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23 pages, 584 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Impact of Polycrisis on Healthcare Systems—Analyzing Challenges and the Role of Social Epidemiology

by Agata Wypych-Ślusarska, Karolina Krupa-Kotara, Jerzy Słowinski, Antoniya Yanakieva and Mateusz Grajek

Healthcare 2025, 13(16), 1998; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13161998 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

In response to contemporary challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, armed conflicts, and economic instability, healthcare systems worldwide are increasingly confronted with multifaceted and overlapping crises—collectively referred to as polycrisis. These interconnected threats amplify one another, placing unprecedented strain on healthcare [...] Read more.

In response to contemporary challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, armed conflicts, and economic instability, healthcare systems worldwide are increasingly confronted with multifaceted and overlapping crises—collectively referred to as polycrisis. These interconnected threats amplify one another, placing unprecedented strain on healthcare infrastructure, governance, and equity. The COVID-19 pandemic alone led to an estimated 16.3 million missed hospitalizations in 2020 and 14.7 million in 2021, revealing systemic vulnerabilities and deepening social inequalities. Armed conflicts, such as in Syria and Gaza, have devastated healthcare access. In Gaza, by mid-2024, 85% of the population had been forcibly displaced, with only 17 of 36 hospitals partially functioning and over 885 healthcare workers killed. Climate change further exacerbates health burdens, with over 86% of urban residents globally exposed to harmful air pollution, contributing to 1.8 million deaths annually. This study introduces a novel perspective by applying social epidemiology to the analysis of polycrisis. While the existing literature often emphasizes political or economic dimensions, our approach highlights how overlapping crises affect population health, social vulnerability, and systemic resilience. By integrating sociodemographic and environmental data, social epidemiology supports crisis-resilient care models, targeted interventions, and equitable health policies. We argue for a stronger mandate to invest in data infrastructure, enhance surveillance, and embed social determinants into health system responses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Health Assessments)

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21 pages, 280 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of ESG Performance on Corporate Investment Efficiency: Evidence from Chinese Agribusiness Companies

by Anqi Ma, Yue Gao and Lirong Xing

Sustainability 2025, 17(16), 7362; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167362 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

This study conducts an empirical examination of the impact of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance) performance on corporate investment efficiency, utilizing fixed-effects and mediation-effects models with a sample of 125 listed agribusiness companies in China from 2013 to 2022. The results of [...] Read more.

This study conducts an empirical examination of the impact of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance) performance on corporate investment efficiency, utilizing fixed-effects and mediation-effects models with a sample of 125 listed agribusiness companies in China from 2013 to 2022. The results of the fixed-effects regression indicate that superior ESG performance can effectively enhance corporate investment efficiency. Furthermore, the results of the mediation-effects analysis unveil the underlying mechanism through which ESG performance contributes to investment efficiency: by reducing agency costs and alleviating financing constraints. Moreover, the heterogeneity analysis suggests that ESG performance promotes investment efficiency more significantly in low-competition and moderately competitive market environments. By contrast, its effect may be somewhat muted in highly competitive markets. The findings of this study indicate that agribusiness companies should integrate ESG strategies, increase information transparency disclosure, and refine the allocation and management of resources in their operations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pro-Environmental Behavior and Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Disclosure in Sustainable Business Management)

22 pages, 1349 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Contribution to the Topological Optimization of Reactive Flows

by Hugo Pancin, Luis Le Moyne, Julien Jouanguy and Nadjiba Sophy

Designs 2025, 9(4), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs9040095 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

Topology optimization is increasingly employed to design fluid flow systems capable of achieving optimal performance under specific constraints. This study presents a density-based topology optimization approach specifically tailored for second-order reactive flows. The fluid-solid distribution within the domain is represented by continuous design [...] Read more.

Topology optimization is increasingly employed to design fluid flow systems capable of achieving optimal performance under specific constraints. This study presents a density-based topology optimization approach specifically tailored for second-order reactive flows. The fluid-solid distribution within the domain is represented by continuous design variables expressed as an inverse permeability field. An adjoint method is used to efficiently compute gradients of the objective function, enabling the application of gradient-based algorithms to solve the optimization problem. The methodology is validated on a benchmark bend-pipe case, reproducing known optimal geometry. Subsequently, the method is applied to optimize a system involving second-order chemical reactions, aiming to maximize a desired reaction while limiting undesirable side reactions. Results demonstrate significant performance improvements, achieving gains in reaction efficiency ranging from 90.4% to 98.7% for the porous geometries and from 94.6% to 105.2% for real geometries. The optimization strategy successfully generates flow configurations analogous to those observed in modern gas turbines, highlighting the practical relevance and potential impact of the developed methodology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Energy System Design)

17 pages, 855 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prognostic Significance of aVR Lead and QTc Prolongation in Patients with Early Repolarization

by Ertugrul Altinbilek, Abuzer Coskun, Burak Demirci, Ismail Oymak, Mustafa Calik, Derya Öztürk, Mustafa Ahmet Afacan and Burcu Bayramoglu

Medicina 2025, 61(8), 1466; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61081466 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Early repolarization (ER), previously considered benign for many years, is now recognized as a substantial risk factor for malignant arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, and mortality. The ER pattern, previously regarded as a benign electrocardiographic characteristic, has lately been demonstrated [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Early repolarization (ER), previously considered benign for many years, is now recognized as a substantial risk factor for malignant arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, and mortality. The ER pattern, previously regarded as a benign electrocardiographic characteristic, has lately been demonstrated to have a strong association with malignant arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, and elevated death rates. This study seeks to illustrate the prognostic significance of QT interval (QTc) prolongation on electrocardiograms for acute coronary syndrome and death in emergency cases. Prolongation of QTc duration on electrocardiography in emergency room cases may serve as a possible predictor for acute coronary syndrome and mortality. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 924 patients diagnosed with ER in the emergency department from 2020 to 2023. The QTc durations, serum glucose levels, troponin I levels, and additional auxiliary data of the patients were assessed. The alteration in the aVR derivation, often overlooked and deemed insignificant, was compared with clinical severity in ER cases. Results: The average age of the 924 patients in the study was 48.43 (9.65) years, with 30.7% being female. In the non-cardiac group, the mean age was 51.67 (7.98) years, with 738 females (31.9%). The QTc interval in the patient group was 409.54 (33.46) ms, while in the control group it was 411.57 (27.91) ms (p < 0.001). The one-year death rate was 49 (5.3%) for the ER group and nine (0.9%) for the follow-up group. The most common comorbid condition in both groups was tobacco and/or tobacco product intake. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses conducted for both ER types and mortality indicated that QTc prolongation may serve as a predictive factor (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of prolonged QTc in predicting acute coronary syndrome and mortality were determined to be 76% at the lowest and 98% at the highest levels in ER cases (p < 0.001). The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis for ER types revealed 321 days for the horizontal type and 363 days for the ascending type. Conclusions: Prolonged QTc duration in early repolarization cases may serve as an independent predictor of acute coronary syndrome and mortality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cardiology)

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16 pages, 1217 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Genomic Analysis of Laccaria Genomes at High Altitude

by Yu Bao, Ye Mu, Jinghuan Hu, Mengchao Chen and Jing Xing

J. Fungi 2025, 11(8), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11080592 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) harbors extreme environmental conditions (e.g., low temperature, intense UV radiation, and hypoxia), presenting unique challenges for biological adaptation. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the adaptation of macrofungi to high-altitude environments on the QTP remain poorly understood. In this study, [...] Read more.

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) harbors extreme environmental conditions (e.g., low temperature, intense UV radiation, and hypoxia), presenting unique challenges for biological adaptation. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the adaptation of macrofungi to high-altitude environments on the QTP remain poorly understood. In this study, we de novo sequenced and assembled the genomes of three Laccaria species collected from the QTP, aiming to unravel the genomic basis of their adaptation to high altitudes. The genomic data indicates that the genome of high-altitude species is slightly larger than that of their low-altitude relatives, particularly due to LTR retrotransposons, which also show a negative correlation with altitude. The expanded and positively selected gene families in high-altitude species were enriched in pathways related to DNA damage repair, maintenance of cell membrane stability, signal transduction, enzyme activity, stress response, and reproduction. In contrast, contracted gene families in high-altitude species were primarily associated with disease and immune responses, likely due to the reduced pathogen pressure in extreme high-altitude environments. Additionally, species-specific genes of high-altitude Laccaria were enriched in functions related to enzyme activity, membrane stability, and signal transduction, further supporting their adaptive roles. Analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) showed distinct gene family distributions between high- and low-altitude species, with several families absent in the low-altitude species, suggesting their potential involvement in environmental adaptation. Overall, our findings indicate that genome size expansion driven by LTR retrotransposons, coordinated evolution of gene families, positive selection, and divergence in CAZymes collectively may contribute to the adaptation of Laccaria to extreme high-altitude environments. This study provides basic data into the genetic mechanisms of fungal adaptation to harsh plateau environments and lays a foundation for further research on extremophilic fungi. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Fungal Genomics, Genetics and Molecular Biology)

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13 pages, 1649 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Targeted Peptide-Mediated Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides to SMA Cells for SMN2 Gene Splicing Correction

by Marianna Maretina, Anna Egorova, Arina Il’ina, Nadezhda Krylova, Maxim Donnikov, Oleg Glotov and Anton Kiselev

Sci. Pharm. 2025, 93(3), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm93030038 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder that has an approved treatment that can still be improved. Antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) are currently delivered intrathecally for SMA therapy based on SMN2 gene splicing correction, and high concentrations are required to achieve an [...] Read more.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder that has an approved treatment that can still be improved. Antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) are currently delivered intrathecally for SMA therapy based on SMN2 gene splicing correction, and high concentrations are required to achieve an improvement of the disease symptoms. In this study, AONs were introduced into SMA fibroblast cell cultures by means of an arginine–histidine-rich peptide carrier that had been decorated with iRGD ligands. Due to the protected and receptor-mediated nature of AON delivery within these complexes, low concentrations can be used. We assessed the RNA-binding characteristics, cytotoxicity, size, and zeta potential of AON/carrier complexes as well as the efficiency of SMN2 gene splicing correction following transfections. After testing a variety of AON/carrier formulations, we selected those that produced the best outcomes. The AON/carrier complexes that were found to be the most effective significantly increased the proportion of full-length SMN transcripts and the quantity of nuclear gems. Thus, we demonstrated the potential of delivering therapeutic AONs into SMA cells using a ligand-modified peptide carrier. Full article

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24 pages, 1094 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Machine Learning-Based Surrogate Ensemble for Frame Displacement Prediction Using Jackknife Averaging

by Zhihao Zhao, Jinjin Wang and Na Wu

Buildings 2025, 15(16), 2872; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15162872 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

High-fidelity finite element analysis (FEA) plays a key role in structural engineering by enabling accurate simulation of displacement, stress, and internal forces under static loads. However, its high computational cost limits applicability in real-time control, iterative design, and large-scale uncertainty quantification. Surrogate modeling [...] Read more.

High-fidelity finite element analysis (FEA) plays a key role in structural engineering by enabling accurate simulation of displacement, stress, and internal forces under static loads. However, its high computational cost limits applicability in real-time control, iterative design, and large-scale uncertainty quantification. Surrogate modeling provides a computationally efficient alternative by learning input–output mappings from precomputed simulations. Yet, the performance of individual surrogates is often sensitive to data distribution and model assumptions. To enhance both accuracy and robustness, we propose a model averaging framework based on Jackknife Model Averaging (JMA) that integrates six surrogate models: polynomial response surfaces (PRSs), support vector regression (SVR), radial basis function (RBF) interpolation, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), and Random Forest (RF). Three ensembles are formed: JMA1 (classical models), JMA2 (tree-based models), and JMA3 (all models). JMA assigns optimal convex weights using cross-validated out-of-fold errors without a meta-learner. We evaluate the framework on the Static Analysis Dataset with over 300,000 FEA simulations. Results show that JMA consistently outperforms individual models in root mean squared error, mean absolute error, and the coefficient of determination, while also producing tighter, better-calibrated conformal prediction intervals. These findings support JMA as an effective tool for surrogate-based structural analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Machine Learning for Structural Engineering: Innovations and Applications)

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31 pages, 1445 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Integrated Process Planning and Scheduling Framework Using an Optimized Rule-Mining Approach for Smart Manufacturing

by Syeda Marzia, Ahmed Azab and Alejandro Vital-Soto

Mathematics 2025, 13(16), 2605; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13162605 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

Manufacturing industries are undergoing a significant transformation toward Smart Manufacturing (SM) to meet the ever-evolving demands for customized products. A major obstacle in this transition is the integration of Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP) with Scheduling. This integration poses challenges because of conflicting objectives [...] Read more.

Manufacturing industries are undergoing a significant transformation toward Smart Manufacturing (SM) to meet the ever-evolving demands for customized products. A major obstacle in this transition is the integration of Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP) with Scheduling. This integration poses challenges because of conflicting objectives that must be balanced, resulting in the Integrated Process Planning and Scheduling problem. In response to these challenges, this research introduces a novel hybridized machine learning optimization approach designed to assign and sequence setups in Dynamic Flexible Job Shop environments via dispatching rule mining, accounting for real-time disruptions such as machine breakdowns. This approach connects CAPP and scheduling by considering setups as dispatching units, ultimately reducing makespan and improving manufacturing flexibility. The problem is modeled as a Dynamic Flexible Job Shop problem. It is tackled through a comprehensive methodology that combines mathematical programming, heuristic techniques, and the creation of a robust dataset capturing priority relationships among setups. Empirical results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a 42.6% reduction in makespan, improves schedule robustness by 35%, and reduces schedule variability by 27% compared to classical dispatching rules. Additionally, the model achieves an average prediction accuracy of 92% on unseen instances, generating rescheduling decisions within seconds, which confirms its suitability for real-time Smart Manufacturing applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Methods of Operational Research and Data Analytics in Operations Planning and Scheduling)

16 pages, 1011 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Dietary Difructose Anhydride III Supplementation on the Metabolic Profile of Japanese Black Breeding Herds with Low-Level Chronic Exposure to Zearalenone in the Dietary Feed

by Topas Wicaksono Priyo, Jr., Naoya Sasazaki, Katsuki Toda, Hiroshi Hasunuma, Daisaku Matsumoto, Emiko Kokushi, Seiichi Uno, Osamu Yamato, Takeshi Obi, Urara Shinya, Oky Setyo Widodo, Yasuho Taura, Tetsushi Ono, Masayasu Taniguchi and Mitsuhiro Takagi

Toxins 2025, 17(8), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17080409 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

Mycotoxin contamination in animal feed can cause acute or chronic adverse effects on growth, productivity, and immune function in livestock. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of difructose anhydride III (DFA III) supplementation on serum biochemical parameters and intestinal environment in Japanese [...] Read more.

Mycotoxin contamination in animal feed can cause acute or chronic adverse effects on growth, productivity, and immune function in livestock. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of difructose anhydride III (DFA III) supplementation on serum biochemical parameters and intestinal environment in Japanese Black (JB) breeding cows under low-level chronic dietary exposure to zearalenone (ZEN). Using urinary ZEN concentration as an indicator of exposure, 25 JB cows were selected from a breeding farm with confirmed natural feed contamination. Blood samples were collected before DFA III supplementation (day 0), and on days 20 and 40 post-supplementation. Serum biochemical parameters and short-chain fatty acid concentrations were measured. During the studies, dietary ZEN concentration increased, yet improvements were observed in liver function, nutritional status, immune response, and inflammatory markers. Notably, serum butyrate concentration significantly increased following DFA III administration. These findings suggest that DFA III may positively influence intestinal microflora and enhance intestinal barrier function, which could contribute to improved health and nutritional status in cattle exposed to low-level chronic dietary ZEN contamination. DFA III supplementation may represent a promising strategy for mitigating the effects of low-level mycotoxin exposure in livestock production systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occurrence, Toxicity, Metabolism, Analysis and Control of Mycotoxins)

28 pages, 1211 KiB

Open AccessReview

Antioxidant Defense Systems in Plants: Mechanisms, Regulation, and Biotechnological Strategies for Enhanced Oxidative Stress Tolerance

by Faustina Barbara Cannea and Alessandra Padiglia

Life 2025, 15(8), 1293; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15081293 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

Plants must contend with oxidative stress, a paradoxical phenomenon in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause cellular damage while also serving as key signaling molecules. Environmental stressors, such as drought, salinity, and temperature extremes, promote ROS accumulation, affecting plant growth and productivity. [...] Read more.

Plants must contend with oxidative stress, a paradoxical phenomenon in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause cellular damage while also serving as key signaling molecules. Environmental stressors, such as drought, salinity, and temperature extremes, promote ROS accumulation, affecting plant growth and productivity. To maintain redox homeostasis, plants rely on antioxidant systems comprising enzymatic defenses, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, and non-enzymatic molecules, including ascorbate, glutathione, flavonoids, and emerging compounds such as proline and nano-silicon. This review provides an integrated overview of antioxidant responses and their modulation through recent biotechnological advances, emphasizing the role of emerging technologies in advancing our understanding of redox regulation and translating molecular insights into stress-resilient phenotypes. Omics approaches have enabled the identification of redox-related genes, while genome editing tools, particularly those based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, offer opportunities for precise functional manipulation. Artificial intelligence and systems biology are accelerating the discovery of regulatory modules and enabling predictive modeling of antioxidant networks. We also highlight the contribution of synthetic biology to the development of stress-responsive gene circuits and address current regulatory and ethical considerations. Overall, this review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on molecular, biochemical, and technological strategies to enhance oxidative stress tolerance in plants, thereby contributing to sustainable agriculture and food security in a changing climate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Responses of Plants Under Abiotic Stresses)

31 pages, 1123 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Generation Z’s Acceptance of Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: A TAM and UTAUT-Based PLS-SEM and Cluster Analysis

by Réka Koteczki and Boglárka Eisinger Balassa

Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(8), 1044; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15081044 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

In recent years, the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed higher education, particularly among Generation Z students who are more open to new technologies. Tools such as ChatGPT are increasingly being used for learning, yet empirical research on their acceptance, [...] Read more.

In recent years, the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed higher education, particularly among Generation Z students who are more open to new technologies. Tools such as ChatGPT are increasingly being used for learning, yet empirical research on their acceptance, especially in Hungary, is limited. This study aims to explore the psychological, technological, and social factors that influence the acceptance of AI among Hungarian university students and to identify different user groups based on their attitudes. The methodological novelty lies in combining two approaches: partial least-squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and cluster analysis. The survey, based on the TAM and UTAUT models, involved 302 Hungarian students and examined six dimensions of AI acceptance: perceived usefulness, ease of use, attitude, social influence, enjoyment and behavioural intention. The PLS-SEM results show that enjoyment (β = 0.605) is the strongest predictor of the intention to use AI, followed by usefulness (β = 0.167). All other factors also had significant effects. Cluster analysis revealed four groups: AI sceptics, moderately open users, positive acceptors, and AI innovators. The findings highlight that the acceptance of AI is shaped not only by functionality but also by user experience. Educational institutions should, therefore, provide enjoyable and user-friendly AI tools and tailor support to students’ attitude profiles. Full article

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Graphical abstract

17 pages, 2250 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Glutamate Supplementation Ameliorated Growth Impairment and Intestinal Injury in High-Soya-Meal-Fed Epinephelus coioides

by Aozhuo Wang, Ruyi Xiao, Cong Huo, Kun Wang and Jidan Ye

Animals 2025, 15(16), 2392; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15162392 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

This research assessed the efficacy of glutamate (Glu) supplementation to feed in counteracting growth restriction and intestinal stress-induced injury in juvenile groupers (Epinephelus coioides; initial weight 15.11 ± 0.03 g). The study comprised five isonitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets: a fish-meal-based (FM) [...] Read more.

This research assessed the efficacy of glutamate (Glu) supplementation to feed in counteracting growth restriction and intestinal stress-induced injury in juvenile groupers (Epinephelus coioides; initial weight 15.11 ± 0.03 g). The study comprised five isonitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets: a fish-meal-based (FM) diet, a soya-meal-based (SBM) diet, and SBM diets containing varying Glu levels of 1.0% (G-1), 2.0% (G-2), or 3.0% (G-3). The trial employed a randomized design with five treatment groups. Each group was housed in triplicate aquariums and received assigned diets for 56 consecutive days. Supplementation with Glu resulted in dose-dependent enhancements in weight gain, specific growth rate, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, intestinal superoxide dismutase activity, digestive enzyme activity (trypsin, lipase, amylase), amino acid metabolic enzyme activity (glutaminase, GLS; glutamine synthetase), and intestinal mRNA levels of GLS, IL-10, and TGF-β1. Maximal values of the G-3 diet were restored to the levels of the FM diet (p > 0.05). Serum total cholesterol, intestinal total antioxidant capacity, and catalase activity followed a similar increasing trend with Glu level, attaining maxima in diet G-3, yet these values remained markedly lower than those of the FM diet (p < 0.05). Conversely, intestinal malondialdehyde content and mRNA levels of genes IL-8, IL-12, IL-1β, and TNF-α exhibited a significant dose-dependent decrease, reaching minimal levels in diet G-3 that were restored to the levels of the FM diet (p > 0.05). The results above demonstrate that Glu addition enhances nutritional status and intestinal structural integrity by augmenting antioxidant and digestive capacity and mitigating inflammatory responses, consequently enhancing growth performance and intestinal health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Aquaculture Nutrition for Sustainable Health Management)

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52 pages, 7055 KiB

Open AccessReview

Translational Control in Cardiac Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Development: When mRNA Meets the Heart

by Uday K. Baliga, Liuqing Yang, Aleksandr Ivanov, Jack L. Schwartz, Feng Jiang, Eng-Soon Khor, Debojyoti Das, Lindsey Wainwright and Peng Yao

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(16), 7863; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26167863 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

Cardiac physiology and pathology have been extensively explored at the transcriptional level. Still, they are less understood at the translational level, including three major knowledge gaps: pathophysiological impact, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic implications of translational control in cardiac biology and heart disease. This [...] Read more.

Cardiac physiology and pathology have been extensively explored at the transcriptional level. Still, they are less understood at the translational level, including three major knowledge gaps: pathophysiological impact, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic implications of translational control in cardiac biology and heart disease. This review aims to provide a summary of the most recent key findings in this emerging field of translational control in heart health and disease, covering the physiological functions, disease pathogenesis, biochemical mechanisms, and development of potential RNA-based, translation-manipulating drugs. Translation of mRNA to protein is the final step in the central dogma for protein synthesis. Translation machinery includes a family of essential “housekeeping” factors and enzymes required for mRNA translation. These translation factors ensure the accurate processing of mRNA to protein according to the genetic code and maintain the optimal quality and quantity of cellular proteins for normal cardiac function. Translation factors also regulate the efficiency, speed, and fidelity of protein production and play a role in cardiac pathological remodeling under stress conditions. This review first introduces the techniques and methods used to study the translational regulation of gene expression in the cardiac system. We then summarize discoveries of a variety of pathophysiological functions and molecular mechanisms of translational control in cardiac health and disease, focusing on two primary symptoms, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. In these sessions, we discuss the translational regulation directed by specific regulatory factors in cardiac physiology and how their genetic mutations, expression dysregulation, or functional alterations contribute to the etiology of heart disease. Notably, translational control exhibits extensive crosstalk with other processes, including transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial metabolism, and sarcomere homeostasis. Furthermore, recent findings have revealed the role of translational regulation in cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration, providing new approaches for creating regenerative medicine. Because transcript-specific translational regulation of both pathological and protective proteins occurs in heart disease, target-selective translation inhibitors and enhancers can be developed. These inhibitors and enhancers offer valuable insights into novel therapeutic targets and the development of RNA-based drugs for heart disease treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Molecular Research in Cardiology and Treatment Approaches)

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18 pages, 983 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analytics and Trends over Time of Wildfires in Protected Areas in Greece and Other Mediterranean Countries

by Aristides Moustakas

Fire 2025, 8(8), 324; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8080324 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

Wildfires are becoming more frequent and widespread, posing a threat to European ecosystems. Recent findings quantified a large fraction of Europe’s burnt areas within Natura 2000 protected area sites. This study analyzed total wildfire events and burnt areas in Greece. The frequency of [...] Read more.

Wildfires are becoming more frequent and widespread, posing a threat to European ecosystems. Recent findings quantified a large fraction of Europe’s burnt areas within Natura 2000 protected area sites. This study analyzed total wildfire events and burnt areas in Greece. The frequency of protected area burn percentages per fire event and their trend over time were quantified. The mean protected area percentage of burn per fire event across other Mediterranean countries was compared. Results indicated an increase in the total number of wildfire events over time, while total burnt area was highest in recent years but generally varied. Forest-type vegetation burn exhibits no trend over time with the exception being that the transitional vegetation percentage of burn per wildfire is increasing, while agricultural land is decreasing. The protected area percentage of burn per wildfire is not related with total area burn. The majority of the high percentage protected area burns derive mainly from small or medium total area burn wildfires. More than a third of wildfires burned exclusively (100%) Natura protected area surfaces. Protected area percent per burn is increasing over time. This increase is not related to the increased total burnt area. Protected area percent per burn is considerably higher in Greece in comparison to Italy, Spain, and Portugal. Protected area percent per burn is increasing over time in Greece and with a slower slope in Portugal, while it has no monotonic trend in Italy and Spain. Reserves face increasing burn frequency, necessitating effective management strategies to conserve them. Climate change exacerbates total wildfires or surface area burned but cannot entirely explain the steep increase in protected area percent per burn. While a legislative framework preventing arson exists, management measures need to further improve the efficacy and clarity of legislation. High-power electricity networks and wind and solar energy facilities are often causes of wildfires and should receive low priority or not be licensed in Natura areas. Full article

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24 pages, 2880 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multiple Strategies Confirm the Anti Hepatocellular Carcinoma Effect of Cinnamic Acid Based on the PI3k-AKT Pathway

by Jiageng Guo, Lijiao Yan, Qi Yang, Huaying Li, Yu Tian, Jieyi Yang, Jinling Xie, Fan Zhang and Erwei Hao

Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(8), 1205; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18081205 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its high recurrence rate and limited treatment options underscore the urgent need for the development of new and highly effective drugs. Methods: This study systematically explores the molecular mechanism [...] Read more.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its high recurrence rate and limited treatment options underscore the urgent need for the development of new and highly effective drugs. Methods: This study systematically explores the molecular mechanism of cinnamic acid against hepatocellular carcinoma through integrated machine learning prediction, network pharmacological analysis and in vitro experimental verification. Results: The prediction of anti-tumor activity based on the random forest model showed that cinnamic acid has significant anti-tumor potential (probability = 0.69). Network pharmacology screened 185 intersection targets of cinnamic acid and liver cancer, of which 39 core targets (such as PIK3R1, AKT1, MAPK1) were identified as key regulatory hubs through protein interaction network and topological analysis. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these targets were mainly enriched in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway (p = 2.1 × 10⁻¹²), the cancer pathway (p = 3.8 × 10⁻¹⁰), and apoptosis-related biological processes. Molecular docking validation revealed that the binding energies of cinnamic acid with the 19 core targets were all below −5 kcal/mol, a threshold indicating strong binding affinity in molecular docking. The binding modes to PIK3R1 (−5.4 kcal/mol) and AKT1 (−5.1 kcal/mol) stabilized through hydrogen bonding. In vitro, cinnamic acid dose-dependently inhibited Hep3B proliferation/migration, induced apoptosis, downregulated PI3K, p-AKT, and Bcl-2, and upregulated Bax and Caspase-3/8. Conclusions: This study systematically reveals, for the first time, that the multi-target mechanism of cinnamic acid exerts anti-hepatic cancer effects by targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, supporting its potential as a natural anti-tumor drug. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Anti-Cancer Drugs: 2nd Edition)

24 pages, 6538 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Inhibitory Effects and Molecular Mechanism of Four Theaflavins on Isozymes of CYP450 and UGTs

by Lin Hu, Zhuohan Hu, Junying Peng, Aixiang Hou, Zhubing Hao, Zhongqin Wu, Yan Li, Ke Li, Zongjun Li, Zhonghua Liu, Yu Xiao and Yuanliang Wang

Foods 2025, 14(16), 2822; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14162822 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

Theaflavins, benzotropolone compounds formed during black tea processing via catechin condensation, have drawn attention for their potential health benefits and diverse biological effects. This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of four theaflavin monomers—theaflavin-3′-gallate, theaflavin-3,3′-digallate, theaflavin-3-gallate, and theaflavin—on eight CYP450 enzymes using pooled human [...] Read more.

Theaflavins, benzotropolone compounds formed during black tea processing via catechin condensation, have drawn attention for their potential health benefits and diverse biological effects. This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of four theaflavin monomers—theaflavin-3′-gallate, theaflavin-3,3′-digallate, theaflavin-3-gallate, and theaflavin—on eight CYP450 enzymes using pooled human liver microsomes and specific probe substrates, and seven UGT enzymes using human recombinant UGT enzymes and specific probe substrates. Theaflavin-3′-gallate moderately inhibited CYP1A2-catalyzed phenacetin metabolism and CYP2C8-mediated amodiaquine metabolism, with IC₅₀ values of 8.67 μM and 10–20 μM, respectively. Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate exhibited similar effects. Both compounds showed negligible inhibition with other CYP enzymes. In UGT assays, theaflavin-3′-gallate and theaflavin-3,3′-digallate moderately inhibited UGT1A1- and UGT1A3-mediated beta-estradiol glucuronidation (IC₅₀: 1.40–5.22 μM), with weak or no effects on other UGT enzymes. Molecular docking revealed that CYP1A2-theaflavin-3′-gallate and CYP2C8-theaflavin-3,3′-digallate interactions were non-competitive, primarily mediated by hydrogen bonding and π-interactions. UGT1A1-theaflavin interactions suggested non-competitive inhibition, while UGT1A3-theaflavin interactions indicated competitive inhibition. Other enzyme-theaflavin interactions exhibited minimal binding energy differences, implying mixed-type inhibition. These findings highlight the selective inhibitory effects of theaflavins on specific hepatic enzymes, with potential implications for nutrient interactions, particularly for nutrients metabolized by CYP1A2, CYP2C8, UGT1A1, and UGT1A3. Further research is needed to explore the in vivo relevance and assess the dietary implications of theaflavin-rich black tea in nutrition and metabolism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potential Health Benefits of Plant Food-Derived Bioactive Compounds)

19 pages, 3638 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Deformation, Failure Mechanism and Control Technology of Soft Rock Roadways Buried Under Coal Pillars: A Case Study

by Yewu Bi, Yichen Li, Feng Xu and Lihua Zhu

Processes 2025, 13(8), 2570; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082570 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

Close-distance coal seam mining in Danhou coal mine has caused serious deformation in the underlying soft rock roadways. The mechanism of this type of deformation is explored through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, and corresponding control measures are proposed. Firstly, the mechanical model [...] Read more.

Close-distance coal seam mining in Danhou coal mine has caused serious deformation in the underlying soft rock roadways. The mechanism of this type of deformation is explored through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, and corresponding control measures are proposed. Firstly, the mechanical model of abutment stress transfer along the underlying rock stratum is established, and the analytical solution of abutment stress at any point of the underlying rock stratum is derived. Secondly, the impact of upper working face mining on the underlying soft rock roadway is investigated through numerical simulation. Subsequently, the stress distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock of the rectangular roadway and straight- wall arch roadway are compared and analyzed. Finally, a support scheme for the underlying soft rock roadway is presented and implemented in engineering practice. Field engineering application results demonstrate that, after the combined support of high-strength bolts and grouting, the average deformation on both sides of the roadway is reduced by 63.4%, and the average floor heave is decreased by 93%. This indicates that the technology effectively controls the deformation of the surrounding rock in soft rock roadways during close-distance coal seam mining. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring, Process Control and Prevention Measures for Safety Problems in Coal Mining)

19 pages, 6660 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chemistry, Raman Spectroscopy and Micro-Textures of Theophrastite and Other Ni-Minerals from the Vermion Fe-Ni-Laterites, Greece: Genetic Significance

by Maria Economou-Eliopoulos, Christos Kanellopoulos, Angeliki Papoutsa, Theodoros Markopoulos, Federica Zaccarini and Maria Perraki

Minerals 2025, 15(8), 857; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15080857 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

A small, strongly schistose Ni-laterite occurrence at the Vermion ophiolite (40°26′ Ν, 22°10′ Ε), Northen Greece, along a strong shear zone, is characterized by relatively high Ni, Co and Mn contents, magnetite as the dominant mineral, garnet (grossularite), theophrastite [β-Ni(OH)₂], otwayite-like [...] Read more.

A small, strongly schistose Ni-laterite occurrence at the Vermion ophiolite (40°26′ Ν, 22°10′ Ε), Northen Greece, along a strong shear zone, is characterized by relatively high Ni, Co and Mn contents, magnetite as the dominant mineral, garnet (grossularite), theophrastite [β-Ni(OH)₂], otwayite-like phase (ideally Ni₂CO₃(OH)₂.H₂O), (Ni, Co, Mn)-hydroxides, and Ni-phyllosilicates. New analytical data, including black-white and color back-scattered electron images (BSEIs), elemental mapping and scanning, and Raman Spectroscopy, alongside silicates and hydroxides revealed the presence of varying silica content (less than 1 to 29 wt.%) in theophrastite and in (Ni, Co, Mn ± Fe)-hydroxides, although the X-ray powder diffraction data correspond to those of pure hydroxides. The gradual stacking of fine fibrous otwayite-like crystals to the boundaries of successive thin layers and within layers themselves, results in porous mineral phases of varying density shifting towards more compact mineral with increasing residence time. The presented data suggest that a potential explanation of the presence of Si in theophrastite may be the precipitation of Si after initial Ni-hydroxyl-carbonate fine crystals deposition. A potential sequence of the stability of Ni-minerals at Vermion may be as follows: Hydroxyl-carbonates < [β-Ni(OH)₂] (theophrastite) < (Ni, Co, Mn)(OH)₂ < Ni-phyllosilicates; this may be a significant factor for Ni-exploration in Ni-larerite deposits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Crystallography and Physical Chemistry of Minerals & Nanominerals)

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19 pages, 365 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Approach to Obtain Upper Ergodicity Bounds for Some QBDs with Countable State Space

by Yacov Satin, Rostislav Razumchik and Alexander Zeifman

Mathematics 2025, 13(16), 2604; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13162604 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

Usually, when the computation of limiting distributions of (in)homogeneous (in)finite continuous-time Markov chains (CTMC) has to be performed numerically, the algorithm has to be told when to stop the computation. Such an instruction can be constructed based on available ergodicity bounds. One of [...] Read more.

Usually, when the computation of limiting distributions of (in)homogeneous (in)finite continuous-time Markov chains (CTMC) has to be performed numerically, the algorithm has to be told when to stop the computation. Such an instruction can be constructed based on available ergodicity bounds. One of the analytical methods to obtain ergodicity bounds for CTMCs is the logarithmic norm method. It can be applied to any CTMC; however, since the method requires a guessing step (search for proper Lyapunov functions), which may not be successful, the obtained bounds are not always meaningful. Moreover, the guessing step in the method cannot be eliminated or automated and has to be performed in each new use-case, i.e., for each new structure of the infinitesimal matrix. However, the simplicity of the method makes attempts to expand its scope tempting. In this paper, such an attempt is made. We present a new technique that allows one to apply, in one unified way, the logarithmic norm method to QBDs with countable state spaces. The technique involves the preprocessing of the infinitesimal matrix of the QBD, finding bounding for its blocks, and then merging them into the single explicit upper bound. The applicability of the technique is demonstrated through a series of examples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Queueing Theory and Applications)

24 pages, 14239 KiB

Open AccessArticle

CAESAR: A Unified Framework for Foundation and Generative Models for Efficient Compression of Scientific Data

by Xiao Li, Liangji Zhu, Jaemoon Lee, Rahul Sengupta, Scott Klasky, Sanjay Ranka and Anand Rangarajan

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(16), 8977; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15168977 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

We introduce CAESAR, a new framework for scientific data reduction that stands for Conditional AutoEncoder with Super-resolution for Augmented Reduction. The baseline model, CAESAR-V, is built on a standard variational autoencoder with scale hyperpriors and super-resolution modules to achieve high compression. It encodes [...] Read more.

We introduce CAESAR, a new framework for scientific data reduction that stands for Conditional AutoEncoder with Super-resolution for Augmented Reduction. The baseline model, CAESAR-V, is built on a standard variational autoencoder with scale hyperpriors and super-resolution modules to achieve high compression. It encodes data into a latent space and uses learned priors for compact, information-rich representations. The enhanced version, CAESAR-D, begins by compressing keyframes using an autoencoder and extends the architecture by incorporating conditional diffusion to interpolate the latent spaces of missing frames between keyframes. This enables high-fidelity reconstruction of intermediate data without requiring their explicit storage. By distinguishing CAESAR-V (variational) from CAESAR-D (diffusion-enhanced), we offer a modular family of solutions that balance compression efficiency, reconstruction accuracy, and computational cost for scientific data workflows. Additionally, we develop a GPU-accelerated postprocessing module which enforces error bounds on the reconstructed data, achieving real-time compression while maintaining rigorous accuracy guarantees. Experimental results across multiple scientific datasets demonstrate that our framework achieves up to 10× higher compression ratios compared to rule-based compressors such as SZ3. This work provides a scalable, domain-adaptive solution for efficient storage and transmission of large-scale scientific simulation data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)

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19 pages, 728 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integration of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Dimensional Entropy Minimization in Furniture Design

by Anna Jasińska and Maciej Sydor

Information 2025, 16(8), 692; https://doi.org/10.3390/info16080692 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in furniture design is challenged by increasing product complexity and component proliferation. This study introduces a novel framework that integrates entropy reduction—achieved through dimensional standardization and modularity—as a core factor in the MCDA methodologies. The framework addresses both individual [...] Read more.

Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in furniture design is challenged by increasing product complexity and component proliferation. This study introduces a novel framework that integrates entropy reduction—achieved through dimensional standardization and modularity—as a core factor in the MCDA methodologies. The framework addresses both individual furniture evaluation and product family optimization through systematic complexity reduction. The research employed a two-phase methodology. First, a comparative analysis evaluated two furniture variants (laminated particleboard versus oak wood) using the Weighted Sum Model (WSM) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The divergent rankings produced by these methods revealed inherent evaluation ambiguities stemming from their distinct mathematical foundations, highlighting the need for additional decision criteria. Building on these findings, the study further examined ten furniture variants, identifying the potential to transform their individual components into universal components, applicable across various furniture variants (or configurations) in a furniture line. The proposed dimensional modifications enhance modularity and interoperability within product lines, simplifying design processes, production, warehousing logistics, product servicing, and liquidation at end of lifetime. The integration of entropy reduction as a quantifiable criterion within MCDA represents a significant methodological advancement. By prioritizing dimensional standardization and modularity, the framework reduces component variety while maintaining design flexibility. This approach offers furniture manufacturers a systematic method for balancing product diversity with operational efficiency, addressing a critical gap in current design evaluation practices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Applications in Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis, 3rd Edition)

14 pages, 653 KiB

Open AccessReview

Cadmium-Induced Bone Toxicity: Deciphering the Osteoclast–Osteoblast Crosstalk

by Shuangjiang He and Kanglei Zhang

Biology 2025, 14(8), 1051; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14081051 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd), a pervasive environmental and industrial toxicant, bioaccumulates and exerts severe detrimental effects on skeletal integrity across diverse animal species. Cd-induced bone injury manifests as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and increased fracture risk, posing significant health and welfare concerns for wildlife and livestock inhabiting [...] Read more.

Cadmium (Cd), a pervasive environmental and industrial toxicant, bioaccumulates and exerts severe detrimental effects on skeletal integrity across diverse animal species. Cd-induced bone injury manifests as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and increased fracture risk, posing significant health and welfare concerns for wildlife and livestock inhabiting contaminated ecosystems. The pathogenesis hinges critically on the disruption of bone remodeling, a tightly regulated process orchestrated by osteoclasts (OCs) responsible for bone resorption and osteoblasts (OBs) responsible for bone formation. This comprehensive review synthesizes the latest mechanistic insights into how Cd disturbs OC and OB function and their intricate crosstalk, leading to net bone loss. Cd directly impairs OB proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization capacity through multiple pathways, including the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, induction of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, promotion of apoptosis and senescence, and disruption of extracellular matrix protein synthesis. Simultaneously, Cd potently stimulates excessive OC formation and activity. It achieves this by upregulating the RANKL/OPG axis, enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production which activates key OC transcription factors, modulating key signaling pathways, and promoting pro-osteoclastogenic inflammatory cytokine release from bone marrow and immune cells. Critically, Cd disrupts the vital communication between OBs and OCs, perturbing the coupling signals essential for balanced remodeling. Emerging evidence highlights roles for Cd-induced epigenetic modifications and autophagy/mitophagy flux alterations. This narrative review integrates the findings from in vivo animal models and in vitro cellular studies, providing potential therapeutic interventions and mitigation strategies for Cd-induced bone toxicity. Understanding these complex and interacting mechanisms provides a foundation for identifying potential therapeutic targets to mitigate Cd bone toxicity in animals and informs ecological risk assessment and management strategies in contaminated environments. Full article

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12 pages, 1927 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita: Case Series and Literature Review

by Mărioara Boia, Daniela-Eugenia Popescu, Ana Maria Cristina Jura, Valerica Belengeanu, Nicoleta Lungu, Aniko Maria Manea, Florina Stoica, Corina Pienar and Eugen Radu Boia

Diagnostics 2025, 15(16), 2043; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15162043 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background: Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) is a rare congenital vascular anomaly characterized by a persistent, violaceous, reticulated skin pattern. It may present as a benign isolated lesion or as part of a broader syndrome with systemic anomalies such as limb asymmetry, glaucoma, [...] Read more.

Background: Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) is a rare congenital vascular anomaly characterized by a persistent, violaceous, reticulated skin pattern. It may present as a benign isolated lesion or as part of a broader syndrome with systemic anomalies such as limb asymmetry, glaucoma, or neurological impairment. Methods: We report a case series of three neonates with CMTC, each representing a distinct clinical pattern: localized, segmental, and generalized. All patients underwent comprehensive clinical assessment, including dermatologic, neurologic, and ophthalmologic evaluations. Additionally, a systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, covering publications from 2012 to 2025. Results: Case 1 involved a localized lesion of the calf; Case 2 had segmental involvement of the forearm and leg; Case 3 presented with generalized CMTC covering over 85% of the body surface, accompanied by dysmorphism and bilateral persistent fetal vasculature (PFV). Literature findings highlighted significant clinical variability and a stronger association of generalized forms with systemic abnormalities. Conclusions: CMTC exhibits a broad clinical spectrum. While localized cases often resolve spontaneously, generalized forms may require multidisciplinary evaluation. Early recognition and systemic screening are crucial for optimal management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rare Diseases: Diagnosis and Management)

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45 pages, 5732 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tracing Heavy Metal Pollution in the Romanian Black Sea: A Multi-Matrix Study of Contaminant Profiles and Ecological Risk Across the Continental Shelf and Beyond

by Andra Oros, Dragos Marin, Gulten Reiz and Robert Daniel Nenita

Water 2025, 17(16), 2406; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17162406 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive six-year assessment (2018–2023) of heavy metal contamination in the Romanian Black Sea sector, integrating data from seawater, surface sediments, and benthic mollusks. Sampling was conducted across a broad spatial gradient, including transitional, coastal, shelf, and offshore waters beyond [...] Read more.

This study provides a comprehensive six-year assessment (2018–2023) of heavy metal contamination in the Romanian Black Sea sector, integrating data from seawater, surface sediments, and benthic mollusks. Sampling was conducted across a broad spatial gradient, including transitional, coastal, shelf, and offshore waters beyond 200 m depth. Concentrations of six potentially toxic metals, including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and cobalt (Co), were measured to evaluate regional variability, potential sources, and ecological implications. Results indicate some exceedances of regulatory thresholds for Cd and Pb in transitional and coastal waters, associated with Danube River input and coastal pressures. Seabed substrate analysis revealed widespread enrichment in Ni, moderate levels of Cr, and sporadic Cd elevation in Danube-influenced areas, along with localized hotspots of Cu and Pb near port and industrial zones. Biological uptake patterns in mollusks (bivalves Mytilus galloprovincialis and Anadara inequivalvis and gastropod Rapana venosa) highlighted Cd among key metals of concern, with elevated Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Biota–Sediment Accumulation Factor (BAF). Offshore waters generally exhibited lower pollution levels. However, isolated exceedances, such as Cr outliers recorded in 2022, suggest that deep-sea inputs from atmospheric or maritime sources may be both episodic in nature and underrecognized due to limited monitoring coverage. The combined use of water, sediment, and biota data emphasize the strength of multi-matrix approaches in marine pollution evaluation, revealing persistent nearshore pressures and less predictable offshore anomalies. These findings contribute to a more complete understanding of heavy metal distribution in the northwestern Black Sea and provide a scientific basis for improving long-term environmental monitoring and risk management strategies in the region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology: Characteristics, Risks and Strategies)

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17 pages, 2245 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Energy-Efficient Scheme for Waking Co-Channel TDMA in LoRa Networks via the Integration of Bidirectional Timestamp Correction and Address Recognition

by Zongliang Xu, Guicai Yu, Yingcong Luo and Hao Jiang

Future Internet 2025, 17(8), 369; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17080369 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

To address the issues of high energy consumption, data collisions, and invalid wake-ups of nontarget nodes in large-scale node-deployment scenarios of long-range (LoRa) star networks, this paper proposes an energy-saving wake-up scheme that combines (i) time-division multiple access (TDMA) slot allocation based on [...] Read more.

To address the issues of high energy consumption, data collisions, and invalid wake-ups of nontarget nodes in large-scale node-deployment scenarios of long-range (LoRa) star networks, this paper proposes an energy-saving wake-up scheme that combines (i) time-division multiple access (TDMA) slot allocation based on bidirectional timestamp correction with (ii) a sensing and communication integrated (ISAC) scheme proposed for physical address identification of LoRa nodes operating on the same channel. The scheme incorporates parameter estimation of the LoRa channel, which effectively enhances the identification accuracy and improves the system’s robustness. The proposed scheme consists of two parts: First, in case nodes briefly lose power, a bidirectional timestamp calibration algorithm and GPS-assisted timing are used to synchronize the gateway and each node with high precision, ensuring the accurate scheduling of the TDMA mechanism. Second, based on time synchronization, a “slot–LoRa module address” mapping table is constructed to set the communication time points between the gateway and each node. The gateway can wake the target nodes at specific, precise communication time points. Experimental results show that the proposed method maintains the error range within ±1 ms. The significant decrease in the rate of unnecessary node wake-up decreases data collisions and energy waste in the same channel environment. Energy savings scale with network size, thereby significantly extending the network life cycle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Propagation Channel Estimation Techniques for Sixth-Generation (6G) Wireless Communications)

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18 pages, 458 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Low Free T3 with Disease Presence and Activity in Ankylosing Spondylitis

by Enver Ciftel, Aleksandra Klisic, Bayram Kizilkaya, Osman Cure, Filiz Mercantepe, Sibel Mataraci Karakas and Ana Ninić

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(16), 7862; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26167862 (registering DOI) - 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by axial skeletal involvement and systemic metabolic changes. While inflammation is central to its pathophysiology, the potential role of thyroid hormones, particularly free triiodothyronine (FT3), in disease risk and activity remains underexplored. The objective [...] Read more.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by axial skeletal involvement and systemic metabolic changes. While inflammation is central to its pathophysiology, the potential role of thyroid hormones, particularly free triiodothyronine (FT3), in disease risk and activity remains underexplored. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between serum FT3 levels and both the presence and clinical activity of AS, while also examining other endocrine-metabolic parameters. In this cross-sectional study, 120 AS patients and 117 healthy controls were assessed. Demographic, anthropometric, hematologic, and biochemical parameters were recorded. Disease activity was determined using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), with BASDAI ≥ 4 indicating active disease. Logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and other relevant covariates were applied to identify independent predictors. FT3 levels were significantly lower in AS patients compared to controls (3.25 [3.01–3.58] vs. 3.44 [3.16–3.69] pg/mL, p = 0.037) and in patients with BASDAI ≥ 4 versus BASDAI < 4 (3.20 [2.94–3.48] vs. 3.44 [3.19–3.83] pg/mL, p = 0.004). The reduction was more evident in women, where it reflected disease presence, whereas in men it was associated with high disease activity. Low FT3 independently predicted both AS (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28–0.92, p = 0.026) and active disease (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.99, p = 0.047). Lower HDL-C, BMI, and creatinine, and higher leukocyte counts were also associated with AS, but not with disease activity. Low-normal FT3 is independently associated with both the presence and activity of AS, reflecting disease presence in women and disease activity in men. This is the first study to demonstrate this sex-specific association after adjusting for metabolic parameters and multiple covariates, highlighting FT3’s potential as a marker of inflammation-driven metabolic dysregulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modulating the Function of the Immune System by Thyrotropin and Thyroid Hormones)

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