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Volume 31
Issue 1
10.3390/molecules31010013
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Review

Nitrones: Comprehensive Review on Synthesis and Applications

by
Ricardo A. L. S. Santos
,
Artur M. S. Silva
and
Diana C. G. A. Pinto
*
LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2026, 31(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010013 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 19 November 2025 / Revised: 10 December 2025 / Accepted: 17 December 2025 / Published: 19 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 30th Anniversary of Molecules—Recent Advances in Organic Chemistry)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Nitrones are a significant class of compounds highly useful in organic synthesis; in particular, they are key intermediates for the synthesis of new biologically active nitrogen compounds. The first part of this review aims to provide a structured and concise overview of nitrones, summarizing their synthetic methodologies and highlighting the environmentally friendly approaches. Their fundamental transformations and a thorough explanation of their reactivities are addressed, either in rearrangements to similar compounds or as fragments/intermediates for more complex molecules. Lastly, physicochemical properties, therapeutic potential, and industrial applications are also addressed. This review gives an update on the scientific discoveries in the field of nitrones, focusing on organizing the existing information and highlighting subtle details to enhance chemical comprehension.
Keywords: nitrone; organic synthesis; oxidation; cycloaddition; spin-trap; therapeutics; polymers nitrone; organic synthesis; oxidation; cycloaddition; spin-trap; therapeutics; polymers

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MDPI and ACS Style

Santos, R.A.L.S.; Silva, A.M.S.; Pinto, D.C.G.A. Nitrones: Comprehensive Review on Synthesis and Applications. Molecules 2026, 31, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010013

AMA Style

Santos RALS, Silva AMS, Pinto DCGA. Nitrones: Comprehensive Review on Synthesis and Applications. Molecules. 2026; 31(1):13. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010013

Chicago/Turabian Style

Santos, Ricardo A. L. S., Artur M. S. Silva, and Diana C. G. A. Pinto. 2026. "Nitrones: Comprehensive Review on Synthesis and Applications" Molecules 31, no. 1: 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010013

APA Style

Santos, R. A. L. S., Silva, A. M. S., & Pinto, D. C. G. A. (2026). Nitrones: Comprehensive Review on Synthesis and Applications. Molecules, 31(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010013

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