation raises particular concerns in medical students, due to their exposure to stressful situations and, especially, their familiarity with psyc...

Background/Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency is common in the Middle East, where it affects about 90% of the population. 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. plays a key role in immune function and antimicrobial defense. Its deficiency has been implicated i...

Objective: Fabry disease (FD) is a rare, X-linked lysosomal storage disorder resulting from deficient α-galactosidase A activity, which can manifest as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). We aimed to assess the prevalence of FD in an unselected...

Background: Acacia catechu is an important traditional medicinal plant that has been used to manage several ailments. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that it exhibits chemopreventive and antineoplastic effects by modulating divers...

Background: Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a major global health concern associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular morbidity. Early identification of at-risk individuals through si...

Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive malignancy with very poor survival. Prior research suggests rural–urban disparities on a regional scale. We aimed to elucidate these disparities in treatment and disease-specifi...

Background/Objectives: Early diagnosis of periodontitis remains challenging using traditional clinical methods. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) models trained on non-invasive...

Background/Objectives: Balance, postural control, and functional independence are essential components for the autonomy of people with neurological conditions. Robotic technologies such as the Lokomat^® have emerged as promising tools in rehabilit...

Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite and a major cause of diarrhea, especially in children and immunocompromised individuals. Despite evidence of its presence in Thailand, comprehensive national data remain limited. This systematic review and meta...