Text Correction
The following two errors were identified in the main text [1]:
- In the Results section (3.1. Participant Characteristics, fifth sentence): A factual error was found regarding the prevalence of Vitamin D (VD) deficiency. The original statement incorrectly indicated that “The VD deficiency prevalence was highest in summer and fall and decreased with age, and was most prevalent in the 18–44 age group”. This has been corrected to state that “The VD deficiency was actually lowest in summer and fall, and while it did decrease with age, it remained most prevalent in the 18–44 age group”.
- In the Discussion section (second sentence): There was an error due to a misalignment of data in Table 1. The initial version incorrectly reported the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) as 26.9%. This has been amended to the correct prevalence of 27.5%.
Errors in Tables
In the original publication, the following mistakes were also present in Tables 1 and S1:
In Table 1, the outcomes for “High Triglycerides, Low HDL-C, Hypertension, and Hyperglycemia” were not correctly aligned with their respective variables.
In Table S1, data related to “Age: 18–44, 45–59; Metabolic Syndrome” was misaligned.
The corrected version of Table 1 and Table S1 are provided below.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants based on quartiles (Q) of serum 25(OH)D levels.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants based on quartiles (Q) of serum 25(OH)D levels.
| Variables | Overall | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 23,810 | 6663 | 6172 | 5865 | 5110 | |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.490 | |||||
| Male | 12,596 (52.9) | 3539 (53.1) | 3246 (52.6) | 3068 (52.3) | 2743 (53.7) | |
| Female | 11,214 (47.1) | 3124 (46.9) | 2926 (47.4) | 2797 (47.7) | 2367 (46.3) | |
| Age, y | 43.6 (13.3) | 43.9 (13.3) | 43.7 (13.4) | 43.4 (13.3) | 43.3 (13.2) | 0.028 |
| Age, n (%) | 0.278 | |||||
| 18–44 | 12,366 (51.9) | 3384 (50.8) | 3199 (51.8) | 3093 (52.7) | 2690 (52.6) | |
| 45–59 | 8544 (35.9) | 2442 (36.7) | 2205 (35.7) | 2069 (35.3) | 1828 (35.8) | |
| ≥60 | 2900 (12.2) | 837 (12.6) | 768 (12.4) | 703 (12.0) | 592 (11.6) | |
| Season, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Spring | 3879 (16.3) | 1348 (20.2) | 1019 (16.5) | 862 (14.7) | 650 (12.7) | |
| Summer | 6131 (25.7) | 1127 (16.9) | 1510 (24.5) | 1786 (30.5) | 1708 (33.4) | |
| Fall | 6139 (25.8) | 1308 (19.6) | 1526 (24.7) | 1629 (27.8) | 1676 (32.8) | |
| Winter | 7661 (32.2) | 2880 (43.2) | 2117 (34.3) | 1588 (27.1) | 1076 (21.1) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 4852 (20.9) | 1366 (21.2) | 1195 (19.9) | 1164 (20.3) | 1127 (22.5) | 0.005 |
| Drinking, n (%) | 6969 (30.1) | 1948 (30.3) | 1788 (29.8) | 1675 (29.2) | 1558 (31.1) | 0.186 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 122.3 (18.4) | 122.7 (18.6) | 122.3 (18.4) | 122.2 (18.4) | 122.1 (18.0) | 0.335 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 71.8 (12.0) | 72.2 (12.1) | 71.8 (12.0) | 71.7 (12.0) | 71.5 (11.8) | 0.008 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.8 (3.4) | 23.9 (3.6) | 23.9 (3.4) | 23.8 (3.3) | 23.6 (3.2) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 83.0 (10.2) | 83.4 (10.8) | 83.2 (10.3) | 82.9 (10.0) | 82.5 (9.5) | <0.001 |
| 25(OH)D, ng/mL | 18.8 (7.3) | 11.9 (3.1) | 16.8 (3.6) | 20.8 (4.2) | 28.0 (6.6) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.6 (1.1) | 5.7 (1.2) | 5.6 (1.1) | 5.6 (1.2) | 5.6 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| FBI, μU/mL | 9.0 (14.3) | 9.8 (21.7) | 9.0 (13.1) | 8.7 (9.6) | 8.2 (5.3) | 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.4 (5.0) | 2.7 (7.4) | 2.5 (5.1) | 2.3 (3.0) | 2.2 (1.7) | 0.002 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.7 (0.9) | 5.7 (0.9) | 5.7 (0.9) | 5.7 (0.9) | 5.6 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.0 (1.0) | 5.0 (1.0) | 5.0 (1.0) | 5.0 (0.9) | 5.0 (1.0) | 0.006 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 3.1 (0.9) | 3.0 (0.9) | 3.1 (0.9) | 3.1 (0.8) | 3.1 (0.9) | 0.028 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.5 (1.4) | 1.6 (1.8) | 1.5 (1.3) | 1.5 (1.2) | 1.4 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 6231 (27.5) | 1907 (30.1) | 1680 (28.7) | 1485 (26.6) | 1159 (23.8) | <0.001 |
| Abdominal obesity, n (%) | 9307 (40.3) | 2651 (41.4) | 2501 (41.9) | 2248 (39.2) | 1907 (38.1) | <0.001 |
| High Triglycerides, n (%) | 6260 (26.7) | 1853 (28.6) | 1717 (28.3) | 1506 (26.0) | 1184 (23.3) | <0.001 |
| Low HDL-C, n (%) | 4550 (21.9) | 1383 (23.5) | 1220 (22.6) | 1101 (21.7) | 846 (19.4) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 8055 (34.4) | 2284 (35.2) | 2079 (34.3) | 1988 (34.3) | 1704 (33.7) | 0.340 |
| Hyperglycemia, n (%) | 8829 (37.7) | 2588 (39.9) | 2284 (37.6) | 2158 (37.2) | 1799 (35.4) | <0.001 |
Data are shown as mean (SD) or number (%). p-values were derived from one-way ANOVA or Pearson’s Chi-squared test. Q1–Q4:. Age-and sex-specific quartiles of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D.
Table S1.
Baseline characteristics of participants based on the status of serum 25(OH)D.
Table S1.
Baseline characteristics of participants based on the status of serum 25(OH)D.
| Variables | Overall (23,810) | Deficiency (4260) | Insufficiency (10,213) | Sufficiency (9337) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 12,596 (52.9) | 1711 (40.2) | 5583 (54.7) | 5302 (56.8) |
| Female | 11,214 (47.1) | 2549 (59.8) | 4630 (45.3) | 4035 (43.2) |
| Age, y | 43.6 (13.3) | 35.8 (11.9) | 41.3 (12.7) | 49.6 (11.9) |
| Age, n (%) | ||||
| 18–44 | 12,366 (51.9) | 3200 (77.0) | 6274 (61.4) | 2892 (30.6) |
| 45–59 | 8544 (35.9) | 766 (18.4) | 3045 (29.8) | 4733 (50.1) |
| ≥60 | 2900 (12.2) | 195 (4.6) | 897 (8.8) | 1808 (19.4) |
| Season, n (%) | ||||
| Spring | 3879 (16.3) | 755 (17.7) | 1846 (18.1) | 1278 (13.7) |
| Summer | 6131 (25.7) | 663 (15.6) | 2593 (25.4) | 2875 (30.8) |
| Fall | 6139 (25.8) | 651 (15.3) | 2357 (23.1) | 3131 (33.5) |
| Winter | 7661 (32.2) | 2191 (51.4) | 3417 (33.5) | 2053 (22.0) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 4852 (20.9) | 539 (13.2) | 1873 (18.8) | 2440 (26.5) |
| Drinking, n (%) | 6969 (30.1) | 885 (21.7) | 3053 (30.8) | 3031 (33.0) |
| 25(OH)D, ng/mL | 18.8 (7.3) | 9.8 (1.6) | 16.0 (2.3) | 26.1 (5.4) |
| Abdominal obesity, n (%) | 9307 (40.3) | 1193 (29.6) | 3972 (40.1) | 4142 (45.1) |
| Hypertriglyceridemia, n (%) | 6260 (26.7) | 795 (19.4) | 2780 (27.7) | 2685 (28.9) |
| Low HDL-cholesterol, n (%) | 4550 (21.9) | 792 (20.4) | 2060 (22.8) | 1698 (21.7) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 8055 (34.4) | 923 (22.4) | 3119 (31.1) | 4013 (43.4) |
| Hyperglycemia, n (%) | 8829 (37.7) | 1129 (27.4) | 3573 (35.6) | 4127 (44.5) |
| Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 6231 (27.5) | 739 (18.7) | 2629 (27.0) | 2863 (32.0) |
The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.
Reference
- Shu, M.; Xi, Y.; Wu, J.; Zhuo, L.-B.; Yan, Y.; Yang, Y.-D.; Feng, Y.-Y.; Tan, H.-Q.; Yang, H.-F.; Chen, Y.-M. Relationship between Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults: A Large Nationwide Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2024, 16, 1480. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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