Axioms, Volume 13, Issue 2

In this paper, we investigate an application of the statistical concept of causality, based on Granger’s definition of causality, on raw increasing processes as well as on optional and predictable measures. A raw increasing process is optional...

This paper introduces the concept of equivalence operators based on overlap and grouping functions where the associativity property is not strongly required. Overlap functions and grouping functions are weaker than positive and continuous t-norms and...

The cubic structure, a captivating geometric structure, finds applications across various areas of geometry through different models. In this paper, we explore the significant characteristics of tangentials in cubic structures of ranks 0, 1, and 2. S...

Multi-parameter families of Lax pairs for the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation are defined by applying a direct method developed in the present study. The gauge transformations, converting the defined Lax pairs to some simpler forms, are fo...

We extend previous research to derive three additional M-1-dimensional integral representations over the interval [0,1]. The prior version covered the interval [0,∞]. This extension applies to products of M Slater orbitals, since they (and wave...

We investigate the existence of solutions to the scalar field equation −Δu=g(u)−λuinRN, with mass constraint ∫RN|u|2dx=a>0,u∈H1(RN). Here, N≥3; g is a continuous function satisfying the conditions of the Berest...

This research introduces a rule-based decision-making model to investigate corporate governance, which has garnered increasing attention within financial markets. However, the existing corporate governance model developed by the Security and Future I...

A mutator is a variant in a population of organisms whose mutation rate is higher than the average mutation rate in the population. For genetic and population dynamics reasons, mutators are produced and survive with much greater frequency than anti-m...

In this paper, the robustness of a system with sundry disturbed open loop dynamics is investigated by employing robust right coprime factorization (RRCF). These sundry disturbed open loop dynamics are present not only in the feed forward path, but al...

The deterministic SIR model for disease spread in a closed population is extended to allow infected individuals to recover to the susceptible state. This extension preserves the second constant of motion, i.e., a functional relationship of susceptibl...