Potential Benefits of Managed Aquifer Recharge MAR on the Island of Gotland, Sweden
1
Geological Survey of Sweden, Lund/Uppsala/Gothenburg, Sweden (SGU); Villavägen 18, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
2
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 223 70 Lund, Sweden
3
Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2019, 11(10), 2164; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11102164
Received: 6 August 2019 / Revised: 15 October 2019 / Accepted: 16 October 2019 / Published: 17 October 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Managed Aquifer Recharge for Water Resilience)
The Island of Gotland (3000 km2), east of mainland Sweden, suffers from insufficient water availability each summer. Thin soils and lack of coherent reservoirs in the sedimentary bedrock lead to limited reservoir capacity. The feasibility of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is explored by identifying suitable areas and estimating their possible contribution to an increased water availability. MAR is compared to alternative water management measures, e.g., increased groundwater abstraction, in terms of costs and water availability potential. Results from GIS analyses of infiltration areas and groundwater storage, respectively proximity to surface water sources and surface water storage were classified into three categories of MAR suitability. An area of ca 7700 ha (2.5% of Gotland) was found to have good local conditions for MAR and an area of ca 22,700 ha (7.5% of Gotland) was found to have moderate local conditions for MAR. These results reveal the MAR potential on Gotland. The water supply potential of MAR in existing well fields was estimated to be about 35% of the forecasted drinking water supply and 7% of the total water demand gap in year 2045. It is similar in costs and water supply potential to increased surface water extraction.
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Keywords:
MAR; groundwater; mapping; Sweden; decision-support
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MDPI and ACS Style
Dahlqvist, P.; Sjöstrand, K.; Lindhe, A.; Rosén, L.; Nisell, J.; Hellstrand, E.; Holgersson, B. Potential Benefits of Managed Aquifer Recharge MAR on the Island of Gotland, Sweden. Water 2019, 11, 2164. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11102164
AMA Style
Dahlqvist P, Sjöstrand K, Lindhe A, Rosén L, Nisell J, Hellstrand E, Holgersson B. Potential Benefits of Managed Aquifer Recharge MAR on the Island of Gotland, Sweden. Water. 2019; 11(10):2164. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11102164
Chicago/Turabian StyleDahlqvist, Peter; Sjöstrand, Karin; Lindhe, Andreas; Rosén, Lars; Nisell, Jakob; Hellstrand, Eva; Holgersson, Björn. 2019. "Potential Benefits of Managed Aquifer Recharge MAR on the Island of Gotland, Sweden" Water 11, no. 10: 2164. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11102164
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