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Toxins, Volume 7, Issue 3

March 2015 - 24 articles

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Articles (24)

  • Review
  • Open Access
149 Citations
20,286 Views
23 Pages

Cholera Toxin B: One Subunit with Many Pharmaceutical Applications

  • Keegan J. Baldauf,
  • Joshua M. Royal,
  • Krystal Teasley Hamorsky and
  • Nobuyuki Matoba

20 March 2015

Cholera, a waterborne acute diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae, remains prevalent in underdeveloped countries and is a serious health threat to those living in unsanitary conditions. The major virulence factor is cholera toxin (CT), which co...

  • Article
  • Open Access
121 Citations
9,548 Views
8 Pages

Further Evidence for Staphylococcal Food Poisoning Outbreaks Caused by egc-Encoded Enterotoxins

  • Sophia Johler,
  • Petra Giannini,
  • Marco Jermini,
  • Jörg Hummerjohann,
  • Andreas Baumgartner and
  • Roger Stephan

20 March 2015

Staphylococcal food poisoning represents the most prevalent foodborne intoxication worldwide. It is caused by oral intake of enterotoxins preformed by Staphylococcus aureus in food. The relevance of newly described enterotoxins in outbreaks of staphy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
10,723 Views
19 Pages

The Importance of Lake Sediments as a Pathway for Microcystin Dynamics in Shallow Eutrophic Lakes

  • Haihong Song,
  • Liah X. Coggins,
  • Elke S. Reichwaldt and
  • Anas Ghadouani

18 March 2015

Microcystins are toxins produced by cyanobacteria. They occur in aquatic systems across the world and their occurrence is expected to increase in frequency and magnitude. As microcystins are hazardous to humans and animals, it is essential to unders...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
9,329 Views
17 Pages

18 March 2015

Pathogenesis of cholera diarrhea requires cholera toxin (CT)-mediated adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation of stimulatory G protein (Gsα) in enterocytes. CT is an AB5 toxin with an inactive CTA1 domain linked via CTA2 to a pentameric receptor-bin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
57 Citations
17,244 Views
15 Pages

Firing the Sting: Chemically Induced Discharge of Cnidae Reveals Novel Proteins and Peptides from Box Jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri) Venom

  • Mahdokht Jouiaei,
  • Nicholas R. Casewell,
  • Angel A. Yanagihara,
  • Amanda Nouwens,
  • Bronwen W. Cribb,
  • Darryl Whitehead,
  • Timothy N. W. Jackson,
  • Syed A. Ali,
  • Simon C. Wagstaff and
  • Ivan Koludarov
  • + 3 authors

18 March 2015

Cnidarian venom research has lagged behind other toxinological fields due to technical difficulties in recovery of the complex venom from the microscopic nematocysts. Here we report a newly developed rapid, repeatable and cost effective technique of...

  • Review
  • Open Access
30 Citations
8,194 Views
20 Pages

18 March 2015

Amphibian skin secretion has great potential for drug discovery and contributes hundreds of bioactive peptides including bradykinin-related peptides (BRPs). More than 50 BRPs have been reported in the last two decades arising from the skin secretion...

  • Review
  • Open Access
38 Citations
8,160 Views
27 Pages

Emergent Toxins in North Atlantic Temperate Waters: A Challenge for Monitoring Programs and Legislation

  • Marisa Silva,
  • Vijaya K. Pratheepa,
  • Luis M. Botana and
  • Vitor Vasconcelos

16 March 2015

Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) are complex to manage due to their intermittent nature and their severe impact on the economy and human health. The conditions which promote HAB have not yet been fully explained, though climate change and anthropogenic int...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
7,017 Views
14 Pages

16 March 2015

The eggs of black widow spider (L. tredecimguttatus) have been demonstrated to be rich in toxic proteinaceous components. The study on such active components is of theoretical and practical importance. In the present work, using a combination of mult...

  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
9,151 Views
13 Pages

13 March 2015

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is caused by the degeneration of lower and upper motor neurons, leading to muscle paralysis and respiratory failure. However, there is no effective drug or therapy to treat ALS. Complementary and alternative medici...

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Toxins - ISSN 2072-6651