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Microorganisms
Volume 11
Issue 6
10.3390/microorganisms11061553
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Article

The Effect of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis Bi-26 on Simulated Infant Gut Microbiome and Metabolites

by
Krista Salli
1,*,
Johanna Hirvonen
1,
Heli Anglenius
1,
Ashley A. Hibberd
2,
Ilmari Ahonen
3,
Markku T. Saarinen
1,
Johanna Maukonen
1 and
Arthur C. Ouwehand
1
1
Global Health & Nutrition Science, IFF Health, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
2
Genomics & Microbiome Science, IFF Health, Madison, WI 53716, USA
3
Vincit Oy, 20500 Turku, Finland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2023, 11(6), 1553; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061553
Submission received: 12 May 2023 / Revised: 6 June 2023 / Accepted: 8 June 2023 / Published: 10 June 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Strategies in the Study of the Human Gut Microbiota)
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Abstract

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) shape the developing infant gut microbiota. In this study, a semi-continuous colon simulator was used to evaluate the effect of 2 HMOs—2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL)—on the composition of infant faecal microbiota and microbial metabolites. The simulations were performed with and without a probiotic Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis Bi-26 (Bi-26) and compared with a control that lacked an additional carbon source. The treatments with HMOs decreased α-diversity and increased Bifidobacterium species versus the control, but the Bifidobacterium species differed between simulations. The levels of acetic acid and the sum of all short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) trended toward an increase with 2′-FL, as did lactic acid with 2′-FL and 3-FL, compared with control. A clear correlation was seen between the consumption of HMOs and the increase in SCFAs (−0.72) and SCFAs + lactic acid (−0.77), whereas the correlation between HMO consumption and higher total bifidobacterial numbers was moderate (−0.46). Bi-26 decreased propionic acid levels with 2′-FL. In conclusion, whereas infant faecal microbiota varied between infant donors, the addition of 2′-FL and 3-FL, alone or in combination, increased the relative abundance and numbers Bifidobacterium species in the semi-continuous colon simulation model, correlating with the production of microbial metabolites. These findings may suggest that HMOs and probiotics benefit the developing infant gut microbiota.
Keywords: infant colon simulations; human milk oligosaccharides; probiotics; Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis Bi-26; 2′-fucosyllactose; 3-fucosyllactose infant colon simulations; human milk oligosaccharides; probiotics; Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis Bi-26; 2′-fucosyllactose; 3-fucosyllactose

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MDPI and ACS Style

Salli, K.; Hirvonen, J.; Anglenius, H.; Hibberd, A.A.; Ahonen, I.; Saarinen, M.T.; Maukonen, J.; Ouwehand, A.C. The Effect of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis Bi-26 on Simulated Infant Gut Microbiome and Metabolites. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 1553. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061553

AMA Style

Salli K, Hirvonen J, Anglenius H, Hibberd AA, Ahonen I, Saarinen MT, Maukonen J, Ouwehand AC. The Effect of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis Bi-26 on Simulated Infant Gut Microbiome and Metabolites. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(6):1553. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061553

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salli, Krista, Johanna Hirvonen, Heli Anglenius, Ashley A. Hibberd, Ilmari Ahonen, Markku T. Saarinen, Johanna Maukonen, and Arthur C. Ouwehand. 2023. "The Effect of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis Bi-26 on Simulated Infant Gut Microbiome and Metabolites" Microorganisms 11, no. 6: 1553. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061553

APA Style

Salli, K., Hirvonen, J., Anglenius, H., Hibberd, A. A., Ahonen, I., Saarinen, M. T., Maukonen, J., & Ouwehand, A. C. (2023). The Effect of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis Bi-26 on Simulated Infant Gut Microbiome and Metabolites. Microorganisms, 11(6), 1553. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061553

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