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Volume 16
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10.3390/buildings16040829
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Article

Application of Engineered Cementitious Composites Reinforced with Orthogonal Welded Steel Mesh in Enhancing Axial Performance of Reinforced Concrete Walls: Experimental and Numerical Analysis

by
Ahmed Hamoda
1,
Mizan Ahmed
2,*,
Mohammed Ghalla
1,
Sabry Fayed
1 and
Aref A. Abadel
3
1
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 6860404, Egypt
2
Centre for Infrastructure Monitoring and Protection, School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
3
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Buildings 2026, 16(4), 829; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16040829
Submission received: 9 January 2026 / Revised: 7 February 2026 / Accepted: 17 February 2026 / Published: 18 February 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Building Structures)
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Abstract

Reinforced concrete (RC) walls are designed to carry vertical and horizontal loads which may need to be rehabilitated and strengthened to enhance their load-bearing capacity due to increased loading demands, environmental factors, or lateral forces. This study proposes strengthening RC walls using sustainable engineered cementitious composite (ECC) material reinforced with welded steel mesh (WSM). An experimental program was carried out on six RC walls strengthened using the proposed method to explore the effects of the thickness of the ECC layer, and the number of WSM on their axial performance. The ECC strengthening layer was reinforced with one, two, and three layers of WSM. The thicknesses of the ECC layer varied from 10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm. It was found that the proposed strengthening method significantly improved cracking control, elastic stiffness, energy absorption, failure modes, and ultimate load capacity. The strengthening technique improved the ultimate loading capacity between a range of 8% to 41%. Similarly, the energy absorption of the wall increases between a range of 60–175%. In addition, nonlinear finite element models were designed and validated against the experimental data. The validated model was used to perform a parametric study.
Keywords: reinforced concrete walls; structural strengthening; engineered cementitious composite; finite element model reinforced concrete walls; structural strengthening; engineered cementitious composite; finite element model

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hamoda, A.; Ahmed, M.; Ghalla, M.; Fayed, S.; Abadel, A.A. Application of Engineered Cementitious Composites Reinforced with Orthogonal Welded Steel Mesh in Enhancing Axial Performance of Reinforced Concrete Walls: Experimental and Numerical Analysis. Buildings 2026, 16, 829. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16040829

AMA Style

Hamoda A, Ahmed M, Ghalla M, Fayed S, Abadel AA. Application of Engineered Cementitious Composites Reinforced with Orthogonal Welded Steel Mesh in Enhancing Axial Performance of Reinforced Concrete Walls: Experimental and Numerical Analysis. Buildings. 2026; 16(4):829. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16040829

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hamoda, Ahmed, Mizan Ahmed, Mohammed Ghalla, Sabry Fayed, and Aref A. Abadel. 2026. "Application of Engineered Cementitious Composites Reinforced with Orthogonal Welded Steel Mesh in Enhancing Axial Performance of Reinforced Concrete Walls: Experimental and Numerical Analysis" Buildings 16, no. 4: 829. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16040829

APA Style

Hamoda, A., Ahmed, M., Ghalla, M., Fayed, S., & Abadel, A. A. (2026). Application of Engineered Cementitious Composites Reinforced with Orthogonal Welded Steel Mesh in Enhancing Axial Performance of Reinforced Concrete Walls: Experimental and Numerical Analysis. Buildings, 16(4), 829. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16040829

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