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Journal of Eye Movement Research is published by MDPI from Volume 18 Issue 1 (2025). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Bern Open Publishing (BOP).

J. Eye Mov. Res., Volume 8, Issue 3 (October 2015) – 5 articles

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20 pages, 1381 KiB  
Article
An Easy Iris Center Detection Method for Eye Gaze Tracking System
by Mingxin Yu, Yingzi Lin, David Schmidt, Xiaoying Tang, Xiangzhou Wang, Jing Xu and Yikang Guo
J. Eye Mov. Res. 2015, 8(3), 1-20; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.8.3.5 (registering DOI) - 23 Oct 2015
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 81
Abstract
Iris center detection accuracy has great impact on eye gaze tracking system performance. This paper proposes an easy and efficient iris center detection method based on modeling the geometric relationship between the detected rough iris center and the two corners of the eye. [...] Read more.
Iris center detection accuracy has great impact on eye gaze tracking system performance. This paper proposes an easy and efficient iris center detection method based on modeling the geometric relationship between the detected rough iris center and the two corners of the eye. The method fully considers four states of iris within the eye region, i.e., center, left, right, and upper. The proposed active edge detection algorithm is utilized to extract iris edge points for ellipse fitting. In addition, this paper also presents a predicted edge point algorithm to solve the decrease in ellipse fitting accuracy, when part of the iris becomes hidden from rolling into a nasal or temporal eye corner. The evaluated result of the method on our eye database shows the global average accuracy of 94.3%. Compared with existing methods, our method achieves the highest iris center detection accuracy. Additionally, in order to test the performance of the proposed method in gaze tracking, this paper presents the results of gaze estimation achieved by our eye gaze tracking system. Full article
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12 pages, 994 KiB  
Article
Simple Configuration Effects on Eye Movements in Horizontal Scanning Tasks
by Ilze Laicane, Jurgis Skilters and Ivars Lacis
J. Eye Mov. Res. 2015, 8(3), 1-12; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.8.3.4 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2015
Viewed by 53
Abstract
When reading text, observers alternate periods of stable gaze (fixations) and shifts of gaze (saccades). An important debate in the literature concerns the processes that drive the control of these eye movements. Past studies using strings of letters rather than meaningful text (‘z-reading’) [...] Read more.
When reading text, observers alternate periods of stable gaze (fixations) and shifts of gaze (saccades). An important debate in the literature concerns the processes that drive the control of these eye movements. Past studies using strings of letters rather than meaningful text (‘z-reading’) suggest that eye movement control during reading is, to a large extent, controlled by low-level image properties. These studies, however, have failed to take into account perceptual grouping processes that could drive these low-level effects. We here study the role of various grouping factors in horizontal scanning eye movements, and compare these to reading meaningful text. The results show that sequential horizontal scanning of meaningless and visually distinctive stimuli is slower than for meaningful stimuli (e.g. letters instead of dots). Moreover, we found strong evidence for anticipatory processes in saccadic processing during horizontal scanning tasks. These results suggest a strong role of perceptual grouping in oculomotor control in reading. Full article
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17 pages, 648 KiB  
Article
Comparing Graphs and Text: Effects of Complexity and Task
by Sunjung Kim and Linda J. Lombardino
J. Eye Mov. Res. 2015, 8(3), 1-17; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.8.3.2 (registering DOI) - 6 Oct 2015
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 83
Abstract
Graphs are commonly believed to facilitate users’ comprehension. We explored the effect of graphs on comprehension compared to text, manipulating content complexity (single bar vs. double bar graphs) and question type (point-locating vs. comparison questions). A total 78 college students viewed graph and [...] Read more.
Graphs are commonly believed to facilitate users’ comprehension. We explored the effect of graphs on comprehension compared to text, manipulating content complexity (single bar vs. double bar graphs) and question type (point-locating vs. comparison questions). A total 78 college students viewed graph and text stimuli and answered comprehension questions while their eye movements were recorded. The results indicate that students do not always process graphs more efficiently than text conveying the same information. Students processed graphs significantly faster than text only when the more complex questions were shown. When the more complex graphic patterns were presented, the advantage of graphs over text became less apparent. The students also spent the majority of their time looking at specific information on the axes and label regions of the graphs with the increasing complexity of graphs and tasks. These findings are discussed related to theories of learning including cognitive load theory and perceptual salience theory. Full article
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12 pages, 2333 KiB  
Article
How Form and Structure of Chinese Characters Affect Eye Movement Control
by Min-Yuan Ma and Hsien-Chih Chuang
J. Eye Mov. Res. 2015, 8(3), 1-12; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.8.3.3 (registering DOI) - 4 Oct 2015
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 67
Abstract
This study investigated the correlations between the form features and legibility of Chinese characters by employing the eye tracking method in two experiments: Experiment 1 examined factors affecting Chinese character legibility with character modules and identified the correlations between character form and legibility [...] Read more.
This study investigated the correlations between the form features and legibility of Chinese characters by employing the eye tracking method in two experiments: Experiment 1 examined factors affecting Chinese character legibility with character modules and identified the correlations between character form and legibility of crossing strokes; and Experiment 2 examined the effect of crossing strokes on subjective complicacy perception in both Chinese characters and English letters. This study determined that enclosed Chinese characters affect subjective complicacy perception and reduce saccadic amplitude. In addition, greater number of stroke crossings produced higher subjective complicacy perceived for both Chinese characters and English letters. The results of this study serve as a reference for predicting Chinese character legibility and assessing type design superiority. Full article
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6 pages, 703 KiB  
Article
Effect of Target Type on Near Point of Convergence in a Healthy, Active, Young Adult Population
by Jacqueline Phillips and Ryan Tierney
J. Eye Mov. Res. 2015, 8(3), 1-6; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.8.3.1 (registering DOI) - 10 Aug 2015
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 62
Abstract
Purpose: Measuring near point of convergence (NPC) has recently emerged as a concussion assessment tool. Differences in administration of the test can be seen within the literature, which may affect results and normative values. There has been little investigation examining if clinically [...] Read more.
Purpose: Measuring near point of convergence (NPC) has recently emerged as a concussion assessment tool. Differences in administration of the test can be seen within the literature, which may affect results and normative values. There has been little investigation examining if clinically accessible target types affects NPC and no examination of NPC in a healthy, active young adult population. Methods: NPC was measured in 39 subjects using 5 different targets two times each with an accommodative ruler. Results: NPC ranged from 1.5−10 cm in this population with an overall mean of 5.9 + 1.6 cm. There were significant differences between the middle sized font and the line (p = 0.024) and pen (p = 0.047), and also between the largest sized font and the line (p = 0.026). Conclusions: For physically active young adults, the measurement of NPC is affected by target type. Full article
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