Specificity of Thermal Destruction of Nonwoven Mixture Systems Based on Bast and Viscose Fibers

Kalauova, Altynay S.; Palchikova, Ekaterina E.; Makarov, Igor S.; Shandryuk, Georgiy A.; Abilkhairov, Amangeldi I.; Kalimanova, Danagul Zh.; Naukenov, Meirbek Zh.; Shambilova, Gulbarshin K.; Novikov, Egor M.; Song, Junlong; Smyslov, Alexander G.

doi:10.3390/polym17091223

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Specificity of Thermal Destruction of Nonwoven Mixture Systems Based on Bast and Viscose Fibers

by

Altynay S. Kalauova

¹,

Ekaterina E. Palchikova

^2,*

,

Igor S. Makarov

^2,*,

Georgiy A. Shandryuk

²,

Amangeldi I. Abilkhairov

³,

Danagul Zh. Kalimanova

¹,

Meirbek Zh. Naukenov

⁴,

Gulbarshin K. Shambilova

^1,3,

Egor M. Novikov

⁵

,

Junlong Song

⁶

and

Alexander G. Smyslov

²

¹

Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Kh. Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University, Studenchesky Ave., 1, Atyrau 060011, Kazakhstan

²

A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia

³

Institute of Petrochemical Engineering and Ecology Named After N.K. Nadirov, Atyrau Oil and Gas University Named After S. Utebayev, M. Baimukhanov Street, 45A, Atyrau 060027, Kazakhstan

⁴

LLP «Kazakhstan Petrochemical Industries Inc.», Atyrau-Dossor Highway Building, 295, Atyrau 060000, Kazakhstan

⁵

Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM 87701, USA

⁶

International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Polymers 2025, 17(9), 1223; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091223 (registering DOI)

Submission received: 25 March 2025 / Revised: 25 April 2025 / Accepted: 27 April 2025 / Published: 29 April 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Fiber-Based Green Materials, Second Edition)

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Abstract

The research investigates the thermal behavior of mixed systems based on natural and artificial cellulose fibers used as precursors for carbon nonwoven materials. Flax and hemp fibers were employed as natural components; they were first chemically treated to remove impurities and enriched with alpha-cellulose. The structure, chemical composition, and mechanical properties of both natural and viscose fibers were studied. It was shown that fiber properties depend on the fiber production process history; natural fibers are characterized by a high content of impurities and exhibit high strength characteristics, whereas viscose fibers have greater deformation properties. The thermal behavior of blended compositions was investigated using TGA and DSC methods across a wide range of component ratios. Carbon yield values at 1000 °C were found to be lower for blended systems containing 10–40% by weight of bast fibers, with carbon yield increasing as the quantity of natural fibers increased. Thus, the composition of the cellulose composite affects carbon yield and thermal processes in the system. Using the Kissinger method, data were obtained on the value of the activation energy of thermal decomposition for various cellulose and composite systems. It was found that natural fiber systems have three-times higher activation energy than viscose fiber systems, indicating their greater thermal stability. Blends of natural and artificial fibers combine the benefits of both precursors, enabling the deliberate regulation of thermal behavior and carbon material yield. This approach opens up prospects for the creation of functional carbon materials used in various high-tech areas, including thermal insulation.

Keywords: viscose; flax; hemp; cellulose fibers; nonwoven materials; pyrolysis; carbon yield; activation energy; Kissinger method

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kalauova, A.S.; Palchikova, E.E.; Makarov, I.S.; Shandryuk, G.A.; Abilkhairov, A.I.; Kalimanova, D.Z.; Naukenov, M.Z.; Shambilova, G.K.; Novikov, E.M.; Song, J.; et al. Specificity of Thermal Destruction of Nonwoven Mixture Systems Based on Bast and Viscose Fibers. Polymers 2025, 17, 1223. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091223

AMA Style

Kalauova AS, Palchikova EE, Makarov IS, Shandryuk GA, Abilkhairov AI, Kalimanova DZ, Naukenov MZ, Shambilova GK, Novikov EM, Song J, et al. Specificity of Thermal Destruction of Nonwoven Mixture Systems Based on Bast and Viscose Fibers. Polymers. 2025; 17(9):1223. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091223

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kalauova, Altynay S., Ekaterina E. Palchikova, Igor S. Makarov, Georgiy A. Shandryuk, Amangeldi I. Abilkhairov, Danagul Zh. Kalimanova, Meirbek Zh. Naukenov, Gulbarshin K. Shambilova, Egor M. Novikov, Junlong Song, and et al. 2025. "Specificity of Thermal Destruction of Nonwoven Mixture Systems Based on Bast and Viscose Fibers" Polymers 17, no. 9: 1223. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091223

APA Style

Kalauova, A. S., Palchikova, E. E., Makarov, I. S., Shandryuk, G. A., Abilkhairov, A. I., Kalimanova, D. Z., Naukenov, M. Z., Shambilova, G. K., Novikov, E. M., Song, J., & Smyslov, A. G. (2025). Specificity of Thermal Destruction of Nonwoven Mixture Systems Based on Bast and Viscose Fibers. Polymers, 17(9), 1223. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091223

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Specificity of Thermal Destruction of Nonwoven Mixture Systems Based on Bast and Viscose Fibers

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