Temperature Stress and Responses in Plants

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to the fact that extreme temperatures have been shown to negatively impact yield production worldwide, researchers have deemed it urgent to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the tolerance of plants to extreme temperatures. However, solutions have not been found for the agricultural problems caused by extreme temperatures, despite numerous studies uncovering the molecular mechanisms of a plant’s responses to extreme temperatures. It is, therefore, necessary to address how these molecular mechanisms function in the natural environment.

An Editor, Nobuhiro Suzuki, previously edited the Special Issue “Temperature Stress and Responses in Plants”, which was published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, and discussed how specific signals regulate diverse temperature stress responses that might function differently depending on the type of tissues, intensity and duration of stresses, timing, plant species, and so on. In this interdisciplinary topic, articles from a broad range of researches, from labs to fields, will be accepted. We will explore the molecular basis of the complex and flexible mode of plants’ responses to extreme temperatures, as well as agricultural and horticultural approaches to enhance the tolerance of crops to temperature stresses. The findings from these studies will then be integrated to further explore this research avenue.

The topic welcomes both original research articles and reviews. Short communications will also be considered.

Dr. Nobuhiro Suzuki
Prof. Dr. Guosheng Xie
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Agronomy agronomy	3.3	6.2	2011	17.6 Days	CHF 2600
Horticulturae horticulturae	3.1	3.5	2015	16.9 Days	CHF 2200
International Journal of Molecular Sciences ijms	4.9	8.1	2000	16.8 Days	CHF 2900
International Journal of Plant Biology ijpb	-	2.0	2010	19.7 Days	CHF 1200
Plants plants	4.0	6.5	2012	18.9 Days	CHF 2700

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Published Papers (12 papers)

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19 pages, 2925 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

De Novo Transcriptome Assembly and Comparative Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes Involved in Cold Acclimation and Freezing Tolerance of the Arctic Moss Aulacomnium turgidum (Wahlenb.) Schwaegr

by Pilsung Kang, Yo-Han Yoo, Dong-Il Kim, Joung Han Yim and Hyoungseok Lee

Plants 2023, 12(6), 1250; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061250 - 9 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2385

Abstract

Cold acclimation refers to a phenomenon in which plants become more tolerant to freezing after exposure to non-lethal low temperatures. Aulacomnium turgidum (Wahlenb.) Schwaegr is a moss found in the Arctic that can be used to study the freezing tolerance of bryophytes. To [...] Read more.

Cold acclimation refers to a phenomenon in which plants become more tolerant to freezing after exposure to non-lethal low temperatures. Aulacomnium turgidum (Wahlenb.) Schwaegr is a moss found in the Arctic that can be used to study the freezing tolerance of bryophytes. To improve our understanding of the cold acclimation effect on the freezing tolerance of A. turgidum, we compared the electrolyte leakage of protonema grown at 25 °C (non-acclimation; NA) and at 4 °C (cold acclimation; CA). Freezing damage was significantly lower in CA plants frozen at −12 °C (CA-12) than in NA plants frozen at −12 °C (NA-12). During recovery at 25 °C, CA-12 demonstrated a more rapid and greater level of the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II than NA-12, indicating a greater recovery capacity for CA-12 compared to NA-12. For the comparative analysis of the transcriptome between NA-12 and CA-12, six cDNA libraries were constructed in triplicate, and RNA-seq reads were assembled into 45,796 unigenes. The differential gene expression analysis showed that a significant number of AP2 transcription factor genes and pentatricopeptide repeat protein-coding genes related to abiotic stress and the sugar metabolism pathway were upregulated in CA-12. Furthermore, starch and maltose concentrations increased in CA-12, suggesting that cold acclimation increases freezing tolerance and protects photosynthetic efficiency through the accumulation of starch and maltose in A. turgidum. A de novo assembled transcriptome can be used to explore genetic sources in non-model organisms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Temperature Stress and Responses in Plants)

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13 pages, 1712 KiB  

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Agroclimatic Requirements of Traditional European Pear (Pyrus communis L.) Cultivars from Australia, Europe, and North America

by Erica Fadón, María Teresa Espiau, Pilar Errea, José Manuel Alonso Segura and Javier Rodrigo

Agronomy 2023, 13(2), 518; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020518 - 10 Feb 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2463

Abstract

Flowering in temperate fruit trees depends on the temperatures during the previous months; chill is required to overcome endodormancy, and then heat exposure is needed. These agroclimatic requirements are cultivar-specific and determine their adaptability to the growing area and their response to climate [...] Read more.

Flowering in temperate fruit trees depends on the temperatures during the previous months; chill is required to overcome endodormancy, and then heat exposure is needed. These agroclimatic requirements are cultivar-specific and determine their adaptability to the growing area and their response to climate change. We aim to estimate the agroclimatic requirements of 16 traditional cultivars of European pears grown in Zaragoza (Spain). We used Partial Least Squares regression analysis to relate 20-year records of flowering dates to the temperatures of the 8 previous months. This approach allowed us to establish the chilling and forcing periods, through which we quantified temperatures with three models for chill accumulation (Chilling Hours, Utah model, and Dynamic model) and one model for heat accumulation (Growing Degree Hours). The results indicated very little difference in the chilling and forcing periods. Chill requirements ranged from 43.9 to 49.2 Chill Portions; from 1027 to 1163 Chilling Units; and from 719 to 774 Chilling Hours. Heat requirements ranged from 6514 to 7509 Growing Degree Hours. Flowering dates were mainly determined by the temperatures during the chilling period. This means that reductions in winter chill caused by global warming in many regions could cause flowering delays or even failures in the fulfillment of chill requirements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Temperature Stress and Responses in Plants)

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23 pages, 2169 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

High Temperature Alters Phenology, Seed Development and Yield in Three Rice Varieties

by Pranee Sanwong, Jirawat Sanitchon, Anoma Dongsansuk and Darunee Jothityangkoon

Plants 2023, 12(3), 666; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030666 - 2 Feb 2023

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2643

Abstract

Rice is an important and main staple food crop. Rice in Thailand grows in both the on- and off-seasons. The problem of growing rice in the off-season is that it is dry and the temperature tends to be high. To evaluate the effects [...] Read more.

Rice is an important and main staple food crop. Rice in Thailand grows in both the on- and off-seasons. The problem of growing rice in the off-season is that it is dry and the temperature tends to be high. To evaluate the effects of high temperatures on their phenology, yield and seed quality, three rice varieties were cultivated off-season in 2018 and 2019. Rice plants were grown in cement pots on planting date I (PDI; off-season; mid-January) and planting date II (PDII; late off-season; beginning of February). The results showed that rice plants were exposed to higher temperatures in 2019 (than 2018), as indicated by a higher accumulated growing degree day (AGDD). The high AGDD affected the phenology of the rice by shortening the duration of its development from sowing to physiological maturity (PM) from 106.8 DAS in 2018 to 86.0 DAS in 2019. The high AGDD shortened the development duration of the embryo and endosperm, resulting in reductions in the size and growth rates of the embryo and endosperm, and eventually reduced the yield and the yield components. Moreover, the high AGDD reduced the seed quality, as indicated by a decline in the seedling growth rate (SGR) and an increase in chalkiness. Among the varieties, the high temperature in 2019 caused the smallest phenological shift in Chai Nat 1 (CN1), while the shift was largest in Pathum Thani 1 (PTT1). In addition, CN1 exhibited a significantly higher total seed weight/panicle, 1000-seed weight and percentage of filled seed/pot than SP1 and PPT1. It was suggested that CN1 could be described as heat tolerant, and PTT1 as heat sensitive. It was also suggested that farmers should select appropriate rice varieties to grow in the off-season due to the risk of a high-temperature-induced reduction in the seed yield and quality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Temperature Stress and Responses in Plants)

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13 pages, 1902 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Transcriptomic Responses to Chilling Reveal Potential Chilling Tolerance Mechanisms in Cucumber

by Xiang Wang, Shuang Mi and Huaiqi Miao

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(21), 12834; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112834 - 25 Oct 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2305

Abstract

Chilling is a devastating stress that has led to a crisis of production for cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying chilling responses in cucumber, we investigated physiological changes and transcriptomic responses to chilling stress in the chilling-tolerant inbred [...] Read more.

Chilling is a devastating stress that has led to a crisis of production for cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying chilling responses in cucumber, we investigated physiological changes and transcriptomic responses to chilling stress in the chilling-tolerant inbred line CC and chilling-susceptible inbred line R1461. Physiological analysis showed that CC had a higher survival rate, lower H₂O₂ accumulation, and ion leakage than R1461 after chilling treatment. RNA-seq analysis identified 938 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to chilling and revealed that chilling stress regulated the transcript levels of genes related to hormones, including auxin, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene. RT-qPCR and pharmacological analysis suggested that cucumber chilling tolerance was associated with variation in the gene expression involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling. Exogenously applying 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the precursor of ethylene, improved the chilling tolerance of cucumber, while the exogenous application of the ethylene inhibitor AgNO₃ impaired the chilling tolerance of cucumber. After ACC treatment, the difference in chilling tolerance between CC and R1461 disappeared, suggesting that the different chilling tolerance level between CC and R1461 is dependent on the ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathway. In addition, a comparison of cucumber lines with different chilling tolerances revealed that chilling tolerance is highly associated with the up-regulation of C-repeat binding factor (CBF) genes, while natural variation in the promoter of CsCBF1 is associated with chilling response. This study thus provides information on transcriptomic responses in different varieties of chilling-tolerant cucumber and reveals potential chilling tolerance mechanisms that could be used to improve chilling tolerance in cucumber. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Temperature Stress and Responses in Plants)

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20 pages, 5715 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Metabolic Regulation and Lipidomic Remodeling in Relation to Spermidine-induced Stress Tolerance to High Temperature in Plants

by Zhou Li, Bizhen Cheng, Yue Zhao, Lin Luo, Yan Zhang, Guangyan Feng, Liebao Han, Yan Peng and Xinquan Zhang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(20), 12247; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012247 - 13 Oct 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3413

Abstract

Beneficial effects of spermidine (Spd) on alleviating abiotic stress damage have been explored in plants for hundreds of years, but limited information is available about its roles in regulating lipids signaling and metabolism during heat stress. White clover (Trifolium repens) plants [...] Read more.

Beneficial effects of spermidine (Spd) on alleviating abiotic stress damage have been explored in plants for hundreds of years, but limited information is available about its roles in regulating lipids signaling and metabolism during heat stress. White clover (Trifolium repens) plants were pretreated with 70 μM Spd and then subjected to high temperature (38/33 °C) stress for 20 days. To further investigate the effect of Spd on heat tolerance, transgenic Arabidopsisthaliana overexpressing a TrSAMS encoding a key enzyme involved in Spd biosynthesis was exposed to high temperature (38/33 °C) stress for 10 days. A significant increase in endogenous Spd content in white clover by exogenous application of Spd or the TrSAMS overexpression in Arabidopsisthaliana could effectively mitigate heat-induced growth retardation, oxidative damage to lipids, and declines in photochemical efficiency and cell membrane stability. Based on the analysis of metabolomics, the amino acids and vitamins metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and lipids metabolism were main metabolic pathways regulated by the Spd in cool-season white clover under heat stress. Further analysis of lipidomics found the TrSAMS-transgenic plants maintained relatively higher accumulations of total lipids, eight phospholipids (PC, phosphatidylcholine; PG, phosphatidylglycerol; PS, phosphatidylserine; CL, cardiolipin; LPA, lysophosphatidic acid; LPC, lyso phosphatidylcholine; LPG, lyso phosphatidylglycerol; and LPI, lyso phosphatidylinositol), one glycoglycerolipid (DGDG, digalactosyl diacylglycerol), and four sphingolipids (Cer, ceramide; CerG2GNAc1, dihexosyl N-acetylhexosyl ceramide; Hex1Cer, hexosyl ceramide; and ST, sulfatide), higher ratio of DGDG: monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG), and lower unsaturation level than wild-type Arabidopsisthaliana in response to heat stress. Spd-induced lipids accumulation and remodeling could contribute to better maintenance of membrane stability, integrity, and functionality when plants underwent a long period of heat stress. In addition, the Spd significantly up-regulated PIP2 and PA signaling pathways, which was beneficial to signal perception and transduction for stress defense. Current findings provide a novel insight into the function of Spd against heat stress through regulating lipids signaling and reprograming in plants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Temperature Stress and Responses in Plants)

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19 pages, 13131 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Genome-Wide Identification of C2H2 ZFPs and Functional Analysis of BRZAT12 under Low-Temperature Stress in Winter Rapeseed (Brassica rapa)

by Li Ma, Jia Xu, Xiaolei Tao, Junyan Wu, Wangtian Wang, Yuanyuan Pu, Gang Yang, Yan Fang, Lijun Liu, Xuecai Li and Wancang Sun

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(20), 12218; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012218 - 13 Oct 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2402

Abstract

Zinc-finger protein (ZFP) transcription factors are among the largest families of transcription factors in plants. They participate in various biological processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, and stemness maintenance and play important roles in regulating plant growth and development and the response to stress. [...] Read more.

Zinc-finger protein (ZFP) transcription factors are among the largest families of transcription factors in plants. They participate in various biological processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, and stemness maintenance and play important roles in regulating plant growth and development and the response to stress. To elucidate the functions of ZFP genes in the low-temperature response of winter (Brassica rapa L.) B. rapa, this study identified 141 members of the C2H2 ZFP gene family from B. rapa, which are heterogeneously distributed on 10 chromosomes and have multiple cis-acting elements related to hormone regulation and abiotic stress of adversity. Most of the genes in this family contain only one CDS, and genes distributed in the same evolutionary branch share mostly the same motifs and are highly conserved in the evolution of cruciferous species. The genes were significantly upregulated in the roots and growth cones of ‘Longyou-7’, indicating that they play a role in the stress-response process of winter B. rapa. The expression level of the Bra002528 gene was higher in the strongly cold-resistant varieties than in the weakly cold-resistant varieties after low-temperature stress. The survival rate and BrZAT12 gene expression of trans-BrZAT12 Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) were significantly higher than those of the wild-type plants at low temperature, and the enzyme activities in vivo were higher than those of the wild-type plants, indicating that the BrZAT12 gene could improve the cold resistance of winter B. rapa. BrZAT12 expression and superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activities were upregulated in winter B. rapa after exogenous ABA treatment. BrZAT12 expression and enzyme activities decreased after the PD98059 treatment, and BrZAT12 expression and enzyme activities were higher than in the PD98059 treatment but lower than in the control after both treatments together. It is speculated that BrZAT12 plays a role in the ABA signaling process in which MAPKK is involved. This study provides a theoretical basis for the resolution of cold-resistance mechanisms in strong winter B. rapa. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Temperature Stress and Responses in Plants)

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23 pages, 6678 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Mechanisms of Compensatory Growth Ability for Early Rice after Low Temperature and Weak Light Stress

by Hui Wang, Lei Zhong, Xiaoquan Fu, Shiying Huang, Haihui Fu, Xiang Shi, Lifang Hu, Yicong Cai, Haohua He and Xiaorong Chen

Plants 2022, 11(19), 2523; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192523 - 26 Sep 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2539

Abstract

“Late spring coldness” (T) is a frequent meteorological disaster in the spring in southern China, often causing severe yield losses of direct-seeded early rice. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the differences in the compensatory growth ability of different rice genotypes [...] Read more.

“Late spring coldness” (T) is a frequent meteorological disaster in the spring in southern China, often causing severe yield losses of direct-seeded early rice. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the differences in the compensatory growth ability of different rice genotypes by focusing on agronomic traits, physiological indicators, and transcriptome. The results showed that there were significant differences in the compensatory growth recovery ability of different genotypes after a combination of four days of low temperature and weak light stress. Only the strong compensatory growth genotype B116 was able to grow rapidly and reduce soluble protein and H₂O₂ concentrations rapidly after stress. By analyzing enzyme activity as well as endogenous hormone concentration, we found that the high superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities and high levels of abscisic acid (ABA) could reduce the damage of B116 during stress. Meanwhile, higher glutamine synthetase (GS) and nitrate reductase (NR) activity and higher levels of gibberellin A₃(GA₃), indoleacetic acid (IAA), and zeatin nucleoside (ZR) could enable B116 to grow rapidly after stress. The identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated that there were large differences in POD-related genes and gibberellin metabolism between B116 and B144 after stress; RT-PCR quantification also showed a trend consistent with RNA-seq, which may be an important reason for the differences in compensatory growth ability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Temperature Stress and Responses in Plants)

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19 pages, 1847 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Physiological and Proteomic Responses of Cassava to Short-Term Extreme Cool and Hot Temperature

by Supranee Santanoo, Kochaphan Vongcharoen, Poramate Banterng, Nimitr Vorasoot, Sanun Jogloy, Sittiruk Roytrakul and Piyada Theerakulpisut

Plants 2022, 11(17), 2307; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11172307 - 3 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3036

Abstract

Temperature is one of the most critical factors affecting cassava metabolism and growth. This research was conducted to investigate the effects of short-term exposure to extreme cool (15 °C) and hot (45 °C) temperature on photosynthesis, biochemical and proteomics changes in potted plants [...] Read more.

Temperature is one of the most critical factors affecting cassava metabolism and growth. This research was conducted to investigate the effects of short-term exposure to extreme cool (15 °C) and hot (45 °C) temperature on photosynthesis, biochemical and proteomics changes in potted plants of two cassava cultivars, namely Rayong 9 and Kasetsart 50. One-month-old plants were exposed to 15, 30, and 45 °C for 60 min in a temperature chamber under light intensity of 700 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. Compared to the optimum temperature (30 °C), exposure to 15 °C resulted in 28% reduction in stomatal conductance (gs) and 62% reduction in net photosynthesis rate (P_n). In contrast, gs under 45 °C increased 2.61 folds, while P_n was reduced by 50%. The lower P_n but higher electron transport rate (ETR) of the cold-stressed plants indicated that a greater proportion of electrons was transported via alternative pathways to protect chloroplast from being damaged by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, a marker related to the amount of ROS, were significantly higher at low temperature. Proteomics analysis revealed some interesting differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) including annexin, a multi-functional protein functioning in early events of heat stress signaling. In response to low-temperature stress, AP2/ERF domain-containing protein (a cold-related transcription factor) and glutaredoxin domain-containing protein (a component of redox signaling network under cold stress) were detected. Taken together, both cultivars were more sensitive to low than high temperature. Moreover, Rayong 9 displayed higher P_n under both temperature stresses, and was more efficient in controlling ROS under cold stress than Kasetsart 50. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Temperature Stress and Responses in Plants)

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20 pages, 6670 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Integrated SRNA-Seq and RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Roles of miRNAs in the Low-Temperature Responses of Canarium album

by Ruilian Lai, Qingxu Guan, Chaogui Shen, Xin Feng, Yongyan Zhang, Yiting Chen, Chunzhen Cheng and Rujian Wu

Horticulturae 2022, 8(7), 667; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070667 - 21 Jul 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2253

Abstract

Chinese olive (Canarium album), a characteristic fruit tree in tropical and subtropical areas, suffers greatly from low-temperature stress (LTS). The regulatory roles of microRNA (miRNA) in plant LTS responses have been confirmed in many plant species but not in C. [...] Read more.

Chinese olive (Canarium album), a characteristic fruit tree in tropical and subtropical areas, suffers greatly from low-temperature stress (LTS). The regulatory roles of microRNA (miRNA) in plant LTS responses have been confirmed in many plant species but not in C. album. In this study, a cold-tolerant cultivar ‘Rui’an 3′ (RA) and a susceptible cultivar ‘Qinglan 1’ (QL) treated at 25 °C (control, CK) and −3 °C (cold temperature treatment, CT) were subjected to small RNA (sRNA) and transcriptome sequencing for the exploration of the cold responses of C. album. Comparative sRNA sequencing analysis identified much fewer LTS-responsive, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in RA (4 DEMs) than in QL (23 DEMs). Cal-miR482-22 was found to be specifically induced by LTS in RA. Cal-miR397-3 was upregulated, while cal-miR398_2-3 and cal-undef-190 were downregulated after LTS only in QL. However, when compared with QL, a higher basic expression of cal-miR397-3, and lower expression of cal-miR398_2-3 and cal-undef-190 were found in RA, suggesting that they may contribute to the cold tolerance of RA. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that the number of LTS-responsive differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in QL was larger than that in RA, and some DEGs were also predicted as the target genes of the identified DEMs, forming multiple differentially expressed miRNA–target gene pairs, such as cal-miR397-3_laccase 2, 4, 17, cal-miR482-22_suppressor of npr1-1, etc. Quantitative real time PCR results showed that the expression changes of DEGs and DEMs in different samples were generally consistent with the sequencing results. Our study indicated that the basic expression levels of some miRNAs (especially the cal-miR397-3, cal-miR398_2-3, and cal-miR482-22), and their target genes contribute greatly to the cold-tolerance characteristics of C. album. Our study is helpful for understanding the roles of miRNAs in the cold resistance and responses of C. album. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Temperature Stress and Responses in Plants)

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21 pages, 4307 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Fall Applications of Ethephon Modulates Gene Networks Controlling Bud Development during Dormancy in Peach (Prunus Persica)

by Jianyang Liu, Md Tabibul Islam, Suzanne Laliberte, David C. Haak and Sherif M. Sherif

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(12), 6801; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126801 - 18 Jun 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2786

Abstract

Ethephon (ET) is an ethylene-releasing plant growth regulator (PGR) that can delay the bloom time in Prunus, thus reducing the risk of spring frost, which is exacerbated by global climate change. However, the adoption of ET is hindered by its detrimental effects on [...] Read more.

Ethephon (ET) is an ethylene-releasing plant growth regulator (PGR) that can delay the bloom time in Prunus, thus reducing the risk of spring frost, which is exacerbated by global climate change. However, the adoption of ET is hindered by its detrimental effects on tree health. Little knowledge is available regarding the mechanism of how ET shifts dormancy and flowering phenology in peach. This study aimed to further characterize the dormancy regulation network at the transcriptional level by profiling the gene expression of dormant peach buds from ET-treated and untreated trees using RNA-Seq data. The results revealed that ET triggered stress responses during endodormancy, delaying biological processes related to cell division and intercellular transportation, which are essential for the floral organ development. During ecodormancy, ET mainly impeded pathways related to antioxidants and cell wall formation, both of which are closely associated with dormancy release and budburst. In contrast, the expression of dormancy-associated MADS (DAM) genes remained relatively unaffected by ET, suggesting their conserved nature. The findings of this study signify the importance of floral organogenesis during dormancy and shed light on several key processes that are subject to the influence of ET, therefore opening up new avenues for the development of effective strategies to mitigate frost risks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Temperature Stress and Responses in Plants)

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11 pages, 1729 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Foliar Brassinolide Sprays Ameliorate Post-Silking Heat Stress on the Accumulation and Remobilization of Biomass and Nitrogen in Fresh Waxy Maize

by Xiaoyu Zhang, Guanghao Li, Huan Yang and Dalei Lu

Agronomy 2022, 12(6), 1363; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12061363 - 5 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2289

Abstract

Heat stress (HS) during grain filling is an extreme environmental factor and affects plant growth and development. Foliar application of exogenous brassinolide (BR) is an effective practice to relieve HS injuries, but the influence on the accumulation and remobilization of biomass and nitrogen [...] Read more.

Heat stress (HS) during grain filling is an extreme environmental factor and affects plant growth and development. Foliar application of exogenous brassinolide (BR) is an effective practice to relieve HS injuries, but the influence on the accumulation and remobilization of biomass and nitrogen is still unclear. In the present study, the effect of foliar BR application at the silking stage on the accumulation and remobilization of biomass and nitrogen in fresh waxy maize under ambient (28/20 °C) and high (35/27 °C) temperatures during grain filling were studied in a phytotron using heat-sensitive Yunuo7 (YN7) and heat-tolerant Jingkenuo2000 (JKN2000) as materials. HS reduced the fresh ear yield by 21.8% and 19.8% in YN7 and JKN2000, respectively, but fresh grain yield was only reduced in the heat-sensitive hybrid (6.9%) and unaffected in the heat-tolerant hybrid. BR application improved the yields of fresh ears (11.3% and 10.9% in YN7 and JKN2000, respectively) and grains (19.9% and 13.2% in YN7 and JKN2000, respectively) under HS, and the increases were higher in YN7. HS decreased the post-silking biomass accumulation by 67.3% and 51.8%, and nitrogen deposition by 61.9% and 50.5%, in YN7 and JKN2000, respectively. The remobilization of pre- and post-silking biomass and nitrogen were increased and decreased by HS in YN7, respectively, but both were unaffected in JKN2000. Under HS, BR application increased the remobilization of post-silking biomass and nitrogen in both hybrids. The grain nitrogen concentration was increased by HS but decreased by BR application in both hybrids. The harvest index of biomass and nitrogen was increased by HS, and it was improved in YN7 and unaffected in JKN2000 by BR application under HS. In conclusion, BR application at the silking stage can relieve HS injuries on fresh waxy maize yields by improving the remobilization of biomass and nitrogen to grain and increasing the harvest index, especially in the heat-sensitive hybrid. Therefore, foliar BR application is a simple, feasible, efficient practice in fresh waxy maize production and is worth popularizing, especially under warmer climates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Temperature Stress and Responses in Plants)

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17 pages, 1065 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Heat Stress on Expression of Wheat Genes Responsive to Hessian Fly Infestation

by Jiazheng Yuan, Jordan O’Neal, Daria Brown and Lieceng Zhu

Plants 2022, 11(11), 1402; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111402 - 25 May 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2033

Abstract

Heat stress compromises wheat (Triticum aestivium) resistance to Hessian fly (HF, Mayetiola destructor (Say)). This study aimed to investigate the impact of heat stress on transcript expression of wheat genes associated with resistance to HF infestation under normal and heat-stressed conditions. [...] Read more.

Heat stress compromises wheat (Triticum aestivium) resistance to Hessian fly (HF, Mayetiola destructor (Say)). This study aimed to investigate the impact of heat stress on transcript expression of wheat genes associated with resistance to HF infestation under normal and heat-stressed conditions. To this end, ‘Molly’, a wheat cultivar containing the resistance gene H13, was subjected to HF infestation, heat stress, and the combination of HF infestation and heat stress. Our RNA-Seq approach identified 21 wheat genes regulated by HF infestation under normal temperatures (18 °C) and 155 genes regulated by HF infestation when plants were exposed to 35 °C for 6 h. Three differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the RNA-Seq analysis were selected to validate the gene function of these DEGs using the RT-qPCR approach, indicating that these DEGs may differentially contribute to the expression of wheat resistance during the early stage of wheat–HF interaction under various stresses. Moreover, the jasmonate ZIM domain (JAZ) gene was also significantly upregulated under these treatments. Our results suggest that the genes in heat-stressed wheat plants are more responsive to HF infestation than those in plants growing under normal temperature conditions, and these genes in HF-infested wheat plants are more responsive to heat stress than those in plants without infestation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Temperature Stress and Responses in Plants)

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