Online Gaming and Healthy Lifestyles: A Qualitative Study of Gamers in Saudi Arabia
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Sampling and Recruitment
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Interview Guide
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Theme 1: The Concept of a “Healthy Lifestyle”
“Healthy lifestyle? I think a healthy lifestyle, since I am an employee and married, is a balanced life between work, home, health, and proper nutrition.”(P6, male, 32–28 years)
“Having a good sleep would reflect on the rest of your day.”(P19, male, 25–31 years)
“The concept of a healthy life is a life free of psychological issues, a productive life, a life with inner happiness, even if there are problems, solutions are available … A life free from stress and anxiety, this what a good healthy life means to me.”(P9, female, 32–38 years)
“I was antisocial before, but now I am trying to fix this, and I have improved a lot. I think if someone is social, it has a great impact on the person’s mental health, instead of not being in contact with people and sitting in the same place, or even depending on communicating with people on social media or other things, which is a different experience from what it actually is in reality … We must return to meeting face-to-face … it could help a person’s mentality, way of thinking, or psychological health.”(P20, male, 25–31 years)
3.1.1. Definition of “Healthy Diet”
“P12: It will be a healthy diet with high protein and low carbohydrates.”
“P12: It has to be low in fat.”(P12, female, 25–31 years)
“What is healthy food for me? Food that contains suitable calories, meaning that it is balanced according to the food pyramid, so the percentage of proteins is high and a quarter of the meal is carbohydrates, and fruits and vegetables are also part of the meal.”(P9, female, 32–38 years old)
“I see the value of dieting only when needed. I mean, like a diet, it is a commitment. It should be done only if you need it if your health depends on it, or if you have a chronic disease, like diabetes or those who have severe obesity, they are the only ones who need to follow a specific dietary pattern. But disease-free people don’t need a strict diet; they only need a balanced diet.”(P5, Male, 25–31 years)
3.1.2. Definition of “Physical Activity”
“Physical activity is not only going to the gym; no, you may not necessarily participate in any exercise, but you can take a walk, walk in your house, on the street, walk in the street, any form of activity… I think physical activity is any bodily movement.”(P13, female, 32–38 years)
“It is not necessary exercises, for example, barbell exercises or other things. I think that the most important thing is that one should be able to move, even if, for example, in the week you play a certain sport, such as padel or tennis, or some people like to walk. What I am trying to do is if there is an elevator or there are stairs, I try not to always rely on the elevator. My body gets used to movement. I find that this can help. It means that the body gets used to movement, not laziness.”(P20, male, 25–31 years)
“We need to learn how to properly sit, what is the best way for sitting while playing. Most people sit in a chair for long periods. Too much sitting can be harmful.”(P2, Male, 25–31 years)
3.2. Theme 2: A Healthy Lifestyle Is “Difficult but Not Impossible”
3.2.1. Personal Factors
“Frankly, laziness plays a big role; it is supposed to be easy, but one should be able to motivate oneself and always have a strong will.”(P5, male, 25–31 years)
“Interviewer: What encourages you to follow a healthy lifestyle? What are your reasons?
P12: When I see the results. The results include health, skin, and weight loss.”(P12, female, 25–31 years)
“If someone is not used to meeting people and wants to succeed in this matter [esport], if he is a professional and wants to succeed, focusing on his training means not meeting a lot of people, which affects his performance. I mean, mentally, he won’t be confident in himself and anxious. It’s all affected.”(P20)
“Video games and PlayStation are factors. Many people waste time playing video games instead of going to the gym. But I have good time management skills. I really value my time.”(P13, female, 32–38 years old)
3.2.2. Social Factors
“Honestly, if a friend joins as well, for example, then I would commit to the gym. So, each one will encourage the other. I see that a friend or a companion is a motivating factor.”(P13, female, 32–38 years old)
“Interviewer: What is the biggest challenge [in following a healthy lifestyle]?
P4: I mean, there are many temptations, many temptations, many restaurants, many new things, many trends, yes, my whole community, there are always gatherings, so I am affected by that.”(P4, male, 25–31 years)
“P3: To me, I am honestly affected by social media. I try to ignore it, but I visually enjoy the content (laughs). The number of advertisements and the way they are presented. It is usually unhealthy food, full of bad food.”
Interviewer: If you saw these pictures or videos, would you order them?
P3: Probably I will.”(P3, male, 32–38 years)
3.2.3. Environmental Factors
“Also, there is the cost issue because there are ready-made meals. For example, you only need a microwave, which is available in supermarkets, but it is a little expensive, so this is another factor in terms of cost.”(P10, male, 25–31 years)
“Interviewer: What obstacles make it difficult for you to engage in a healthy lifestyle?
P2: The distance, gym distance. Most of the gyms are far away from my home. So far away that I cannot go. If I could go to the gym on foot, I would. I would have walked.”(P2, male, 25–31 years)
“Currently, with the pressures of life, with work … the presence of family obligations at home… the fast-paced lifestyle that means a person is not able to cook healthy food, so we are forced to order food. With the ease of use of food delivery applications, we eat junk food.”(P9, female, 32–38 years)
3.3. Theme 3: Behaviour Change Interventions Needed
3.3.1. Where
“If I had, I could go in the middle of work at break time, right!”(P9, female, 32–38 years)
“In schools and universities, I think they have the largest group of gamers there. For example, a lot of things start after university. For example, with work, the concentration and interest in games diminishes, although in many cases, I follow gamers and adults sometimes, meaning the ages of 30 and 40 continue to play, but I see that schools and universities are good places.”(P18, male, 18–24 years)
“Malls, because this is where if we want to have fun, we and our family go out there”.(P6, male, 32–38 years)
“For me, workplaces are not suitable for this type of activity. It could be delivered in parks and complexes that people visit for recreation. It can stimulate them, meaning it will be their free time, and it encourages them to do something.”(P14, female, 25–31 years)
3.3.2. How
“Because face-to-face may be somewhat obligatory, and you must be engaged. But when it is given virtually, you may be less interested. For example, you would turn on the program and be distracted by your phone. When it’s face-to-face, you can be more focused.”(P18, male, 18–24 years)
“It doesn’t make a difference. Even if it was provided through Zoom, it might even become easier. Considering traffic and the crowded streets. I mean, let’s be honest, all you have to do is log in to a Zoom call.”(P13, female, 32–38 years old)
“YouTube and TikTok … of course, give short messages quickly. You see, it is really important to add it to TikTok. You can start with TikTok, and then you can add longer clips (videos) on YouTube.”(P5, male, 25–31 years)
“I also expect privacy to play a big role. If someone cares about privacy or wants to ask private questions.”(P5, male, 25–31 years)
“I think groups are best so people can get more excited and motivated.”(P3, male, 32–38 years)
“It is a group that if a person is not paying attention, they will be noticed… let’s say, for example, that there are ten of us sitting like this, in front of you at a meeting table. It makes it very difficult for you not to pay attention.”(P19, male, 25–31 years)
“The program can start individually so I can understand my situation better, but I don’t like to be alone all the time. I like groups, and having competition is also nice. Yes, the group spirit is nice, but I would like to understand my situation individually.”(P9, female, 32–38 years)
“I think these programs would have better value at a younger age… that’s why educating parents is also very important. They need to take part in these programs.”(P18, male, 18–24 years)
“If there are prizes that are not financial, but they were prizes, any incentive. For example… a gym would offer someone a one-week free membership if they showed health improvement. This would encourage someone to go, even if they were not interested. For example, they will try harder so that they would at least take the free membership.”(P10, male, 25–31 years)
3.3.3. When
“In the morning, I feel like my brain is more receptive than at night.”(P11, female, 25–31 years)
“I mean, let it be in the middle of a week, meaning let us say any time from Sunday to Thursday, people have fewer social commitments during the week.”(P9, female, 32–38 years)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
COM-B | Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour |
NCD | Non-Communicable Diseases |
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COM-B | Questions |
---|---|
Capability | - What does a “healthy lifestyle” mean to you? - Describe your understanding of healthy eating. - What is your understanding of physical activity? |
Opportunity | - In general, as a video gamer, what factors make it easier or more difficult to adopt a healthy lifestyle? - Are your diet and health-related decisions influenced by advice or guidance from others? - What obstacles do you face when trying to improve your diet and increase your physical activity? For example: Time? Cost? Knowledge? Influence of others? |
Motivation | - How satisfied are you with your diet? - How satisfied are you with your physical activity? - What solutions would you like to use to help improve your healthy lifestyle? |
Characteristics | n |
---|---|
Gender | |
Male | 14 |
Female | 6 |
Age group | |
18–24 years | 4 |
25–31 years | 12 |
32–38 years | 4 |
Marital status | |
Single | 17 |
Married | 2 |
Divorced | 1 |
Employment | |
Full-time employment | 12 |
Seeking employment | 3 |
Student | 3 |
Unemployed | 2 |
Type of esports | |
Professional player | 2 |
Amateur player | 10 |
Gamer | 8 |
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Almuhtadi, Y.; Alageel, S. Online Gaming and Healthy Lifestyles: A Qualitative Study of Gamers in Saudi Arabia. Societies 2025, 15, 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040107
Almuhtadi Y, Alageel S. Online Gaming and Healthy Lifestyles: A Qualitative Study of Gamers in Saudi Arabia. Societies. 2025; 15(4):107. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040107
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmuhtadi, Yara, and Samah Alageel. 2025. "Online Gaming and Healthy Lifestyles: A Qualitative Study of Gamers in Saudi Arabia" Societies 15, no. 4: 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040107
APA StyleAlmuhtadi, Y., & Alageel, S. (2025). Online Gaming and Healthy Lifestyles: A Qualitative Study of Gamers in Saudi Arabia. Societies, 15(4), 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040107