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Symmetry, Volume 13, Issue 12

December 2021 - 221 articles

Cover Story: Laws of large numbers (LLNs) are theorems of great importance for probability and chance theory. Within chance theory the notion of an uncertain random variable was defined to model phenomena where both uncertainty and randomness are present. This work considers uncertain random variables as functions of random variables and uncertain variables, introduced within uncertainty theory. Sequences of uncertain random variables are defined for a fixed continuous function, strictly monotone with respect to its second argument, as are sequences of pairwise independent or independent, identically distributed random variables and regular, independent, and identically distributed uncertain variables. Some LLNs for such defined sequences of uncertain random variables are formulated and proven. Two of their counterparts for uncertain variables are also discussed. View this paper
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Articles (221)

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,212 Views
15 Pages

16 December 2021

When the response variable is defined on the (0,1) interval, the beta and simplex regression models are commonly used by researchers. However, there is no software support for these models to make their implementation easy for researchers. In this st...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,334 Views
23 Pages

Applying GMEI-GAN to Generate Meaningful Encrypted Images in Reversible Data Hiding Techniques

  • Chwei-Shyong Tsai,
  • Hsien-Chu Wu,
  • Yu-Wen Li and
  • Josh Jia-Ching Ying

16 December 2021

With the rapid development of information technology, the transmission of information has become convenient. In order to prevent the leakage of information, information security should be valued. Therefore, the data hiding technique has become a popu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,512 Views
8 Pages

15 December 2021

As a mathematical tool to rationally handle degrees of belief in human beings, uncertainty theory has been widely applied in the research and development of various domains, including science and engineering. As a fundamental part of uncertainty theo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
57 Citations
6,136 Views
36 Pages

15 December 2021

Smartphones have become an inevitable part of every facet of modern society. The selection of a particular smartphone brand from multiple options that are available is a complex and dynamic decision-making problem, involving multiple conflicting crit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
2,591 Views
20 Pages

Some New Reverse Hilbert’s Inequalities on Time Scales

  • Ghada AlNemer,
  • Ahmed I. Saied,
  • Mohammed Zakarya,
  • Hoda A. Abd El-Hamid,
  • Omar Bazighifan and
  • Haytham M. Rezk

15 December 2021

This paper is interested in establishing some new reverse Hilbert-type inequalities, by using chain rule on time scales, reverse Jensen’s, and reverse Hölder’s with Specht’s ratio and mean inequalities. To get the results, we u...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,626 Views
11 Pages

15 December 2021

Investigation of the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) plays an important part in the prevention and treatment of CVD. This study investigated whether alteration in the multi-scale time irreversibility of sleeping heart rate v...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,449 Views
16 Pages

Key Concepts of Systemological Approach to CPS Adaptive Information Security Monitoring

  • Maria Poltavtseva,
  • Alexander Shelupanov,
  • Dmitriy Bragin,
  • Dmitry Zegzhda and
  • Elena Alexandrova

15 December 2021

Modern cyber-physical systems (CPS) use digital control of physical processes. This allows attackers to conduct various cyberattacks on these systems. According to the current trends, an information security monitoring system (ISMS) becomes part of a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,208 Views
23 Pages

The Multi-Compartment SI(RD) Model with Regime Switching: An Application to COVID-19 Pandemic

  • Manuel L. Esquível,
  • Nadezhda P. Krasii,
  • Gracinda R. Guerreiro and
  • Paula Patrício

15 December 2021

We study—with existence and unicity results—a variant of the SIR model for an infectious disease incorporating both the possibility of a death outcome—in a short period of time—and a regime switch that can account for the miti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
3,496 Views
17 Pages

15 December 2021

This article developed a functional integration matrix via the Hermite wavelets and proposed a novel technique called the Hermite wavelet collocation method (HWM). Here, we studied two models: the coupled system of an ordinary differential equation (...

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Symmetry - ISSN 2073-8994