The Association of Vitamin D Levels and Dental Caries in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Measures
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Strengths and Limitations
4.2. Public Health Implications and Future Research
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | All Participants | Participants with Untreated Caries Mean ± SD N (%) | Untreated Caries p-Value | Participants DMFT Score Mean ± SD | DMFT p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 73.07 ± 5.35 | 72.54 ± 5.31 | -- | 73.16 ± 5.35 | <0.001 b |
Sex | |||||
Female | 1362 (50%) | 437 (32.10%) | 0.008 a | 17.63 ± 8.27 | 0.58 c |
Male | 1361 (50%) | 519 (38.10%) | 17.82 ± 8.40 | ||
Race and Ethnicity | |||||
Mexican American | 265 (9.70%) | 129 (48.70%) | <0.001 a | 15.17 ± 8.45 | <0.001 d |
Other Hispanic | 278 (10.20%) | 104 (37.40%) | 18.03 ± 8.16 | ||
Non-Hispanic white | 1434 (52.70%) | 450 (31.40%) | 17.93 ± 8.24 | ||
Non-Hispanic Black | 502 (18.40%) | 194 (38.60%) | 19.11 ± 7.88 | ||
Non-Hispanic Asian | 189 (6.90%) | 59 (31.20%) | 14.98 ± 8.90 | ||
Other Race * | 55 (2%) | 20 (36.4%) | 19.87 ± 8.73 | ||
Birth country | |||||
United States | 2088 (76.70%) | 730 (35%) | <0.001 a | 18.06 ± 8.22 | <0.001 c |
Others | 635 (23.30%) | 226 (35.60%) | 16.64 ± 8.64 | ||
25(OH)D (nmol/mL) | |||||
Normal (≥75) | 1428 (52.40%) | 463 (32.40%) | <0.001 a | 17.41 ± 8.24 | 0.002 d |
Insufficient (50–74.9) | 835 (30.70%) | 305 (36.50%) | 17.58 ± 8.45 | ||
Deficient (25–49.9) | 411 (15.10%) | 168 (40.90%) | 18.96 ± 8.30 | ||
Severely deficient (<25) | 49 (1.8%) | 20 (40.80%) | 19.33 ± 8.56 |
Variables | Severely Deficient (<25 nmol/L) | Deficient (25–49.9 nmol/L) | Insufficient (50–74.9 nmol/L) | Normal (≥75 nmol/L) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Untreated caries | |||||
Yes | 20 (2.10%) | 168 (17.60%) | 305 (31.90%) | 463 (48.40%) | 0.008 a |
No | 29 (1.60%) | 243 (13.80%) | 530 (30%) | 965 (54.60%) | |
DMFT Scores | 18.94 ± 8.91 | 18.96 ± 8.30 | 17.58 ± 8.45 | 17.41 ± 8.24 | 0.002 b |
Variables | Model I 1 | Model II 2 |
---|---|---|
Untreated Caries | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] |
Normal (≥75 nmol/L) | Reference | Reference |
Insufficient (50–74.9 nmol/L) | 1.20 [1.00–1.44] * | 1.07 [0.89–1.29] |
Deficient (25–49.9 nmol/L) | 1.44 [1.15–1.81] * | 1.23 [0.97–1.55] |
Severely deficient (<25 nmol/L) | 1.44 [0.81–2.57] | 1.20 [0.66–2.18] |
DMFT Scores | RR [95% CI] | RR [95% CI] |
Normal (≥75 nmol/L) | Reference | Reference |
Insufficient (50–74.9 nmol/L) | 1.03 [1.00–1.05] * | 1.04 [1.02–1.06] * |
Deficient (25–49.9 nmol/L) | 1.08 [1.05–1.11] * | 1.09 [1.07–1.12] * |
Severely deficient (<25 nmol/L) | 1.13 [1.06–1.20] * | 1.12 [1.05–1.20] * |
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Hung, M.; Mohajeri, A.; Sadri, M.; Khodabandeh, E.; Zeitoun, I.; Lipsky, M.S. The Association of Vitamin D Levels and Dental Caries in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142307
Hung M, Mohajeri A, Sadri M, Khodabandeh E, Zeitoun I, Lipsky MS. The Association of Vitamin D Levels and Dental Caries in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2024; 16(14):2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142307
Chicago/Turabian StyleHung, Man, Amir Mohajeri, Mahsa Sadri, Elahe Khodabandeh, Ibrahim Zeitoun, and Martin S. Lipsky. 2024. "The Association of Vitamin D Levels and Dental Caries in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study" Nutrients 16, no. 14: 2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142307