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27 pages, 1084 KB

Open AccessArticle

Smarter Technologies, Innovation, and Managerial Capabilities Driving Hotel Sustainability: The Integration of Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Perspective

by Ahmed Hassan Abdou

Tour. Hosp. 2025, 6(5), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp6050252 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

While prior research has examined the role of smart technologies (e.g., IoT and AI) in sustainability, the combined influence of IoT, AI, and organizational capabilities on hotel sustainable performance, particularly through the mediating roles of data-driven decision-making and innovation capability, remains underexplored. This [...] Read more.

While prior research has examined the role of smart technologies (e.g., IoT and AI) in sustainability, the combined influence of IoT, AI, and organizational capabilities on hotel sustainable performance, particularly through the mediating roles of data-driven decision-making and innovation capability, remains underexplored. This study investigates how the integration of smart technologies, specifically the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), as well as dynamic managerial capabilities focusing on data-driven decision-making (DDM) and innovation capability (IC), enhances hotel sustainable performance (HSP) within the context of Saudi Arabia’s hospitality sector. Grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT), the research develops and tests a conceptual model that explores both the mediating roles of DDM and IC in the link between IoT and HSP and the moderating role of AI application in the relationships between IoT and DDM, IC, and HSP. Using data collected from 312 managers of four- and five-star hotels across Saudi Arabia, the study employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the hypothesized relationships. The results reveal that IoT has a significant positive effect on HSP, DDM, and IC. Further, the IoT-HSP relationship is partially mediated by both DDM and IC. Furthermore, AI significantly strengthens the relationships between IoT and DDM, IoT and IC, and IoT and HSP, highlighting AI’s crucial role as an enabler of digital transformation and sustainability. The findings extend the RBV and DCT by demonstrating how technological resources, when combined with dynamic managerial capabilities, lead to superior sustainability outcomes. Practically, the study emphasizes that hotels must pair digital adoption with employee training, innovation culture, and AI-powered analytics to enhance HSP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data-Driven Insights in Tourism and Hospitality: Smart Technologies and Data Science)

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20 pages, 1051 KB

Open AccessReview

Relative and Absolute Decoupling: Conceptual Confusions, Policy Consequences, and a Multi-Level Synthesis

by Bashkim Cerkini, Roberta Bajrami and Kaltrina Bajraktari

Economies 2025, 13(11), 336; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13110336 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

Relative and absolute decoupling between economic growth and environmental pressures is one of the most contested topics in ecological economics. This article situates the decoupling debate within a philosophical and normative framework, building on recent critical contributions and on empirical evidence that challenges [...] Read more.

Relative and absolute decoupling between economic growth and environmental pressures is one of the most contested topics in ecological economics. This article situates the decoupling debate within a philosophical and normative framework, building on recent critical contributions and on empirical evidence that challenges the green growth narrative. Through a critical analysis of key methodologies, including the TDI, LMDI decomposition, the CAPRO ratio, and MRIO models, it shows that the choice of indicators is not neutral but carries implicit assumptions about progress, ecological limits, and climate justice. The review of empirical results indicates that robust, sustained absolute decoupling is rare and often undermined by rebound effects, outsourcing, or temporary crisis-driven contractions, whereas relative decoupling dominates. On this basis, the article advances a multi-level decoupling synthesis that integrates empirical indicators with normative thresholds such as planetary boundaries, sufficient absolute decoupling, and climate justice, thereby reframing sustainability assessment from the narrow question of technical feasibility to the broader issue of ecological and ethical legitimacy. Full article

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18 pages, 768 KB

Open AccessReview

How Does Maternal Immune Activity Affect Fetal Survival and Brain Development? The Critical Roles of IL-17A and Microglia

by Asumi Kubo, Sara Kamiya, Sae Sanaka, Kenyu Nakamura, Kyoko Kishi and Tetsuya Sasaki

Neuroglia 2025, 6(4), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/neuroglia6040045 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

Maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of fetal loss and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. This review summarizes recent findings on the effects of MIA on fetal survival and microglial phenotype. Studies using polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)-induced MIA mouse [...] Read more.

Maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of fetal loss and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. This review summarizes recent findings on the effects of MIA on fetal survival and microglial phenotype. Studies using polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)-induced MIA mouse models have revealed the crucial role of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in mediating these effects. Overexpression of RORγt, a key transcription factor for IL-17A production, enhances poly(I: C)-induced fetal loss, possibly due to increased placental vulnerability. Intraventricular administration of IL-17A in fetal brains activates microglia and alters their localization, particularly in periventricular regions and the medial cortex. These activated microglia may contribute to abnormal synaptic pruning and excessive phagocytosis of neural progenitor cells, potentially leading to long-term neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The insights gained from MIA research have important clinical implications, including the potential for early identification of high-risk pregnancies and the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. Future research should focus on elucidating the roles of other cytokines, determining critical periods of MIA susceptibility, and translating findings to human populations, while carefully considering ethical implications and the need for appropriate risk communication. Full article

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11 pages, 469 KB

Open AccessArticle

Objective Analysis of Reading Ability Using an Eye Tracker in Intermittent Exotropia

by Dong Hyun Kim, Jeong-Min Hwang and Hee Kyung Yang

Life 2025, 15(11), 1778; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15111778 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study’s objective was to analyze the reading ability in patients with intermittent exotropia using an eye tracker and determine how the clinical characteristics of intermittent exotropia may affect reading ability. Methods: We compared the reading speed (LPS; letters per [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: This study’s objective was to analyze the reading ability in patients with intermittent exotropia using an eye tracker and determine how the clinical characteristics of intermittent exotropia may affect reading ability. Methods: We compared the reading speed (LPS; letters per second) of 25 intermittent exotropia patients to 25 age-matched normal controls who were 13 years old or older with best-corrected visual acuities of ≥20/25. Correlations between reading ability and clinical characteristics of intermittent exotropia were evaluated. Results: Reading speed was significantly slower in the intermittent exotropia group (6.1 ± 0.81 LPS) than in the control group (6.8 ± 1.11 LPS, p = 0.014). The Newcastle control scores, Mayo Clinic office-based scale and the patients’ deviation angle were not significantly related to reading speed (p = 0.132, 0.197, and 0.807, respectively). Fixation disparity score measured with an eye tracker during the reading task showed a statistically significant negative correlation with reading speed (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = −0.458, p = 0.028). Conclusions: Reading speed was slower in patients with intermittent exotropia compared to age-matched controls without strabismus. Only objective fusional control scores measured with an eye tracker showed significant correlation with the reading speed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Physiology and Pathology)

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15 pages, 1958 KB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Effects of Various Plasticizers on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Film for Food Packaging

by Siwar Taamallah, Sabrine Douiri, Sherif M. A. S. Keshk, Rim Ben Arfi, Achraf Ghorbal, Khaled Charradi, Rached Ben Hassen, Hamadi Attia and Dorra Ghorbel

Polymers 2025, 17(22), 3071; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17223071 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

This work examined the effects of four plasticizers, glycerol (GLY), potassium phosphate (PHOS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and soy lecithin (SL), on the structural, surface, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) films. FTIR spectra demonstrated that these plasticizers maintained the PHB molecular [...] Read more.

This work examined the effects of four plasticizers, glycerol (GLY), potassium phosphate (PHOS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and soy lecithin (SL), on the structural, surface, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) films. FTIR spectra demonstrated that these plasticizers maintained the PHB molecular structure, while X-ray diffraction data proved that PHB crystallinity decreased upon adding SL, GLY, and PHOS. Under SEM, we discovered several defects in the plasticized samples, most of which were holes of distinct sizes and forms. The thermal analyses evaluated the impact of plasticization on PHB thermal processability, demonstrating that the material’s thermal stability improved, easing thermal processing due to the reduced melting peak temperatures (T_m) caused by all the additives assessed. While PEG, GLY, and PHOS reduced the hydrophilicity of the film, SL enhanced its affinity to water, as shown by the contact angle measurements. Reduced transparency resulted from adding 20% plasticizers with an increase of 345% in elongation at break and a decrease of 67% in elastic modulus compared to pristine PHB. Thus, SL proved to be the most promising of the four plasticizers used in terms of mechanical properties, crucial for PHB-based films for food packaging. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer Packaging: Sustainable Innovations and Alternatives to Fossil-Based Materials)

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10 pages, 564 KB

Open AccessArticle

Cardiovascular Surgery in Conflict Zones: Insights from 2169 Cases in Wartime Yemen

by Anwar Al Sayani, Abdlnasser Munibari, Tayeb Bafadhl, Eiman Andragiri, Yasser Elghoneimy and Mohammed Al-Hariri

Emerg. Care Med. 2025, 2(4), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecm2040054 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background: This study represents the first registry to assess patients’ clinical characteristics and key predictors of 30-day post-cardiovascular surgery mortality in wartime Yemen. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 2169 patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Comprehensive patient data were extracted from Nabdh Al-Hayat Cardiac [...] Read more.

Background: This study represents the first registry to assess patients’ clinical characteristics and key predictors of 30-day post-cardiovascular surgery mortality in wartime Yemen. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 2169 patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Comprehensive patient data were extracted from Nabdh Al-Hayat Cardiac Center registries across Hadhramaut Governorate, Republic of Yemen, over 7 years from 2018 to 2024. Results: The study cohort comprised predominantly adult patients, with 69% aged 18 years and above, while 31% were under 18 years of age. The overall survival rate was high (95%), yet 5% of the patients experienced 30-day postoperative mortality. Cold cardioplegia and certain solution types were associated with increased mortality. Heart failure and ventricular dysfunction accounted for most mortality, though non-cardiac factors, such as cerebral hemorrhage and multi-organ failure, contributed as well. Conclusions: While Yemen’s crises have devastated healthcare delivery, the 30-day postoperative mortality data highlight the resilience of coordinated efforts. However, current standards remain far from universal benchmarks, highlighting the urgent need to rebuild local capacity and ensure equitable access to cardiac surgical services nationwide. Full article

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18 pages, 3418 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Spatial Distribution and Bioaccumulation of Anatoxin-A in Hulun Lake

by Shiyu Li, Rui Liu, Shuhao Guo, Xiaoxuan Chen, Wenxue Wu, Bo Pang, Zixuan Liu, Haiming Ying, Yanlong Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhang and Chengxue Ma

Toxics 2025, 13(11), 996; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13110996 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

The intensification of eutrophication in global water bodies has exacerbated the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms, whose secondary metabolites can have detrimental effects on animals, humans, and ecosystems. This study analyzed and statistically evaluated the species composition and distribution of phytoplankton, assessed the concentration [...] Read more.

The intensification of eutrophication in global water bodies has exacerbated the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms, whose secondary metabolites can have detrimental effects on animals, humans, and ecosystems. This study analyzed and statistically evaluated the species composition and distribution of phytoplankton, assessed the concentration of anatoxin-a (ATX-a) in environmental and biological samples (n = 261), and explored the spatial distribution and bioaccumulation of ATX-a in Hulun Lake (Inner Mongolia, China). In late July 2024, the cyanobacteria Dolichospermum spp. comprised 85.5% of the total phytoplankton density. ATX-a levels were vertically distributed with higher concentrations in deeper water (3 m; 146.69 ± 11.84 ng·L⁻¹) and sediments (3.28 ± 0.45 ng·g⁻¹ dry weight) as compared to surface layers (0.5 m; 132.46 ± 8.19 ng·L⁻¹). In fish, bioaccumulation of ATX-a was greatest in the liver (2.37 ± 1.85 ng·g⁻¹), followed by intestinal contents (1.83 ± 0.74 ng·g⁻¹), with minimal accumulation in muscle tissues (1.74 ± 0.77 ng·g⁻¹). ATX-a levels were higher in smaller fish (minnows) than larger fish (Predatory carp, Gibel carp, and European carp). Additionally, all fish tissue samples contained ATX-a, suggesting that aquatic organisms were continuously exposed to ATX-a throughout the summer. A biodilution of ATX-a was observed from phytoplankton (384.82 ± 176.82 ng·L⁻¹) to zooplankton (1.27 ± 0.12 ng·g⁻¹), followed by biomagnification from zooplankton to fish. Full article

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15 pages, 749 KB

Open AccessArticle

On the Solvability of Some Systems of Nonlinear Difference Equations

by Jawharah Ghuwayzi AL-Juaid

Symmetry 2025, 17(11), 2006; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17112006 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to find formulas for the solutions of the nonlinear system of difference equations related to symmetry [...] Read more.

The aim of this paper is to find formulas for the solutions of the nonlinear system of difference equations related to symmetry

P_{n + 1} = \frac{T_{n} T_{n - 2}}{- P_{n - 3} - T_{n}}, T_{n + 1} = \frac{P_{n} P_{n - 2}}{\pm T_{n - 3} \pm P_{n}},

where the initial conditions

P_{- 3}, P_{- 2}, P_{- 1}, P_{0}, T_{- 3}, T_{- 2}, T_{- 1}

, and

T_{0}

are arbitrary real numbers. Moreover, the theoretical results are verified through several numerical examples, which are simulated and graphically illustrated using mathematical programs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nonlinear Systems and Symmetry/Asymmetry)

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13 pages, 3593 KB

Open AccessArticle

Environmental Conditions and Mite Vectors Shape the Spatiotemporal Patterns of Scrub Typhus in Guangdong Province, Mainland China

by Peiwei Fan, Tian Ma, Ze Meng, Fangyu Ding, Shuai Chen, Mengmeng Hao, Jiaqi Li, Jun Zhuo, Jiping Dong, Wenqi Xie, Qian Wang, Tingting Kang, Kai Sun, Genan Wu, Yongqing Bai, Canjun Zheng and Dong Jiang

Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(11), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10110326 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

Scrub typhus has emerged as a life-threatening and increasingly prevalent vector-borne disease. While the spatial and temporal distributions of scrub typhus have been studied by the research community, the main driving factors that influence the spatiotemporal patterns of the disease remain under investigation. [...] Read more.

Scrub typhus has emerged as a life-threatening and increasingly prevalent vector-borne disease. While the spatial and temporal distributions of scrub typhus have been studied by the research community, the main driving factors that influence the spatiotemporal patterns of the disease remain under investigation. Using Guangdong Province as a case study, we combined monthly scrub typhus case data from 2010 to 2019 and environmental and vector-related datasets with a Bayesian hierarchical mixed model to elucidate the spatiotemporal characteristics of the disease. This study revealed that the most highly endemic areas of scrub typhus are concentrated in the western and southern parts of Guangdong Province. A distinct bimodal pattern of scrub typhus was observed, with peaks typically occurring from May to July and October to November. The fitted model indicated that forest, cropland, and chigger mites were positively associated with scrub typhus transmission. Furthermore, climate and vectors were identified as key factors shaping the bimodal seasonal patterns of scrub typhus. Despite data-related limitations, including the treatment of population as a time-invariant variable and the binary simplification of vector suitability, sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the model, offering valuable insights for scrub typhus prevention in Guangdong. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Vector-Borne Diseases)

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28 pages, 1142 KB

Open AccessArticle

Attitudinal Indicator Model for Disability Inclusion in Higher Education: Advancing Sustainable Development Goals in El Salvador

by Carlos Alberto Echeverría Mayorga and Marta Irene Flores Polanco

Sustainability 2025, 17(22), 10379; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210379 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

This study validates an empirical model of attitudinal indicators to assess the inclusion of students with physical motor disabilities in higher education. Grounded in the tripartite model of attitude and framed within the social model of disability, the research employed the SACIE-R scale [...] Read more.

This study validates an empirical model of attitudinal indicators to assess the inclusion of students with physical motor disabilities in higher education. Grounded in the tripartite model of attitude and framed within the social model of disability, the research employed the SACIE-R scale to measure emotional, cognitive, and behavioral predispositions among 384 faculty members from private universities in El Salvador, selected through stratified sampling. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified three latent dimensions—concerns and general attitudes, inclusive feelings, and cognitive–affective tension—explaining 56.36% of the variance, with strong reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.876). Chi-square tests revealed significant attitudinal differences by age, sex, training, and institutional affiliation. The resulting model translates latent predispositions into observable indicators of inclusive teaching competencies, providing a diagnostic and evaluative tool for higher education institutions. Beyond the Salvadoran context, the framework demonstrates potential scalability across Latin American systems with comparable socio-educational conditions. Importantly, the model contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 4, SDG 10, and SDG 16) by supporting inclusive and equitable quality education, reducing structural inequalities, and informing governance policies grounded in human rights. Findings highlight persistent attitudinal barriers and limited faculty preparedness, underscoring the need for sustainable institutional strategies. This research advances the debate on educational sustainability by linking faculty attitudes to long-term policy development, capacity-building, and institutional accountability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation and Sustainability in Inclusive Education)

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23 pages, 3971 KB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of an Efficient Ring-Based Total Order Protocol in a Fairness-Controlled Environment

by Agbaeze Ejem, Cosmas Ifeanyi Nwakanma, Ejem Agwu Ejem and Juliet Nnenna Odii

Digital 2025, 5(4), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/digital5040064 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

Crash-tolerant systems rely on total order protocols to ensure consistent request execution across replicated servers. The Logical Clock and Ring (LCR) protocol employs a ring-based, leaderless design that provides a high throughput but suffers latency inefficiencies under a high message concurrency due to [...] Read more.

Crash-tolerant systems rely on total order protocols to ensure consistent request execution across replicated servers. The Logical Clock and Ring (LCR) protocol employs a ring-based, leaderless design that provides a high throughput but suffers latency inefficiencies under a high message concurrency due to its use of vector clocks and a fixed last-process rule for ordering concurrent messages. This paper presents the Daisy Chain Total Order Protocol (DCTOP), an enhanced version of LCR that integrates Lamport logical clocks for message sequencing and introduces dynamic last-process identification based on sender activity to accelerate message stabilisation and delivery. A modified fairness-control mechanism further balances message distribution among processes. The simulation results show that the DCTOP achieves an over 40% latency reduction compared to LCR while maintaining the same fairness and throughput across various cluster configurations. Full article

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15 pages, 1641 KB

Open AccessArticle

Photosynthesis and Spatial Distribution of Surface Phytoplankton in the Yangtze Estuary and Adjacent Waters During Spring

by Haojie Hu, Jing Xia, Xiu Gao, Wenlian Huang, Jiuyi Pan, Zhi Chen and Ji Li

Biology 2025, 14(11), 1628; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14111628 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

Chlorophyll fluorescence provides direct insights into the physiological status of algae, contributing to the understanding of the marine carbon cycle. However, in situ measurements of phytoplankton photosynthetic physiology remain relatively scarce in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE), an ecosystem under intense anthropogenic pressure. [...] Read more.

Chlorophyll fluorescence provides direct insights into the physiological status of algae, contributing to the understanding of the marine carbon cycle. However, in situ measurements of phytoplankton photosynthetic physiology remain relatively scarce in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE), an ecosystem under intense anthropogenic pressure. Consequently, quantifying composition and physiological status variations of phytoplankton in this region is critical for understanding their ecological functions and responses. Spring cruise revealed that the warm and high-salinity oceanic region exhibited a greater abundance of dinoflagellates and chrysophytes, while the lower-salinity plume region was characterized by higher abundances of chlorophytes and cryptophytes. Diatoms dominated across all regions. The highest chlorophyll a concentration (6.3 μg/L) was observed in the oceanic region. Chlorophyll fluorescence indicated that the warm offshore community was more active, suggesting favorable phytoplankton growth. As temperature decreased and seawater mixed, the maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) and the minimal saturated light intensity (I_k) decreased, yet the overall community remained healthy. Despite the plume delivering abundant nutrients, phytoplankton activity was relatively low due to the cold spring water temperature. This study will provide a foundation for understanding phytoplankton dynamics under anthropogenic influences in the YRE and the adjacent East China Sea, supporting algal bloom monitoring and early warning efforts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biology, Ecology and Management of Aquatic Macrophytes and Algae—2nd Edition)

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17 pages, 3850 KB

Open AccessArticle

Traceable and Biocompatible Carbon Dots from Simple Precursors: A Pre-Deployment Safety Baseline

by Christian Silva-Sanzana, Plinio Innocenzi, Luca Malfatti, Federico Fiori, Francisca Blanco-Herrera, Juan Hormazabal, María Victoria Gangas, Oscar Diaz and Iván Balic

Agrochemicals 2025, 4(4), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals4040020 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

Carbon dots (CDs) are promising for agro-environmental applications; however, clear connections between synthesis, photophysical properties, size, and biosafety are often not well established. In this study, we map these relationships for glucose–arginine CDs (GA-CDs). By using microwave and hydrothermal routes at precursor ratios [...] Read more.

Carbon dots (CDs) are promising for agro-environmental applications; however, clear connections between synthesis, photophysical properties, size, and biosafety are often not well established. In this study, we map these relationships for glucose–arginine CDs (GA-CDs). By using microwave and hydrothermal routes at precursor ratios of 1:3, 1:9, and 1:15, we produced sub-10 nm nanoparticles (analyzed by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy) that exhibit tunable absorption and emission properties, as well as surface properties (demonstrated through UV–Vis spectroscopy, 3D photoluminescence, and FTIR analysis). The hydrothermal 1:9 condition yielded the narrowest size distribution and red-shifted photoluminescence. Across biological models spanning plants, insects, plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR), and human cells, GA-CDs were well tolerated, with no adverse changes detected in plant stress markers, aphid feeding behavior or fecundity, or PGPR growth. In A549 cells, viability remained stable up to a concentration of 0.125 mg mL⁻¹, while exposure to 0.5 mg mL⁻¹ reduced viability, establishing a practical operating range. These results provide a clearer picture of how the structure and properties of carbon dots derived from arginine and glucose are correlated to their safety. The GA-CDs are, therefore, useful, and traceable tools for agro-environmental research. The findings support their use as biocompatible nanomaterials for studying interactions among plants, insects, and microbes in agriculture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Fungicides and Bactericides)

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23 pages, 7595 KB

Open AccessArticle

Multiscale Coronary Arterial Network Generation and Hemodynamics Using Patient-Specific Fractional Myocardial Blood Volume

by Mostafa Mahmoudi, Arutyun Pogosyan, Amirhossein Arzani and Kim-Lien Nguyen

Bioengineering 2025, 12(11), 1274; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12111274 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although 90% of the intramyocardial blood volume resides in the microvasculature, clinical imaging methods cannot visualize the microvascular coronary network in vivo, and non-invasive hemodynamic estimates overlook patient-specific microcirculatory contributions. Herein, we [...] Read more.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although 90% of the intramyocardial blood volume resides in the microvasculature, clinical imaging methods cannot visualize the microvascular coronary network in vivo, and non-invasive hemodynamic estimates overlook patient-specific microcirculatory contributions. Herein, we present a multiscale framework to extend the epicardial coronary tree and generate 1D microvascular networks in the myocardium based on ferumoxytol-enhanced magnetic resonance coronary imaging and fractional myocardial blood volume (fMBV) maps. Synthetic arterial networks were constructed from MRI data belonging to three swine, four healthy volunteers, and one IHD patient using a modified multistage, adaptive constrained constructive optimization approach. Hemodynamic simulations were performed in synthetic arterial networks. Morphological parameters were compared with empirical models. In 126 arterial networks (n = 6000 terminal segments per subject per seed; six seeds per coronary vessel), the morphometry was strongly correlated with empirical data (r > 0.87), with low variability (CoV < 0.01) across multiple rounds of network simulations. Mixed-effects models and a Dynamic Time Warping analysis confirmed robustness and repeatability. In the IHD patient, simulated arterial networks (n = 15) reproduced tissue-dependent morphological and functional signatures consistent with coronary autoregulation in scar and hypoperfused tissues. The findings establish an early potential for patient-specific microvascular network synthesis and hemodynamic simulations from MRI data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials)

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14 pages, 607 KB

Open AccessArticle

Shear Bond Strength of Biointeractive Restorative Materials to NeoMTA Plus and Biodentine

by Zübeyde Uçar Gündoğar, Gül Keskin and Merve Yaman Küçükersen

Polymers 2025, 17(22), 3070; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17223070 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background: The bonding compatibility between calcium silicate-based bioceramic cements and restorative materials is critical for long-term success in pediatric dentistry. This study compared the shear bond strength (SBS) of contemporary biointeractive restorative materials to two widely used bioceramics, NeoMTA Plus (NM) and Biodentine [...] Read more.

Background: The bonding compatibility between calcium silicate-based bioceramic cements and restorative materials is critical for long-term success in pediatric dentistry. This study compared the shear bond strength (SBS) of contemporary biointeractive restorative materials to two widely used bioceramics, NeoMTA Plus (NM) and Biodentine (BD). Methods: Eighty acrylic resin blocks with standardized cavities were filled with either NM or BD (n = 40 each) and subdivided into four restorative groups: nanohybrid composite (Filtek Ultimate), giomer (Beautifil II), bioactive restorative (Activa BioActive Restorative), and high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX GP Extra) (n = 10 each). All restorations followed a standardized etch-and-bond protocol. SBS was measured using a universal testing machine, and failure modes were assessed under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD (p < 0.05). Results: BD exhibited significantly higher SBS values than NM (p < 0.001). In the BD group, Filtek Ultimate and Beautifil II achieved the highest and statistically comparable SBS, outperforming Activa BioActive Restorative and Fuji IX GP Extra (p < 0.05). In the NM group, no significant differences were found among materials. Adhesive failures predominated in NM (85%), while BD showed more cohesive failures (50%). Conclusions: Biodentine demonstrated superior bonding stability to restorative materials, with composite resin and giomer performing best. Giomer’s bioactivity and ion release make it a viable alternative to composite resin in suitable clinical contexts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymers in Restorative Dentistry: 2nd Edition)

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66 pages, 9255 KB

Open AccessReview

Recent Advances in Polymer-Coated Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: From Design to Promising Applications

by Refia Atik, Rafiqul Islam, Melissa Ariza Gonzalez, Pailinrut Chinwangso and T. Randall Lee

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(22), 1744; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15221744 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

The integration of polymer coatings with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles represents a significant advancement in nanotechnology, enhancing the stability, biocompatibility, and functional versatility of these materials. These enhanced properties make polymer-coated nanoparticles key components in a wide range of applications, including biomedicine, [...] Read more.

The integration of polymer coatings with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles represents a significant advancement in nanotechnology, enhancing the stability, biocompatibility, and functional versatility of these materials. These enhanced properties make polymer-coated nanoparticles key components in a wide range of applications, including biomedicine, catalysis, environmental remediation, electronics, and energy storage. The unique combination of polymeric materials with metal and metal oxide cores results in hybrid structures with superior performance characteristics, making them highly desirable for various technological innovations. Polymer-coated metal and metal oxide nanoparticles can be synthesized through various methods, such as grafting to, grafting from, grafting through, in situ techniques, and layer-by-layer assembly, each offering distinct control over nanoparticle size, shape, and surface functionality. The distinctive contribution of this review lies in its systematic comparison of polymer-coating synthesis approaches for different metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, revealing how variations in polymer architecture and surface chemistry govern their stability, functionality, and application performance. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on polymer-coated nanoparticles, including metals such as gold, silver, copper, platinum, and palladium, as well as metal oxides like iron oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and aluminum oxide. This review highlights their design strategies, synthesis methods, characterization approaches, and diverse emerging applications, including biomedicine (e.g., targeted drug delivery, gene delivery, bone tissue regeneration, imaging, antimicrobials, and therapeutic interventions), environmental remediation (e.g., antibacterials and sensors), catalysis, electronics, and energy conversion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Metallic and Metal Oxide Nanohybrids and Their Applications)

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13 pages, 289 KB

Open AccessArticle

Persistence in Stock Returns: Robotics and AI ETFs Versus Other Assets

by Fekria Belhouichet, Guglielmo Maria Caporale and Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana

J. Risk Financial Manag. 2025, 18(11), 655; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18110655 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

This paper examines the long-memory properties of the returns of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that provide exposure to companies operating in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics listed on the US market, along with other assets such as the WTI crude oil [...] Read more.

This paper examines the long-memory properties of the returns of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that provide exposure to companies operating in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics listed on the US market, along with other assets such as the WTI crude oil price (West Texas Intermediate), Bitcoin, the S&P 500 index, 10-year US Treasury bonds, and the VIX volatility index. The data frequency is daily and covers the period from 1 January 2023 to 23 June 2025. The adopted fractional integration framework is more general and flexible than those previously used in related studies and allows for a detailed assessment of the degree of persistence in returns. The results indicate that all return series exhibit a high degree of persistence, regardless of the error structure assumed, and that, in general, a linear model adequately captures their dynamics over time. These findings suggest that newly developed AI- and robotics-themed ETFs do not provide investors with additional hedging or diversification benefits compared to more traditional assets, nor do they create new challenges for policymakers concerned with financial stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economics and Finance)

15 pages, 1774 KB

Open AccessArticle

Soil and Environmental Consequences of Spring Flooding in the Zhabay River Floodplain (Akmola Region)

by Madina Aitzhanova, Sayagul Zhaparova, Manira Zhamanbayeva and Assem Satimbekova

Sustainability 2025, 17(22), 10378; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210378 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

Floods increasingly threaten semiarid regions, yet their long-term soil ecological impacts remain underdocumented. This study quantifies the hydrologic change and flood-induced soil transformation on the Zhabay River floodplain (Akmola, Kazakhstan) using integrated field, laboratory, and remote sensing data. Gauge records (2012–2024) were analyzed; [...] Read more.

Floods increasingly threaten semiarid regions, yet their long-term soil ecological impacts remain underdocumented. This study quantifies the hydrologic change and flood-induced soil transformation on the Zhabay River floodplain (Akmola, Kazakhstan) using integrated field, laboratory, and remote sensing data. Gauge records (2012–2024) were analyzed; inundation was mapped from a 0.30 m DEM (Digital Elevation Model) merging SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), Landsat 8/Sentinel 2, and UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetry (NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) > 0.28) and validated with 54 in situ depths (MAE (Mean Absolute Error) 0.17 m). Soil samples collected before and after floods were analyzed for texture, bulk density, pH, Eh, macronutrients, and heavy metals. Annual maxima increased by 0.08 m yr⁻¹, while extreme floods became more frequent. Thresholds of ≥0.5 m depth and >7 days duration marked compaction onset, whereas >1 m and ≥12 days produced maximum organic carbon loss and Zn/Ni enrichment. The combination of high-resolution DEMs, ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis, and soil microbial monitoring provides new operational indicators of soil degradation for Central Asian steppe floodplains. Findings contribute to SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 15 (Life on Land) by linking flood resilience assessment with sustainable land-use planning. Full article

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24 pages, 8096 KB

Open AccessArticle

Diversity and Selection of Superior Algarrobos (Neltuma pallida) Phenotypes in the Natural Dry Forests of Peru for Sustainable Conservation and Genetic Improvement

by Sebastian Casas-Niño, Juan Rodrigo Baselly-Villanueva, Evelin Judith Salazar-Hinostroza, Sheyla Yanett Chumbimune-Vivanco, William Nauray, Nery Tirabante-Terrones, Max Ramirez Rojas and Flavio Lozano-Isla

Diversity 2025, 17(11), 802; https://doi.org/10.3390/d17110802 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

Neltuma pallida (algarrobo) is a keystone species of the Peruvian dry forest whose persistence is threatened by overexploitation and habitat degradation, making its conservation and genetic improvement a national priority. This study aimed to identify outstanding phenotypes of N. pallida through phenotypic characterization [...] Read more.

Neltuma pallida (algarrobo) is a keystone species of the Peruvian dry forest whose persistence is threatened by overexploitation and habitat degradation, making its conservation and genetic improvement a national priority. This study aimed to identify outstanding phenotypes of N. pallida through phenotypic characterization in the regions of Piura and Tumbes in northern Peru. A stratified random sampling design was applied, establishing forest plots in 13 localities and evaluating 631 adult individuals. Dendrometric and phenotypic traits were recorded together with physiographic, climatic, and edaphic variables obtained from soil analyses and geographic information systems. Phenotypic differentiation among populations was assessed using the index

P_{S T}

, which quantifies between- and within-population variance components. High morphological variability was detected across populations, with significant differences in tree height, diameter, and fruit production, largely explained by environmental heterogeneity, particularly soil fertility and organic matter. The

P_{S T}

values, ranging from 0.83 to 0.98, revealed strong phenotypic divergence among populations, suggesting adaptive differentiation rather than neutral variation. Eight superior individuals were identified as potential candidates for inclusion in a germplasm bank to support breeding and restoration programs. This study provides a scientific basis for the sustainable management and conservation of N. pallida in the arid ecosystems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biodiversity Conservation)

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21 pages, 447 KB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Intrusion Detection for IoT and Sensor Networks Through Semantic Analysis and Self-Supervised Embeddings

by Yanshen Liu and Yinfeng Guo

Sensors 2025, 25(22), 7074; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25227074 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

As cyber threats continue to grow in complexity and sophistication, the need for advanced network and sensor security solutions has never been more urgent. Traditional intrusion detection methods struggle to keep pace with the sheer volume of network traffic and the evolving nature [...] Read more.

As cyber threats continue to grow in complexity and sophistication, the need for advanced network and sensor security solutions has never been more urgent. Traditional intrusion detection methods struggle to keep pace with the sheer volume of network traffic and the evolving nature of attacks. In this paper, we propose a novel machine learning-driven Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that improves intrusion detection through a comprehensive analysis of multidimensional data. Transcending traditional feature extraction methods, the system introduces geospatial context features and self-supervised semantic features that provide rich contextual information for enhanced threat identification. The system’s performance is validated on a carefully curated dataset from China Mobile, containing over 100 K records, achieving an impressive 98.5% accuracy rate in detecting intrusions. The results highlight the effectiveness of ensemble learning methods and underscore the system’s potential for real-world deployment, offering a significant advancement in the development of intelligent cybersecurity tools that can adapt to the ever-changing landscape of cyber threats. Furthermore, the proposed framework is extensible to IoT and wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where resource constraints and new attack surfaces demand lightweight yet semantically enriched IDS solutions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor Networks and Communication with AI)

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13 pages, 245 KB

Open AccessArticle

High Prevalence of Food Insecurity and Associated Risk Factors in Chilean and Immigrant Women from South-Central Chile

by Alejandra Rodríguez-Fernández, Juana María Delgado-Saborit, Paula Carrasco, Gabriela Cormick, Marcela Ruiz-de la Fuente and Eduard Maury-Sintjago

Foods 2025, 14(22), 3973; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14223973 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

Food insecurity (FI) is a major public health problem that disproportionately affects women, especially if they are migrants. In Chile, there is limited data on how gender and migration status intersect to explain vulnerability to FI. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among [...] Read more.

Food insecurity (FI) is a major public health problem that disproportionately affects women, especially if they are migrants. In Chile, there is limited data on how gender and migration status intersect to explain vulnerability to FI. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 2124 women of childbearing age (1062 Chilean and 1062 immigrants) residing in south-central Chile. Biosociodemographic variables were collected through a structured questionnaire, and FI was assessed using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to estimate risk factors using odds ratios (OR). Overall, 39.2% of women experienced some degree of FI, with prevalence significantly higher among immigrants (49%) compared to Chileans (29%). Severe FI was twice as frequent in immigrant women (18.1% vs. 9.2%). The risk factor of FI in the total sample included immigrant status (OR = 2.61; 95% CI: 2.15–3.17), low socioeconomic status (OR = 2.25; 1.77–2.87), having children (OR = 1.82; 1.49–2.23), being head of household (OR = 1.53; 1.25–1.87), not having a job (OR = 1.27; 1.02–1.58), and suffering from depression (OR = 2.11; 1.66–2.67). Subgroup analyses confirmed similar determinants in both groups, with not having a job being relevant mainly for immigrants and age acting as a protective factor among Chileans. FI is highly prevalent among women in south-central Chile, particularly among immigrants. Structural determinants such as socioeconomic status, having children, being the head of the household, and depression increase vulnerability. Policies must integrate gender and migration perspectives, promoting access to adequate food, employment, childcare, and mental health support. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Food Security and Healthy Nutrition)

24 pages, 2693 KB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Objective Optimal Partitioning of Active Distribution Networks Integrating Consideration of Load Balancing and Solution Efficiency of Parallel Optimization

by Qing Ge, Yuezhou Xia, Qi Li, Ling Zeng, Zhangbin Huang and Chuanjie Lin

Processes 2025, 13(11), 3740; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13113740 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

To address the optimization challenges arising from the large-scale integration of distributed energy resources into active distribution networks, this paper proposes a multi-objective optimization partitioning method that balances system security/stability with parallel computing efficiency. To address the limitations of existing partitioning approaches, particularly [...] Read more.

To address the optimization challenges arising from the large-scale integration of distributed energy resources into active distribution networks, this paper proposes a multi-objective optimization partitioning method that balances system security/stability with parallel computing efficiency. To address the limitations of existing partitioning approaches, particularly their neglect of parallel computing efficiency and poor adaptability to the radial topology of distribution networks, a three-objective optimization model is constructed. This model incorporates reactive power–voltage control, load balancing, and power balance constraints, while introducing partition scale constraints and connectivity constraints. The NSGA-III algorithm is employed to solve the Pareto front, and an optimal compromise solution is obtained using a fuzzy membership function. A partition adjustment strategy ensures topological connectivity. Validation on 10 kV distribution networks with 47-node, 124-node, and 300-node systems demonstrates that this method achieves reasonable reactive power–voltage partitioning, ensures intra-partition power balance and load balancing, and exhibits significant advantages over traditional methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Optimization Control of Active Distribution Networks and Smart Grids)

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22 pages, 344 KB

Open AccessReview

First-Generation Biofuels vs. Energy Security: An Overview of Biodiesel and Bioethanol

by Renata Marks-Bielska, Stanisław Bielski, Krystyna Kurowska and Anna Zielińska-Chmielewska

Energies 2025, 18(22), 6055; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18226055 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

Energy agriculture is one of the ways of producing clean energy. Crop production constitutes the basis for the sustainable profitability of agriculture, and agricultural products are traded on two markets: the food market and the energy market. This article reviews the literature on [...] Read more.

Energy agriculture is one of the ways of producing clean energy. Crop production constitutes the basis for the sustainable profitability of agriculture, and agricultural products are traded on two markets: the food market and the energy market. This article reviews the literature on the conditions influencing biofuel production, with the aim of identifying the arguments supporting its expansion and the challenges associated with large-scale production. The study employs quantitative and qualitative desk research methods, the method of deduction, analysis and synthesis, the comparative method, and the expert method. Widespread application of biofuels requires a broader range of non-food raw materials (such as lignocellulosic biomass) and the advancement of conversion technologies used in bioethanol and biodiesel production. The main goal of ecofriendly energy generation should be to increase the energy output while minimizing environmental impacts. The findings from the literature review were collected, identified, and described as objectively as possible. The conclusions drawn are based on the authors’ findings and expert opinions. The future of biofuels depends on the optimal choice of raw materials that ensure the highest production efficiency, low costs, and reduced emissions of harmful atmospheric pollutants. Thus, intensification of agricultural production of non-food crops (lignocellulosic biomass) for energy generation may lead to irreversible changes in the environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass and Waste Valorization for Biofuel and Bioproducts Production)

17 pages, 1438 KB

Open AccessArticle

Stochastic Cost Estimation in Transportation Infrastructure Projects Using Monte Carlo Simulation and Correlated Risk Variables

by Gerber Zavala, Victor Ariza Flores, Ricardo Santos and Jaime Blas Cano

Future Transp. 2025, 5(4), 176; https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp5040176 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

Peru faces critical challenges in the development and maintenance of its national road infrastructure, comprising over 32,000 km, of which only 26% are classified as being in good condition. This infrastructural deficit significantly elevates logistics costs and undermines national competitiveness, particularly in key [...] Read more.

Peru faces critical challenges in the development and maintenance of its national road infrastructure, comprising over 32,000 km, of which only 26% are classified as being in good condition. This infrastructural deficit significantly elevates logistics costs and undermines national competitiveness, particularly in key sectors such as agriculture and mining. In this context, improving the accuracy and reliability of cost estimation in road infrastructure projects is imperative to optimize resource allocation and mitigate the risk of cost overruns. This study proposes a stochastic cost estimation framework that integrates Monte Carlo simulation with correlation matrices, enabling the modeling of uncertainty and the complex interdependencies among critical cost drivers. The methodology was applied to the Oyon Ambo highway in Peru. Historical input cost databases were analyzed to define probabilistic distributions, and correlation coefficients were employed to represent the dependencies between variables such as material prices, labor productivity, and equipment efficiency. The stochastic model produced probabilistic cost forecasts with associated confidence intervals and quantified risk exposure. The findings demonstrate that the proposed integrated approach significantly enhances the precision and robustness of cost estimates, providing project managers and decision-makers with a rigorous, data-driven tool for risk-informed budgeting and strategic financial planning in complex infrastructure projects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning for Sustainable Planning and Modelling in Future Smart Transportation System)

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20 pages, 2061 KB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing Short-Term Temporal Variability of CO₂ Emission and Soil O₂ Influx in Tropical Pastures and Regenerating Forests

by Wanderson Benerval De Lucena, Kleve Freddy Ferreira Canteral, Maria Elisa Vicentini, Daniele Fernanda Zulian, Renato Paiva De Lima, Mario Luiz Teixeira De Moraes, Maurício Roberto Cherubin, Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri, Alan Rodrigo Panosso and Newton La Scala Jr.

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(22), 12302; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152212302 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

Soil respiration, the exchange of gases between soil and the atmosphere (O₂ consumption and CO₂ production), plays a key role in ecosystem functioning and climate regulation. This study investigated the short-term temporal variability of soil CO₂ emissions and O₂ [...] Read more.

Soil respiration, the exchange of gases between soil and the atmosphere (O₂ consumption and CO₂ production), plays a key role in ecosystem functioning and climate regulation. This study investigated the short-term temporal variability of soil CO₂ emissions and O₂ influx and their relationship with tropical climate conditions and soil attributes in the Cerrado region, Selvíria, MS, Brazil. Soil CO₂ emissions were measured using the LI-8100 portable system, while soil O₂ influx was estimated by linear interpolation of O₂ variation inside the chamber using a UV Flux 25% (ultraviolet light) sensor. Soil temperature and moisture were measured simultaneously in three land use types: pasture (~11 years) and reforested areas with native species and eucalyptus (~35 years). Soils were classified as Oxisoils according to Soil Taxonomy. Significant short-term temporal variability was observed in CO₂ emissions (mean 3.2 ± 0.5 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹), O₂ influx (mean 1.8 ± 0.3 mg O₂ m⁻² s⁻¹), soil temperature and moisture across the land use types. Pasture areas exhibited the lowest CO₂ emission rates, associated with improved soil attributes (soil organic matter, sum of bases and pH) due to management practices, while reforested areas showed overlapping soil respiration patterns and higher temporal variability. Principal component analysis revealed strong coupling between O₂ influx and CO₂ emission in reforested soils. These findings highlight the influence of land use on short-term soil respiration dynamics and underscore the importance of sustainable pasture management and reforestation in the Brazilian Cerrado. The results also support public policies aimed at restoring degraded pastures, reducing deforestation and burning, and enhancing soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. Full article

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21 pages, 3033 KB

Open AccessArticle

Spatio-Temporal Patterns and Decoupling Analysis of Land Use-Related Carbon Emissions in Jilin Province

by Wenwen Lv and Yan Liu

Sustainability 2025, 17(22), 10377; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210377 (registering DOI) - 20 Nov 2025

Abstract

Land use change is a key driver of regional carbon emissions. Understanding the mechanisms through which regional land use changes influence carbon emissions, as well as their spatiotemporal evolution, is of great significance for the optimization of land use structure and the formulation [...] Read more.

Land use change is a key driver of regional carbon emissions. Understanding the mechanisms through which regional land use changes influence carbon emissions, as well as their spatiotemporal evolution, is of great significance for the optimization of land use structure and the formulation of low-carbon policies. This study, based on land use data and socio-economic data from 2002 to 2022, combines decoupling analysis models with carbon carrying capacity assessment frameworks to systematically analyze the dynamic evolution of carbon emissions from land use in Jilin Province. The results show the following: (1) From 2002 to 2022, the cultivated land area in Jilin Province remained stable and accounted for the largest proportion; the areas of water bodies and construction land expanded, while forest, grassland, and unutilized land continued to decline. (2) Total carbon emissions exhibited a “growth-stabilization-slight decline” trend, with construction land contributing the most to emissions. Spatially, carbon emissions were concentrated in the central region with Changchun at its core. (3) The overall carbon ecological carrying capacity of Jilin Province showed a fluctuating upward trend, with notable differences in carbon ecological carrying capacity across cities. (4) Cultivated land showed the highest correlation with carbon emissions, followed by woodland. The decoupling relationship between carbon emissions and economic development exhibited phase fluctuations, evolving from weak decoupling to strong decoupling and then transitioning back to weak negative decoupling. Therefore, it is recommended that effective measures be adopted to curb the excessive expansion of construction land, enhance ecological carbon sink functions, and facilitate the transformation of cultivated land from a carbon source to a carbon sink. This will promote the efficient and green utilization of land resources, advance the synergistic progress of economic development and environmental protection, and achieve the goal of regional sustainable development. Full article

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12 pages, 578 KB

Open AccessArticle

Organic Fertilization vs. the Quality of Basil Raw Material

by Katarzyna Dzida, Karolina Pitura and Anna Król

Agronomy 2025, 15(11), 2656; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15112656 (registering DOI) - 19 Nov 2025

Abstract

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated herbal plants, valued in the food and pharmaceutical industries for its abundance of bioactive compounds, and also as an ornamental plant. The contents of its bioactive compounds are strongly influenced by [...] Read more.

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated herbal plants, valued in the food and pharmaceutical industries for its abundance of bioactive compounds, and also as an ornamental plant. The contents of its bioactive compounds are strongly influenced by both environmental and anthropogenic factors, among which fertilization plays a key role. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different application doses (5, 10, 15, and 20 g·dm⁻³ of substrate) of an organic fertilizer (granulated cattle manure) on the fresh biomass yield and quality of two basil varieties: lemon basil and cinnamon basil. The applied manure doses significantly affected the fresh biomass yield of O. basilicum L. Both basil variety and fertilizer dose were found to determine the content of L-ascorbic acid and nitrates in the plants. Increasing manure doses resulted in higher contents of N, P, and K, as well as decreased contents of Ca and Mg in plants of both varieties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Soil and Plant Nutrition)

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