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Volume 26
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10.3390/ijms262311302
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Article

Integrative Study of the Life Cycle in the Marine Protist Thraustochytrium aureum ssp. strugatskii

by
Alexey V. Doroshkov
1,2,*,
Ludmila G. Naumenko
1,
Daniil A. Iukhtanov
1,
Ksenia N. Morozova
1,3,
Elena V. Kiseleva
1,
Aleksei G. Menzorov
1,3 and
Ulyana S. Zubairova
1,3
1
The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
2
Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
3
Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(23), 11302; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311302 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 31 October 2025 / Revised: 18 November 2025 / Accepted: 20 November 2025 / Published: 22 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Fungi: From Molecular Biology to Biotechnology Application)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Thraustochytrium aureum ssp. strugatskii, a marine protist belonging to the class Labyrinthulea, exhibits a complex life cycle characterized by alternating motile and vegetative phases. Using an integrative multimodal microscopy approach, we reconstructed its full developmental cycle and analyzed the coordination between cellular morphology, subcellular architecture, and population-level behavior. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy, combined with fluorescence and time-lapse imaging, revealed the dynamics of nuclear division, organelle rearrangement, and zoospore formation. Morphometric analysis of serial ultrathin sections demonstrated distinct changes in mitochondrial distribution, Golgi apparatus, and lipid droplet abundance during transitions between stages. We have shown that vegetative cells undergo synchronized karyokinesis coupled with stable nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratios, leading to the emergence of multinucleate stages prior to zoospore formation. The integration of ultrastructural and dynamic data enabled us to propose a systems-level model linking metabolic state, morphogenesis, and population structure. This model highlights feedback regulation between nutrient availability, biomass accumulation, and developmental synchronization. Our results establish that T. aureum ssp. strugatskii has good potential to serve as a tractable model organism for systems-level studies of protists and provide an initial framework for predictive modeling of its life cycle under controlled conditions.
Keywords: Thraustochytrium aureum ssp. strugatskii; Labyrinthulea; life cycle; multimodal microscopy; ultrastructure; morphometric analysis; karyokinesis; population dynamics; biotechnology; marine protists Thraustochytrium aureum ssp. strugatskii; Labyrinthulea; life cycle; multimodal microscopy; ultrastructure; morphometric analysis; karyokinesis; population dynamics; biotechnology; marine protists

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MDPI and ACS Style

Doroshkov, A.V.; Naumenko, L.G.; Iukhtanov, D.A.; Morozova, K.N.; Kiseleva, E.V.; Menzorov, A.G.; Zubairova, U.S. Integrative Study of the Life Cycle in the Marine Protist Thraustochytrium aureum ssp. strugatskii. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 11302. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311302

AMA Style

Doroshkov AV, Naumenko LG, Iukhtanov DA, Morozova KN, Kiseleva EV, Menzorov AG, Zubairova US. Integrative Study of the Life Cycle in the Marine Protist Thraustochytrium aureum ssp. strugatskii. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(23):11302. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311302

Chicago/Turabian Style

Doroshkov, Alexey V., Ludmila G. Naumenko, Daniil A. Iukhtanov, Ksenia N. Morozova, Elena V. Kiseleva, Aleksei G. Menzorov, and Ulyana S. Zubairova. 2025. "Integrative Study of the Life Cycle in the Marine Protist Thraustochytrium aureum ssp. strugatskii" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 23: 11302. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311302

APA Style

Doroshkov, A. V., Naumenko, L. G., Iukhtanov, D. A., Morozova, K. N., Kiseleva, E. V., Menzorov, A. G., & Zubairova, U. S. (2025). Integrative Study of the Life Cycle in the Marine Protist Thraustochytrium aureum ssp. strugatskii. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(23), 11302. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311302

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