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Polymers
Volume 17
Issue 9
10.3390/polym17091224
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Bond Strength of Universal Adhesive/Resin Cement Combinations Relying on Touch-Cure Mechanisms

by
Annamaria Forte
1,
Eugenia Baena
2,
Claudia Mazzitelli
1,*,
Edoardo Mancuso
1,*,
Diego D’Urso
1,
Gerardo Pellegrino
1,
Laura Ceballos
2,
Lorenzo Breschi
1,
Annalisa Mazzoni
1 and
Tatjana Maravic
1
1
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy
2
IDIBO Research Group, Nursing and Stomatology Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, 28922 Madrid, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2025, 17(9), 1224; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091224 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 19 March 2025 / Revised: 9 April 2025 / Accepted: 26 April 2025 / Published: 29 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Applications)
Versions Notes

Abstract

New dual-curing resin cements are constantly launched into the market to improve the bond strength between dentine and indirect restorations when light irradiation is limited by the restoration material. The present study evaluated the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of two dual-cured resin cements, Estecem II Plus (EP) and Variolink Esthetic DC (VAR), when resin composite or dentine substrates were conditioned with their corresponding universal adhesives, Tokuyama Universal Bond II (TUB) and Adhese Universal DC (ADH). The experimental groups (n = 20) were (1) TUB/EP light-cured, (2) TUB/EP self-cured, (3) ADH/VAR light-cured, and (4) ADH/VAR self-cured. A μSBS test was performed after 24 h (T0) or after thermocycling (TC), and failure modes were assessed. Data analysis was performed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). In composite, TUB/EP self-cured demonstrated the highest μSBS at T0 and TC. After TC, TUB/EP self-cured and ADH/VAR light-cured remained stable (p > 0.05). In dentine, TUB/EP light-cured was statistically superior to TUB/EP self-cured and ADH/VAR self-cured at T0. Thermocycling decreased the μSBS of light-curing groups. TUB/EP achieved optimal μSBS when the manufacturer’s instructions were followed and the adhesive was self-cured, irrespective of the bonding substrate. However, ADH/VAR was more dependent on the type of bonding substrate than on the curing mode of the resin cement.
Keywords: resin cement; universal adhesive; dual-curing; self-curing; bond strength; touch-cure polymerization; silane resin cement; universal adhesive; dual-curing; self-curing; bond strength; touch-cure polymerization; silane

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MDPI and ACS Style

Forte, A.; Baena, E.; Mazzitelli, C.; Mancuso, E.; D’Urso, D.; Pellegrino, G.; Ceballos, L.; Breschi, L.; Mazzoni, A.; Maravic, T. Bond Strength of Universal Adhesive/Resin Cement Combinations Relying on Touch-Cure Mechanisms. Polymers 2025, 17, 1224. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091224

AMA Style

Forte A, Baena E, Mazzitelli C, Mancuso E, D’Urso D, Pellegrino G, Ceballos L, Breschi L, Mazzoni A, Maravic T. Bond Strength of Universal Adhesive/Resin Cement Combinations Relying on Touch-Cure Mechanisms. Polymers. 2025; 17(9):1224. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091224

Chicago/Turabian Style

Forte, Annamaria, Eugenia Baena, Claudia Mazzitelli, Edoardo Mancuso, Diego D’Urso, Gerardo Pellegrino, Laura Ceballos, Lorenzo Breschi, Annalisa Mazzoni, and Tatjana Maravic. 2025. "Bond Strength of Universal Adhesive/Resin Cement Combinations Relying on Touch-Cure Mechanisms" Polymers 17, no. 9: 1224. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091224

APA Style

Forte, A., Baena, E., Mazzitelli, C., Mancuso, E., D’Urso, D., Pellegrino, G., Ceballos, L., Breschi, L., Mazzoni, A., & Maravic, T. (2025). Bond Strength of Universal Adhesive/Resin Cement Combinations Relying on Touch-Cure Mechanisms. Polymers, 17(9), 1224. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091224

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