2026 August - 118 articles
Togaviridae represents a candidate family for emerging public health emergencies of international concern. Among them, chikungunya virus (CHKIV) has caused recurrent epidemics in the temperate zone of most continents and represents a threat to the sa...
Senecavirus A (SVA), an emerging causative agent of porcine vesicular disease, belongs to the genus Senecavirus of the family Picornaviridae. The virus has been circulating in pig herds in the USA dating back to 1988, evolved into clinically signific...
Background: Wastewater surveillance has emerged as an effective tool for population-level pathogen monitoring. Its application to mutations associated with resistance to antivirals remains comparatively underdeveloped. We assessed the wastewater epid...
Ticks are prominent hosts for many viruses that are pathogenic to humans on almost every continent. Despite the documented historical association of ticks with viral disease in humans, clinical case reports are low, likely due to under-recognition of...
A secreted protein toxin encoded by a satellite dsRNA-enabled dissection of the genetic control of replication and expression of a single-segment dsRNA virus, the first Totivirus, L-A. Among the then-novel findings were i. “head-full replicatio...
H9N2 avian influenza viruses pose a persistent zoonotic risk owing to their broad host adaptability. Between 2024 and 2025, two H9N2 isolates (ZHY1022B2 and ZHY0417A11) were recovered from quail flocks in Hebei, China. Phylogenetic analysis clustered...
Chikungunya is undergoing global expansion, but how El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences its transmission remains unclear. We aim to assess the impact of ENSO phases on chikungunya incidence via temperature and precipitation te...
Oral, live-attenuated rotavirus vaccines (ORVs) have significantly reduced severe diarrheal disease and deaths; however, vaccine performance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains lower than in high-income countries. With increasing glob...
Infections caused by flaviviruses, including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and West Nile virus (WNV), can lead to severe hemorrhagic or neurological disease. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) remains a major obstacle to the development o...
Background: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), also designated hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, is caused by New World hantaviruses, principally Sin Nombre virus in North America and Andes virus in South America. The syndrome is characterized b...
Dengue is a mosquito-transmitted viral disease caused by the positive-sense RNA dengue virus (DENV), which comprises four antigenically distinct serotypes (1–4). Although DENV circulates predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions, its gl...
Background: Chikungunya virus and dengue virus rank among the most clinically significant mosquito-borne pathogens worldwide, imposing substantial disease burdens in endemic regions. Despite their overlapping symptomatology, the diseases diverge mark...
Highly pathogenic RNA viruses, such as Ebola, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza, cause severe disease in humans. High mutation rates, which enable RNA viruses to evade immunity and escape antivirals, and their ability to spread from animals to humans and cau...
Maraviroc (MVC), a CCR5 antagonist, has been proposed as a potential antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2; however, its mechanism of action across viral variants remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the antiviral activity of MVC against SARS-CoV-2 wild-...
5′-Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the principal cellular energy sensor that coordinates metabolic adaptation by balancing anabolic and catabolic pathways in response to energic stress. Beyond its canonical role in ma...
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a key pathogen causing calf diarrhea and bovine respiratory diseases, bringing sustained economic losses to the cattle industry. As an RNA virus, BCoV possesses high mutation and recombination capacities, leading to promi...
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) is an important global food crop, but its production is threatened by numerous viral pathogens. More than 30 RNA and DNA viruses have been reported worldwide, making rapid and accurate detection essential for d...
Most translational work on bacteriophages has focused on antibacterial therapy or food biocontrol. A third use case is scientifically plausible but remains insufficiently defined: the intentional use of characterized phages to modulate gut microbial...
Rose rosette virus (RRV) causes witches’ broom disease in roses. This study examined whether differences in disease in these spatially distinct domains are associated with local changes in defense-related hormones and transcriptional reprogramm...
Background: Despite Rwanda’s achievement of the UNAIDS 95–95–95 targets, national evidence on virological failure (VF) and mortality after transition to second- or third-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains limited. We estimate...
(1) Background: The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is characterized by extensive genetic diversity, including low-frequency variants that contribute to disease progression. We aimed to characterize low-frequency variants and evaluate their potential clinica...
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a re-emerging pathogen associated with severe acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) and pneumonia, predominantly in children but also capable of causing severe disease in immunocompromised adults. Seroprevalence data are essential...
COVID-19 affects the olfactory system and the hippocampus, leading to severe olfactory and cognitive impairments. This study aimed to quantify volumetric changes in the olfactory bulbs and hippocampus in patients with COVID-19, and to investigate the...
Lower respiratory tract infections caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pose a major global public health challenge. The use of next-generation sequencing technologies enables detailed monitoring of viral genetic variability, which is cruc...
Klebsiella pneumoniae infection following H9N2 Influenza A virus (IAV) infection causes severe pneumonia. But the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of H9N2 IAV and K. pneumoniae co-infection are complex and need to be further explored. In this study,...
Background/Objectives: Isolated anti-HBc (IAHBc)—anti-HBc reactivity without HBsAg or anti-HBs—may indicate occult HBV infection (OBI) and confers reactivation risk under immunosuppression, yet most evidence derives from single specialtie...
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a worldwide hepatotropic virus despite the availability of a highly effective vaccine. Currently, the most efficacious treatment against HBV infection is the use of interferon and nucleos(t)ide analogs, which effectivel...
The molecular epidemiology and antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remain incompletely outlined in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The aim of this retrospective molecular epidemiology study was...
Background: Short-term variation in the Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) may identify people who warrant further liver assessment. We evaluated longitudinal FIB-4 changes and associated metabolic factors in people with HIV (PWH) and metabolic dysfunction-ass...
The long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) family is the sole remaining transposable element family that is capable of autonomous retrotransposition in humans. LINE-1 expression, tightly controlled through epigenetic mechanisms, has complex effects on...
The completion of this Special Issue, “Coronaviruses and Influenza Viruses: Evolution, Cross-Species Transmission, and Recombination”, offers a valuable opportunity to reflect on the remarkable scientific progress in understanding two of...
Stop codon readthrough is a noncanonical translation strategy employed by certain RNA viruses, in which a viral termination codon is either decoded by host near-cognate tRNAs or canonically recognized by the class I release factor (RF, eRF1 in eukary...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus H5N1of clade 2.3.4.4b has emerged as the predominant lineage circulating in poultry flocks worldwide, raising concerns regarding the protective efficacy of currently available commercial vaccines, partic...
RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) are essential enzymes involved in RNA virus replication and eukaryotic RNA silencing. They are generally absent in vertebrates but present in some invertebrate lineages, such as nematodes and certain arthropods....
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic, vector-borne disease affecting livestock and humans. The consumption of raw unpasteurized milk has been epidemiologically linked to RVFV exposure in humans and recognized as a potentially important non-ve...
Background: Trimeric envelope-proximal domains in viral class I fusion proteins are conserved targets of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), but it has proven difficult to develop vaccines against those targets. The HIV-1 gp41 membrane-proximal...
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Bats are crucial reservoirs for coronaviruses, yet surveillance in the southeastern United States remains limited. Using carcasses submitted from public health surveillance for rabies, we screened 170 non-rabid bat carcasses from Alabama using a tier...
The mitigation measures adopted to reduce the spread of COVID-19 have not only impacted the transmission of respiratory infections but also other infectious diseases. In this study, we explored the effect of the pandemic on the epidemiology of Centra...
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) acute infection induces respiratory tract disorders and conjunctivitis and suppresses immune responses that may cause bacterial pneumonia. BoHV-1 infection establishes lifelong latency in sensory neurons in trigemin...
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen of globally significance in cattle that has two biotypes: non-cytopathogenic (non-cp) and cytopathogenic (cp). The cp biotype arises from the non-cp through genome rearrangements, which frequently invo...
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious transboundary animal disease that causes major economic losses to the global swine industry and remains notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH). Handling and transport of infect...
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a neglected pathogen with a heterogeneous global distribution. In low-prevalence areas, diagnostic testing is challenged by limited clinical awareness and the low positive predictive value of screeni...
Background: CMV is the most common congenital infection worldwide, affecting 0.2–6% of live births and causing significant morbidity and mortality. Although most infections are asymptomatic, severe cases can lead to fetal demise. Objective: To...
Understanding how vaccination-event characteristics relate to doses administered can inform public health delivery strategies. This study examined associations between modifiable characteristics of community-based COVID-19 vaccination events and dose...
The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (AIVs) poses significant threats to global public health and the poultry economy. Rapid detection methods targeting the hemagglutinin (HA) protein have become increasingly unreliable due to o...
Filoviruses cause highly lethal infectious diseases with hemorrhagic symptoms and extremely high fatality rate (up to 90%). Although two vaccines against Ebola virus (EBOV) are licensed for application in endemic areas, vaccines against other filovir...
Kaposi’s Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS), which induces metabolic stress in infected host cells. KSHV reprograms host metabolic pathways for efficient viral replication and infectious virion pr...
The genus Begomovirus constitutes a group of devastating plant viruses causing significant economic losses in the production of agricultural crops. In the present study, conducted in Yunnan province, China, a novel monopartite begomovirus was identif...
Kaposi’s Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV), an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus, is the etiological agent of Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS), an endothelial cell-based tumor. KSHV is a leading cause of infection-related cancers in sub-Saharan Africa an...
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