Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Antioxidants antioxidants	8.2	14.7	2012	18.7 Days	CHF 2900	Submit
Biomolecules biomolecules	5.6	9.3	2011	16.6 Days	CHF 2700	Submit
Foods foods	6.0	10.3	2012	14.8 Days	CHF 2900	Submit
Nutraceuticals nutraceuticals	-	4.4	2021	24.9 Days	CHF 1200	Submit
Nutrients nutrients	5.8	10.2	2009	15.8 Days	CHF 2900	Submit
Pharmaceuticals pharmaceuticals	5.7	9.0	2004	14.3 Days	CHF 2900	Submit
Scientia Pharmaceutica scipharm	3.6	5.3	1930	24.8 Days	CHF 1000	Submit

17 pages, 2278 KB

Open AccessArticle

Gastroprotective and Molecular Docking Evaluation of Ageratum conyzoides Juice Extract in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulceration

by Awolowo J. Matanmisi, Titilope R. Komolafe, Wonderful O. Adedeji, Peace D. Okoh, Sunday E. Dada, Washington I. Egbuta, Jude Akinyelu and Kayode Komolafe

Nutraceuticals 2026, 6(3), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals6030044 - 30 Jun 2026

Viewed by 461

Abstract

Peptic ulcer is a multifactorial and debilitating gastrointestinal disorder affecting about 10 million people worldwide. The effectiveness of many anti-ulcer drugs is often limited by adverse effects, thereby making the need for safer, natural alternatives necessary. In this study, experimental rats were orally [...] Read more.

Peptic ulcer is a multifactorial and debilitating gastrointestinal disorder affecting about 10 million people worldwide. The effectiveness of many anti-ulcer drugs is often limited by adverse effects, thereby making the need for safer, natural alternatives necessary. In this study, experimental rats were orally gavaged for 14 days with 1.25, 2.5, or 5.5 mg/kg body weight of lyophilized goat weed (Ageratum conyzoides) juice extract (ACJE). Gastric ulceration was induced in fasted animals by oral administration of ethanol (96%, 5 mL/kg). Animals were subsequently euthanized to evaluate the ulcer index, stomach histology, and biochemical markers of toxicity and oxidative stress. Untreated, induced rats had significantly (p < 0.001) higher ulcer scores (9-fold) and gastric juice secretion (1.5-fold), as well as lower gastric juice pH (1.5-fold). These effects were markedly reversed by ACJE pretreatment. Rats administered 2.5 mg/kg ACJE demonstrated similar protective benefits to those of ranitidine, including significant reductions in ulcer severity, gastric juice volume, and acidity. Furthermore, ulcer-associated dyslipidemia and changes in LDL and HDL cholesterol levels were mitigated in ACJE-pretreated animals. The gastroprotective effect of ACJE was validated by histological findings and the restoration of oxidative stress in rats. In silico analysis revealed that ACJE phytochemicals bind strongly to urease and pepsin, with higher docking scores compared to standard drugs. Overall, ACJE shows promising gastroprotective potential, necessitating more mechanistic research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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14 pages, 4490 KB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Dietary Supplementation with Litsea cubeba Leaves Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Preserving Key Functional Components of the Colonic Barrier

by Bungo Shirouchi, Mai Okumura, Shiori Iwasaki, Shigeki Oogai, Kaede Yamasaki, Hiroyuki Katsuragi, Yasuo Nagata, Keisuke Tsuge, Kazunori Koba and Teruyoshi Yanagita

Nutraceuticals 2026, 6(2), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals6020041 - 15 Jun 2026

Viewed by 577

Abstract

The leaves and bark of Litsea species have traditionally been used as folk medicine to treat pain, headache, inflammation, diarrhea, and gastroenteritis. This study investigated whether dietary supplementation with Litsea cubeba leaves could preserve key functional components of the colonic barrier in a [...] Read more.

The leaves and bark of Litsea species have traditionally been used as folk medicine to treat pain, headache, inflammation, diarrhea, and gastroenteritis. This study investigated whether dietary supplementation with Litsea cubeba leaves could preserve key functional components of the colonic barrier in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with L. cubeba leaves (20 g/kg diet) for 2 weeks, and colitis was induced by administering 3% (w/v) DSS in drinking water during the final week. Dietary L. cubeba leaf supplementation significantly attenuated DSS-induced body weight loss and suppressed the increase in Disease Activity Index. In addition, L. cubeba leaf supplementation attenuated DSS-induced reduction in fecal immunoglobulin A content and significantly prevented the reduction in fecal mucin content, which are key functional components of the colonic barrier. Furthermore, plasma levels of the inflammatory chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were significantly decreased by L. cubeba leaf supplementation, accompanied by a reduction in plasma alanine aminotransferase activity, a marker of liver injury. These findings suggest that dietary L. cubeba leaf supplementation alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice, at least in part, by preserving key functional components of the colonic barrier rather than predominantly through direct suppression of colonic inflammatory gene expression. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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26 pages, 7416 KB

Open AccessArticle

Natto May Alleviate Retinoic Acid-Induced Osteoporosis by Activating Gut Microbiota–Bile Acid Axis and OPG/RANKL Signaling Pathway

by Bimi Zhang, Mubai Sun, Yongfu Liu, Tong Pan, Xuecong Zhang, Yuguang He, Xuetong Gan, Da Li, Xinyu Miao, Zhengyang Luo, Honghong Niu, Mei Hua and Jinghui Wang

Nutrients 2026, 18(12), 1927; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18121927 - 14 Jun 2026

Viewed by 561

Abstract

Background: Natto, a well-known fermented soybean product beneficial for bone health, remains unclear in its mechanism. Methods: This study investigated its effect on secondary osteoporosis (OP) in mice. Results: Natto significantly inhibited weight loss, bone quality deterioration, and bone morphological damage, and regulated [...] Read more.

Background: Natto, a well-known fermented soybean product beneficial for bone health, remains unclear in its mechanism. Methods: This study investigated its effect on secondary osteoporosis (OP) in mice. Results: Natto significantly inhibited weight loss, bone quality deterioration, and bone morphological damage, and regulated OPG/RANKL pathway protein expression (p < 0.05) in OP mice. Analysis of 16S rRNA revealed that natto increased gut microbiota α-diversity and the abundance of Sutterella, Roseburia, and Coprococcus, while reducing harmful bacteria such as Streptococcus, Shigella, and Helicobacter. These microbial changes positively correlated with body weight, bone size, and serum osteogenic metabolism in OP mice. Serum metabolomics showed differential metabolites of the natto group enriched in PPAR signaling and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Verification by mRNA and ELISA indicated that the upregulated liver and circulating PPARα by natto may regulate downstream bile acid pathways, linking gut microbiota to multi-organ metabolic functions. Conclusions: In summary, natto may act on gut microbiota to alleviate bone loss via the “gut microbiota–bile acid–OPG/RANKL” network, targeting multiple organs including gut, liver, and bone. This provides a theoretical basis for natto dietary intervention in osteoporosis prevention through the gut–bone axis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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10 pages, 626 KB

Open AccessArticle

Short-Term Gastrointestinal Tolerance and Oxygenation Changes After a Locust Bean Gum-Containing Formula in Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Paired Cohort Study

by Murat Konak, Evrim Kılıçlı, Saime Sündüs Uygun and Havvanur Namal

Nutrients 2026, 18(11), 1834; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18111834 - 5 Jun 2026

Viewed by 365

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Gastrointestinal dysmotility, abdominal discomfort, and feeding-related respiratory instability are common in preterm infants. Although locust bean gum (LBG)-containing formulas are used for regurgitation, their short-term effects on gastrointestinal tolerance in neonatal intensive care settings are not well defined. We evaluated short-term [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Gastrointestinal dysmotility, abdominal discomfort, and feeding-related respiratory instability are common in preterm infants. Although locust bean gum (LBG)-containing formulas are used for regurgitation, their short-term effects on gastrointestinal tolerance in neonatal intensive care settings are not well defined. We evaluated short-term changes in gastrointestinal tolerance and oxygenation after initiation of an LBG-containing formula and explored whether postmenstrual age (PMA) modified the response. Methods: This retrospective paired cohort study included 26 infants who received an LBG-containing anti-regurgitation formula, either alone or combined with human milk. Standardized ordinal scores (0–2) for stool consistency, straining, abdominal distension, gas passage, abdominal tenderness, mean oxygen saturation (SpO₂) category, and desaturation frequency were recorded at baseline (Day 0), Day 3, and Day 7. Paired comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and PMA-stratified differences were explored using Kruskal–Wallis analysis. Results: By Day 7, soft/normal stools were observed in 96.2% of infants (p = 0.00017), severe straining resolved in 87.5% (p = 1.6 × 10⁻⁵), abdominal distension improved in 96.2% (p = 2.4 × 10⁻⁶), and gas passage normalized in all infants (p = 0.00025). Mean SpO₂ category improved significantly (p = 0.0023), and the proportion of infants with rare or no desaturation increased from 61.5% to 96.2%. Growth velocity remained clinically acceptable. Infants with PMA < 34 weeks showed the largest improvements across outcomes. Conclusions: In this retrospective paired cohort, initiation of an LBG-containing formula was associated with short-term improvement in gastrointestinal tolerance and oxygenation indices in preterm infants. Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested possible heterogeneity of response across postmenstrual age strata; these observations require confirmation in adequately powered prospective studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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29 pages, 7858 KB

Open AccessReview

Ginseng Bioactive Components as Gut-Brain Axis-Targeted Modulators: Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms in Multifactorial Diseases

by Silu Liu, Lanshi Tian, Weijia Chen, Jianan Geng, Zhongmei He and Jia Zhou

Nutrients 2026, 18(11), 1778; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18111778 - 31 May 2026

Viewed by 986

Abstract

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) is a classic traditional Chinese herbal medicine with a history of clinical use that spans millennia. Its utilisation has long been established in the regulation of physical and mental equilibrium, in addition to the amelioration of [...] Read more.

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) is a classic traditional Chinese herbal medicine with a history of clinical use that spans millennia. Its utilisation has long been established in the regulation of physical and mental equilibrium, in addition to the amelioration of conditions pertaining to the heart, spleen, and brain. Recent studies have indicated that the core biological activity of the substance under investigation is mediated by key active components such as ginsenosides, polysaccharides, and polyphenols. These components are closely associated with the regulation of the gut-brain axis (GBA). However, extant reviews have predominantly concentrated on individual diseases or specific mechanisms, thereby lacking a thorough investigation into the comprehensive analysis of how ginseng components exert systemic effects via the GBA. This review systematically searched and analyzed published studies in major databases regarding the regulation of the GBA by ginseng bioactive components, summarizing the latest advances in its role as a multifactorial disease intervention regulator targeting the GBA. It has been demonstrated that ginseng components exert a multifaceted GBA regulatory effect through interconnected mechanisms, including modulation of the gut microbiota, protection of the intestinal barrier, anti-inflammatory actions, and regulation of neurotransmitters, showing promising preclinical therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases, mood disorders, metabolic diseases, and gastrointestinal disorders. Contrary to previous reviews, which focused on the description of individual ginseng components or specific diseases, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of how various bioactive components of ginseng modulate the gut-brain axis in relation to multiple disease categories through a systematic review. However, the preponderance of extant evidence derives from preclinical studies and necessitates further validation through clinical trials. This review provides pivotal directions and theoretical underpinnings for the clinical translation of ginseng’s bioactive components and the development of disease intervention strategies targeting the gut-brain axis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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16 pages, 1026 KB

Open AccessArticle

Efficacy and Safety of Salvia miltiorrhiza Extract (SAGX) Compared with Saw Palmetto in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Pilot Study

by Eun Young Kim, Eun Joo Lee, Joon Young Chang, Sang Jun Im, Young Ho Park and Ha Young Kim

Nutrients 2026, 18(11), 1752; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18111752 - 29 May 2026

Viewed by 844

Abstract

Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are prevalent among aging men and negatively affect quality of life. Salvia miltiorrhiza extract (SAGX), which exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has been developed as a functional ingredient to improve LUTS. However, comparative clinical data against established [...] Read more.

Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are prevalent among aging men and negatively affect quality of life. Salvia miltiorrhiza extract (SAGX), which exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has been developed as a functional ingredient to improve LUTS. However, comparative clinical data against established standards, such as saw palmetto, are currently lacking. Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of SAGX with saw palmetto extract in men with LUTS. Methods: In this randomized, parallel-group pilot study, 30 men with LUTS were assigned to receive either 400 mg of SAGX or 320 mg of saw palmetto extract once daily for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the LUTS-related quality-of-life (QoL) score. Secondary outcomes included changes in the erectile function assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse events. Results: SAGX supplementation resulted in a significantly greater reduction in total IPSS compared with the saw palmetto group (p = 0.031), with notable improvements in storage symptoms (p = 0.003) and QoL (p = 0.035). Erectile function also improved significantly in the SAGX group (p = 0.005). All adverse events were mild and transient, with treatment-related events occurring less frequently in the SAGX group. Conclusions: Although this study was a pilot study with a limited cohort, these findings provide preliminary evidence for the use of SAGX as a functional ingredient for supporting urinary health in men with LUTS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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22 pages, 1956 KB

Open AccessArticle

Subfractionation of Pistacia lentiscus L. var. Chia Neutral Fractions: Chemical Analysis and Evaluation of Their Biological Profiling

by Foteini D. Kalousi, Achilleas Georgantopoulos, Aurora Camola, Natasa P. Kalogiouri, Federica Pollastro and Anna-Maria G. Psarra

Nutraceuticals 2026, 6(2), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals6020033 - 15 May 2026

Viewed by 747

Abstract

Pistacia lentiscus L. var. Chia is an endemic tree cultivated in the Southern part of Chios Greek Island. Chios mastiha, the aromatic resin secreted from this tree, has been used as traditional remedy since ancient times to cure many peptic system diseases and [...] Read more.

Pistacia lentiscus L. var. Chia is an endemic tree cultivated in the Southern part of Chios Greek Island. Chios mastiha, the aromatic resin secreted from this tree, has been used as traditional remedy since ancient times to cure many peptic system diseases and as a nutritional agent. Nowadays, Chios mastiha has been widely investigated for its biological activities and its chemical composition. A major part of Chios mastiha’s bioactive compounds are triterpenoids, which are proposed to interfere with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling, acting as selective GR agonists. In this study a specific “neutral fraction” of Chios mastiha resin, a portion devoid of acidic triterpenoids, was investigated regarding its biological potential and chemical composition. The study aimed to determine if the neutral triterpenoids, the non-carboxylic ones, within this fraction drive Chios mastiha’s interference with GR signaling and whether it exhibits anti-inflammatory, apoptotic, and potential antilipidemic activities. The phytochemical characterization of this specific resin portion, applying ¹H NMR and HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis, identified novel unidentified Chios mastiha’s phenolic components (apigenin, astragalin, diosmetin, flavidin, genistein), a complex mixture of fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, oleic), non-carboxylic triterpenoids (lupeol, β-amyrin, keto-oleanolic aldehyde), and a trace of terpenoids. Biological assessment of DEX-induced GR transcriptional activation revealed that neutral triterpenoid fractions only minimally contribute to GR transcriptional activation while positively regulating GR and its target, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), protein levels. Additionally, negative regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) protein levels as well as inhibition of the TNFα-induced NF-κΒ activity and reduction in the p65 subunit of NF-κΒ protein levels, were observed, indicating potential antilipidemic and anti-inflammatory Chios mastiha’s neutral fraction activities, which were attributed to its composition in triterpenoids, fatty acids, and novel phenolic compounds. Moreover, mitochondrial-dependent induction of apoptosis accompanied by reduction in cell viability was observed in lupeol, β-amyrin, and fatty acids-enriched fractions. The plethora of bioactive compounds associated with a variety of Chios mastiha’s neutral fraction render Chios mastiha a valuable food additive and nutritional agent. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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18 pages, 1528 KB

Open AccessReview

Polyphenols and Cardiovascular Diseases: Molecular Insights and Nutraceutical Advances

by Ana Cecilia Cepeda-Nieto, Ileana Vera-Reyes, Gilberto Esquivel-Muñoz, Carlos Barrera-Ramírez, Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera, Jesús A. Padilla-Gámez, Eduardo Meneses-Sierra, Sunday Sedodo Nupo and Jesús Antonio Morlett-Chávez

Nutraceuticals 2026, 6(2), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals6020029 - 30 Apr 2026

Viewed by 1636

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite their often-asymptomatic progression and complex therapeutic management, a substantial proportion of CVDs is preventable through early intervention and lifestyle modification. However, effective pharmacological strategies to fully reduce disease burden and [...] Read more.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite their often-asymptomatic progression and complex therapeutic management, a substantial proportion of CVDs is preventable through early intervention and lifestyle modification. However, effective pharmacological strategies to fully reduce disease burden and associated risk factors remain limited. Polyphenols are a structurally diverse class of bioactive compounds widely distributed in plant-based foods, characterized by multiple phenolic and hydroxyl groups that confer potent redox-modulating properties. Increasing evidence indicates that dietary polyphenols exert cardioprotective effects through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and endothelial-modulating mechanisms. Experimental studies (in vitro and in vivo) have demonstrated that polyphenols regulate key molecular pathways involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular function, including PI3K/Akt/eNOS, AMPK/SIRT1, and Nrf2 signaling. In parallel, epidemiological and clinical evidence support their association with improvements in blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid profiles, and body weight, critical determinants of cardiovascular risk. Importantly, the biological response to polyphenol intake is highly variable and influenced by genetic background, metabolism, gut microbiota composition, and bioavailability constraints. This review provides an updated and integrative analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of polyphenols, emphasizing their role in endothelial function and nitric oxide bioavailability. Additionally, it highlights recent advances in polyphenol-based nutraceuticals, discusses translational limitations, and outlines future perspectives for their application in cardiovascular disease prevention and management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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20 pages, 4220 KB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Study of Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Potentials of Natural By-Products

by Na-Hyeon Park, Ji-A Byeon, Moon-Pil Jung, Ju-Young Kim, Seulki Yoon, Gyu Hoon Kim, Bo-Ae Kim and Yong-Jin Kwon

Nutraceuticals 2026, 6(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals6020021 - 30 Mar 2026

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 955

Abstract

Natural by-products (NBPs), including pomace, peels, stems, and skins, account for over 50% of materials generated during fresh fruit processing. Most of these are discarded or landfilled, contributing to environmental pollution. NBPs are rich in bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and flavonoids, suggesting their [...] Read more.

Natural by-products (NBPs), including pomace, peels, stems, and skins, account for over 50% of materials generated during fresh fruit processing. Most of these are discarded or landfilled, contributing to environmental pollution. NBPs are rich in bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and flavonoids, suggesting their potential as functional ingredients for health promotion. Accordingly, twelve types of NBPs from Korea were extracted with 70% ethanol. Each extract was comparatively evaluated at a uniform concentration for antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibition, and elastase inhibition activities. Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities were additionally evaluated to identify extracts with superior overall activity profiles. Based on these findings, four extracts exhibiting the highest activities were combined, and the NBP complex was further tested for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. Although certain individual NBPs extracts showed strong activities, the NBP complex exhibited enhanced overall effects. These findings indicate that selected NBPs, both individually and in combination, possess significant potential as health-promoting functional ingredients. The study provides scientific evidence supporting the valorization of fruit processing residues into value-added products while addressing environmental concerns associated with their disposal. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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25 pages, 2358 KB

Open AccessReview

Ginseng Promotes White Adipose Tissue Browning: A Network of Thermogenic Pathways and Gut Microbiota Modulation

by Luran Yang, Yueqiao Li, Jinghui Wang, Da Li, Yuguang He, Xinyu Miao, Mubai Sun, Honghong Niu, Zhengyang Luo, Mei Hua and Xinyan Zhou

Foods 2026, 15(6), 1037; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15061037 - 16 Mar 2026

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1051

Abstract

Obesity is characterized by abnormal adipose tissue expansion and energy metabolism imbalance. Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), wherein white adipocytes acquire thermogenic properties similar to brown adipose tissue, represents a key mechanism for increasing energy expenditure. Although ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. [...] Read more.

Obesity is characterized by abnormal adipose tissue expansion and energy metabolism imbalance. Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), wherein white adipocytes acquire thermogenic properties similar to brown adipose tissue, represents a key mechanism for increasing energy expenditure. Although ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is widely recognized as a health-promoting botanical, its role in WAT browning has not been fully elucidated. This review summarizes evidence that ginseng and its bioactive components regulate major thermogenic pathways, including β-adrenergic/cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase (cAMP-PKA) signaling, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)/coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) axis, thereby upregulating key markers such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) and type II iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2). These effects promote mitochondrial function and fatty acid oxidation, reduce lipogenesis, alleviate inflammation, and improve insulin sensitivity, collectively fostering a microenvironment conducive to browning. Furthermore, fermentation has been found to enhance the bioactivity and thermogenic efficacy of ginseng. Recent evidence indicates that gut microbiota and their metabolites—such as short-chain fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and bile acids—play a notable role in ginseng-induced thermogenesis via receptors including G-protein-coupled receptor 41/43 (GPR41/43), takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). These multi-organ interaction networks involving the gut–fat, gut–liver, and gut–brain axes reflect the role of ginseng in integrating systemic metabolism. In summary, this review discusses the multi-level regulatory network through which ginseng promotes WAT browning, providing a mechanistic basis for its potential application in body weight and metabolic health management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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21 pages, 5909 KB

Open AccessArticle

Curcumin-Loaded Lactoferrin/Pectin Core–Shell Structured Microgel Nanoparticles: Dual Regulatory Effects in Alleviating Inflammatory Bowel Disease

by Ming-Yu Jin, Sai-Yin Yu, Er-Feng Wang, Henan Zhang, Jing-Yi Xu, Chen Wang, Long-Qing Li and Jing-Kun Yan

Nutrients 2026, 18(6), 921; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18060921 - 14 Mar 2026

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 880

Abstract

Background: Curcumin (Cur) has therapeutic potential for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but is limited by its poor bioavailability. Methods: This study demonstrated that Cur-loaded core–shell structured microgel nanoparticles (LF/CP-Cur MN), fabricated through electrostatic complexation between lactoferrin and citrus pectin, followed by Ca²⁺ [...] Read more.

Background: Curcumin (Cur) has therapeutic potential for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but is limited by its poor bioavailability. Methods: This study demonstrated that Cur-loaded core–shell structured microgel nanoparticles (LF/CP-Cur MN), fabricated through electrostatic complexation between lactoferrin and citrus pectin, followed by Ca²⁺ consolidation, overcome this limitation. Results: These nanoparticles effectively reduced the bitterness and astringency of curcumin while prolonging its release time. In an IBD mouse model, LF/CP-Cur MN treatment mitigated symptoms and inflammation of IBD, and restored intestinal barrier integrity. Crucially, compared with free Cur, the LF/CP-Cur MN enhanced colon-targeted accumulation of Cur and favorably modulated the gut microbiota by increasing beneficial genera like Lactobacillus and Dubosiella, while suppressing harmful genera like Enterobacter, thereby promoting levels of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of the LF/CP-Cur MN to improve Cur bioaccessibility and exert dual functional roles in modulating gut microbiota and alleviating inflammation, thus offering a promising dietary strategy for the management of IBD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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40 pages, 3743 KB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Dietary D-Amino Acids as Context-Dependent Contronymic Molecules in Health and Oxidative Stress

by Hideo Yamasaki, Kakeru B. Mizumoto, Riko F. Naomasa and Michael F. Cohen

Nutraceuticals 2026, 6(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals6010015 - 3 Mar 2026

Viewed by 2224

Abstract

Recent advances in chiral analytical chemistry have revealed that fermented and natural foods contain substantial amounts of D-amino acids (D-AAs), the mirror-image counterparts of L-amino acids, leading to their recognition as nutraceutical components with potential health relevance. Although clinical evidence provides only limited [...] Read more.

Recent advances in chiral analytical chemistry have revealed that fermented and natural foods contain substantial amounts of D-amino acids (D-AAs), the mirror-image counterparts of L-amino acids, leading to their recognition as nutraceutical components with potential health relevance. Although clinical evidence provides only limited support for their therapeutic efficacy, commercial expectations have outpaced scientific validation, and recent safety concerns emphasize the need for critical evaluation. In this review, we integrate findings from food chemistry, microbiology, biochemistry, physiology, and clinical research to provide a critical overview of dietary D-AAs. We examine how dietary exposure, microbial metabolism, host clearance capacity, and redox status collectively shape their context-dependent biological effects. We highlight the mechanistic linkage between D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO)-mediated hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) generation and organ-specific vulnerability, thereby clarifying the molecular basis of their “double-edged sword” actions. Within this interdisciplinary framework, we propose that D-AAs function as context-dependent “contronymic” molecules in cellular communication. By distinguishing physiological regulation, experimental modulation, and clinical application, this review aims to support evidence-based nutraceutical strategies and safety assessments that harness the potential benefits of D-AAs while minimizing associated risks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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25 pages, 2212 KB

Open AccessArticle

Muno-IgY Supplementation Improves Respiratory Health, Immune Response, and Exercise-Induced Physiological Stress in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

by Shahna Fathima, Paul E. Kilgore, Tina Sarkar, Navneet Sharma and Huan H. Nguyen

Nutrients 2026, 18(3), 524; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18030524 - 4 Feb 2026

Viewed by 1964

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and exercise-induced immune perturbations are common in adults and may adversely affect quality of life, productivity, and physical performance. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY), a food-derived antibody with broad antimicrobial activity, has demonstrated immunomodulatory potential in preclinical and limited [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and exercise-induced immune perturbations are common in adults and may adversely affect quality of life, productivity, and physical performance. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY), a food-derived antibody with broad antimicrobial activity, has demonstrated immunomodulatory potential in preclinical and limited clinical studies. This study evaluated the effects of a multi-pathogen-specific IgY supplement (Muno-IgY) on respiratory health, immune and inflammatory markers, exercise-induced physiological stress, and gut microbiome composition in healthy adults. Methods: In this 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 28 healthy adults with a history of URTI were randomly allocated to receive Muno-IgY or placebo and URTI incidence, duration, and severity were recorded daily. Serum immune and inflammatory biomarkers were assessed longitudinally and in response to a standardized exercise challenge. Gut microbiome composition was analyzed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing at baseline and week 12. Safety and tolerability were assessed throughout the study. Results: URTI incidence was lower in the Muno-IgY group compared with placebo (14.3% vs. 35.7%), with shorter average duration and fewer missed workdays, though differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Following an acute exercise challenge, Muno-IgY supplementation resulted in a significant increase in serum IgA at 24 h post-exercise (p = 0.022) and a significantly greater reduction in lactate dehydrogenase at 1 h post-exercise compared with placebo (p < 0.0001). Exploratory gut microbiome analyses suggested favorable directional shifts, though these changes were not statistically tested. Conclusions: In this exploratory pilot study, Muno-IgY supplementation was safe and associated with significant improvements in selected markers of exercise-induced immune response and muscle damage. Numerical trends in URTI incidence and gut microbiome composition were observed but were not statistically significant. These findings are hypothesis-generating and support further evaluation of Muno-IgY in larger, adequately powered clinical trials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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12 pages, 1032 KB

Open AccessArticle

Water Kefir and Olive Leaf Polyphenols Attenuate Body Weight Gain and Excessive Adiposity in Diet-Induced Obese Rats

by Miguel Lopez-Yoldi, Amaia Huguet-Casquero, Paula Aranaz, José Ignacio Riezu-Boj, Marian Fernández-Fernández, Gorka Alkorta-Aranburu, Dante Fratebianchi, Eusebio Gainza and Fermin I. Milagro

Nutraceuticals 2026, 6(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals6010007 - 26 Jan 2026

Viewed by 1169

Abstract

Fermented foods and prebiotics are increasingly studied for their potential therapeutic roles in metabolic disorders. In this study, 52 male Wistar rats maintained on a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFS) diet were supplemented for 8 weeks with either water kefir (providing approximately 10⁵ CFU [...] Read more.

Fermented foods and prebiotics are increasingly studied for their potential therapeutic roles in metabolic disorders. In this study, 52 male Wistar rats maintained on a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFS) diet were supplemented for 8 weeks with either water kefir (providing approximately 10⁵ CFU per rat per day), olive leaf polyphenols (equivalent to 1.6 mg oleuropein daily), or a combination of both. Both interventions ameliorated HFS-diet induced weight gain, accompanied by reductions in subcutaneous and mesenteric fat, without additive effects when combined. Moreover, olive polyphenols decreased liver weight, suggesting a potential protective effect against hepatic steatosis through Fasn modulation. These metabolic improvements were accompanied by enhanced gut microbiota diversity. Together, these findings highlight water kefir and olive leaf polyphenols as potential dietary strategies for the management of obesity, hepatic steatosis, and dyslipidemia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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18 pages, 2558 KB

Open AccessArticle

Standardized Hericium erinaceus Extract Powder Improves Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Deficits via BDNF-Mediated Neuroplasticity

by Seon-Hyeok Kim, Se Jeong Kim, Eun Ji Ko, Hae Ran Lee, Seong Min Hong, Se Hwan Ryu, Dae Hee Lee, Young Guk Kim, Jeong Yun Yu, Jae Kang Lee, Mi Kyeong Lee and Sun Yeou Kim

Sci. Pharm. 2026, 94(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm94010012 - 23 Jan 2026

Viewed by 2446

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders are associated with progressive cognitive decline, primarily driven by cholinergic dysfunction and impaired synaptic signaling. Hericium erinaceus, also known as lion’s mane mushroom, has been reported to promote neuronal differentiation and synaptic plasticity. In this study, [...] Read more.

Alzheimer’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders are associated with progressive cognitive decline, primarily driven by cholinergic dysfunction and impaired synaptic signaling. Hericium erinaceus, also known as lion’s mane mushroom, has been reported to promote neuronal differentiation and synaptic plasticity. In this study, a standardized H. erinaceus extract powder (HEP) was prepared from fruiting bodies and quantified using hericene A as a marker compound. The neuroprotective effects of HEP were then evaluated in both cellular and animal models of scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction. Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with HEP (5–25 μg/mL) significantly improved cell viability and reduced scopolamine-induced apoptosis, while enhancing the activation of neuroplasticity-related signaling proteins, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In vivo, oral administration of HEP (300 mg/kg) to scopolamine-treated ICR mice markedly improved cognitive performance, increasing the recognition index to 63.8% compared with 41.6% in the scopolamine group, and enhancing spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test to 59.6%. These cognitive improvements were accompanied by preserved hippocampal neuronal structure and increased BDNF immunoreactivity. Additionally, HEP improved cholinergic function by restoring serum acetylcholine levels and reducing acetylcholinesterase activity. Collectively, these findings suggest that standardized HEP exerts neuroprotective and cognition-enhancing effects via modulation of cholinergic markers and activation of BDNF-mediated neuroplasticity, highlighting its potential as a functional food ingredient or nutraceutical for preventing cognitive decline related to cholinergic dysfunction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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22 pages, 6316 KB

Open AccessArticle

L-Quebrachitol Attenuates RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption in Ovariectomized Rat Model

by Purithat Rattajak, Aratee Aroonkesorn, Thanintorn Yodthong, Acharaporn Issuriya, Siriluk Maskaew, Carl Smythe, Rapepun Wititsuwannakul and Thanawat Pitakpornpreecha

Biomolecules 2026, 16(1), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16010168 - 20 Jan 2026

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 830

Abstract

Inositol is a natural carbocyclic sugar that plays an essential role in regulating the vital cellular functions of plants and animals. Existing research has explored methyl derivatives of inositol, reporting on their various biological activities, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-osteoporosis activities. Our previous [...] Read more.

Inositol is a natural carbocyclic sugar that plays an essential role in regulating the vital cellular functions of plants and animals. Existing research has explored methyl derivatives of inositol, reporting on their various biological activities, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-osteoporosis activities. Our previous study demonstrated that L-quebrachitol, a methyl derivative of inositol, enhances osteoblastogenesis and bone formation; however, its effect on osteoclastogenesis remains unclear. Consequently, we aimed to investigate the effect of L-quebrachitol on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis in pre-osteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells, and bone resorption in an ovariectomized rat model. The results revealed that L-quebrachitol suppressed RANK-mediated signaling, including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and Fos proto-oncogene (cFOS) pathways, at both the gene and protein levels. Moreover, the critical transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis, nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), was downregulated. Inhibition of osteoclast-associated marker genes encoding proteolytic enzymes, such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), and cathepsin K, led to reduced formation of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and resorption pits. In addition, proteasome subunit alpha type-5 (PSMA5), which is involved in the degradation of the NF-κB inhibitor, was also suppressed. In particular, the animal study clearly supported the bone homeostasis property of the agent by increasing the BV/TV (bone volume/total volume) and Tb.Th (trabecular thickness) in ovariectomized rats. These findings demonstrate the dose-dependent inhibitory effect of L-quebrachitol on osteoclastogenesis through the modulation of RANK-mediated signaling pathways and prevention of bone loss in an animal model. However, further exploration of the potential of L-quebrachitol as an effective approach for osteoporosis is required. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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43 pages, 10702 KB

Open AccessArticle

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JY062 Postbiotic Alleviated 3% DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice via Integrated Antioxidant, Barrier Repair, Immunomodulatory and Microbiota Modulation

by Jinfeng Guo, Yilin Sun, Kaiqi Gao, Haijie Zhao, Yue Su, Ying Zhao, Yu Zhang and Yujun Jiang

Antioxidants 2025, 14(10), 1256; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14101256 - 19 Oct 2025

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2227

Abstract

Ulcerative colitis (UC) with multifactorial etiology remains clinically challenging. While current pharmacotherapies alleviate symptoms, their long-term application is constrained by significant side effects. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JY062 postbiotic (Pa JY062) exerts multi-target therapeutic effects via integrated antioxidant, barrier repair, immunomodulatory and microbiota modulation for [...] Read more.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) with multifactorial etiology remains clinically challenging. While current pharmacotherapies alleviate symptoms, their long-term application is constrained by significant side effects. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JY062 postbiotic (Pa JY062) exerts multi-target therapeutic effects via integrated antioxidant, barrier repair, immunomodulatory and microbiota modulation for UC. Pa JY062 exhibited potent antioxidant capacity and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Caco-2 cells. In DSS-colitis mice, high-dose Pa JY062 (HP, 800 mg/kg) restored intestinal barrier integrity (Evans blue permeability: 0.0547 vs. 0.107, p < 0.01), enhanced antioxidant defenses (SOD: 9.43 vs. 5.5; GSH-Px: 62.74 vs. 40.94 U/mg protein, p < 0.01), and rebalanced Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg responses. LigiLactobacillus murinus (L. murinus) was enriched, while Bacteroides acidifaciens (B. acidifaciens) was diminished, SCFAs increased (acetate 2772.70 ± 21.08, propionate 669.84 ± 6.79, butyrate 324.14 ± 0.42 μg/g). Spearman correlations linked L. murinus to barrier proteins (ZO-1/Occludin/E-cadherin), contrasting B. acidifaciens–inflammation associations. These findings revealed that Pa JY062 exerted multi-target therapeutic effects on UC, and offered a wider array of options for intestinal health. Pa JY062 represents a promising natural antioxidant-based strategy for UC management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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15 pages, 2888 KB

Open AccessArticle

Mao Jian Black Tea Ethanol Extract Alleviates Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice via Regulation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

by Lei Wu, Xiaomeng Guo, Yao Niu, Siyu Li, Shiyu Jiang, Xinyuan Wang, Yukang Gao, Shan Zhang, Litao Zhou, Lingdan Yang, Zian Gao and Yuqing Yang

Foods 2025, 14(20), 3492; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14203492 - 14 Oct 2025

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1552

Abstract

This study investigates the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of Mao Jian Black tea ethanol extract (MJBT_EE) on a mouse model of acute alcohol-induced liver injury (ALI). The animal model was established using the NIAAA method, and C57BL/6 mice were divided into the [...] Read more.

This study investigates the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of Mao Jian Black tea ethanol extract (MJBT_EE) on a mouse model of acute alcohol-induced liver injury (ALI). The animal model was established using the NIAAA method, and C57BL/6 mice were divided into the following groups: negative control group (NC), model control group (MG), silibinin positive control group (SL, 54 mg/kg), and MJBT_EE high- and low-dose groups (40 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL). The results showed that, compared to the MG, MJBT_EE significantly reduced serum levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL-C, TBIL, ALP and inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β (p < 0.01), while upregulating HDL-C (p < 0.01). It also enhanced the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH (p < 0.01) and reduced MDA content (p < 0.01). Further histopathological examination of liver tissue revealed that MJBT_EE_H markedly alleviated hepatocellular hydropic degeneration, swelling, and steatosis. The mechanism of action of MJBT_EE_H primarily involved activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and suppression of excessive p-NF-κB activation. These findings indicate that Maojian black tea ethanol extract exerts significant protective effects against alcohol-induced liver injury, potentially through improving lipid metabolism, reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and modulating the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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10 pages, 1414 KB

Open AccessCommunication

Comparative Effects of the Potent Antioxidant 3,5-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl Alcohol and Gallic Acid on the Growth and Death of RAW264.7 Macrophages and Lung Cancer A549 Cells In Vitro

by Masayoshi Yamaguchi, Kenji Yoshiike, Emiko Miki, Hideaki Watanabe and Mitsugu Watanabe

Nutraceuticals 2025, 5(4), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals5040028 - 30 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1535

Abstract

DHMBA, a novel antioxidant derived from oyster, exhibits dual properties that block oxidative stress by acting as a radical scavenger in various cells. DHMBA has been shown to play a pharmacological role by exerting anti-macrophage and anti-cancer effects. Gallic acid, which is widely [...] Read more.

DHMBA, a novel antioxidant derived from oyster, exhibits dual properties that block oxidative stress by acting as a radical scavenger in various cells. DHMBA has been shown to play a pharmacological role by exerting anti-macrophage and anti-cancer effects. Gallic acid, which is widely distributed in edible plants, exhibits a potent antioxidant activity. In this study, we compared the effects of DHMBA and gallic acid using inflammatory macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) and human lung cancer cells (A549 cells) in vitro. In these cells, we demonstrated that DHMBA at comparatively lower concentrations (1 or 10 µM) significantly affected cell proliferation and stimulated cell death, resulting in a decrease in cell number. Gallic acid at 1 and 10 μM did not affect the proliferation or death of RAW264.7 and A549 cells. DHMBA may be a potent antioxidant that regulates cell function. Despite having the same molecular weight, the chemical structure of DHMBA and gallic acid exerted different effects. Notably, the combined DHMBA and gallic acid with comparatively lower concentrations (1 and 10 μM) showed potent effects in suppressing the proliferation of RAW264.7 and A549 cells. However, this combination did not induce a significant effect on cell death. Thus, the effects of DHMBA were potentiated in the presence of the antioxidant gallic acid. This finding suggests a potential effect induced by the combined antioxidants. This study provides a new strategy for disease prevention using the strong antioxidants DHMBA and gallic acid. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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19 pages, 1945 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Effect of Apple Cider Vinegar Intake on Body Composition in Humans with Type 2 Diabetes and/or Overweight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

by Alberto Castagna, Yvelise Ferro, Francesca Rita Noto, Rossella Bruno, Analucia Aragao Guimaraes, Carmelo Pujia, Elisa Mazza, Samantha Maurotti, Tiziana Montalcini and Arturo Pujia

Nutrients 2025, 17(18), 3000; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17183000 - 19 Sep 2025

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 40786

Abstract

Background: Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is a naturally fermented beverage with potential metabolic health benefits; however, its effects on weight loss remain controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the effect of ACV on anthropometric [...] Read more.

Background: Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is a naturally fermented beverage with potential metabolic health benefits; however, its effects on weight loss remain controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the effect of ACV on anthropometric measurements in adults. Methods: We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CENTRAL up to March 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥18 years) evaluating the effects of ACV for ≥4 weeks on body composition parameters. Primary outcomes included changes in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and other anthropometric measures. Risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-bias tool. Results: Out of 2961 reports screened, 10 RCTs comprising a total of 789 participants were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The pooled results using a random-effects model showed that daily ACV intake significantly reduced body weight [SMD: −0.39; 95% CI: −0.63, −0.15; p = 0.001; I² = 62%], BMI [SMD: −0.65; 95% CI: −1.05, −0.26; p = 0.001; I² = 83%], and WC [SMD: −0.34; 95% CI: −0.67, −0.02; p = 0.04; I² = 61%]. However, no significant effects of ACV were observed on the other body composition parameters analyzed. Sensitivity analyses excluding high-risk-of-bias studies confirmed the robustness of ACV’s beneficial effects on body weight and BMI. Subgroup analyses suggested that ACV consumption significantly improved anthropometric parameters when administered for up to 12 weeks, at a dose of 30 mL/day, and in adults who were overweight, obese, or had type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: Overall, this meta-analysis suggests that ACV supplementation may be a promising and accessible adjunctive strategy for short-term weight management in adults with excess body weight or metabolic complications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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16 pages, 2172 KB

Open AccessArticle

Systematic Purification of Peptides with In Vitro Antioxidant, Antihyperglycemic, Anti-Obesity, and Antidiabetic Potential Released from Sesame Byproduct Proteins

by Ulises Alan Mendoza-Barajas, Martha Elena Vázquez-Ontiveros, Jennifer Vianey Félix-Medina, Rosalio Velarde-Barraza, Jesús Christian Grimaldi-Olivas, Cesar Noe Badilla-Medina, Jesús Mateo Amillano-Cisneros and María Fernanda Quintero-Soto

Nutraceuticals 2025, 5(3), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals5030023 - 22 Aug 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2719

Abstract

Sesame oil extraction byproduct (SOEB) contains a high percentage of protein (49.81 g/100 g), making it a suitable plant-based source for producing protein hydrolysates with nutraceutical potential. In this study, albumins, globulins, glutelins, and prolamins fractions were extracted and characterized from SOEB. These [...] Read more.

Sesame oil extraction byproduct (SOEB) contains a high percentage of protein (49.81 g/100 g), making it a suitable plant-based source for producing protein hydrolysates with nutraceutical potential. In this study, albumins, globulins, glutelins, and prolamins fractions were extracted and characterized from SOEB. These fractions were then enzymatically hydrolyzed with alcalase, yielding high soluble protein content (>90%) and hydrolysis degrees ranging from 34.66 to 45.10%. The hydrolysates were fractionated by molecular weight (<5 kDa, 3–5 kDa, 1–3 kDa, and <1 kDa). These fractions demonstrated potential for inhibiting the DPPH radical (25.19–95.79%) and the α-glucosidase enzyme (40.14–55.63%), particularly the fractions with molecular weight <1 kDa. We identified 28 peptides, with molecular weights between 332.20 and 1096.63 Da, which showed potent antioxidant activities (IC₅₀ = 90.18 µg/mL), as well as inhibitory effects on key enzymes such as α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ = 61.48 µg/mL), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (IC₅₀ = 12.12 µg/mL), and pancreatic lipase (IC₅₀ = 6.14 mg/mL). These results demonstrate the antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity potential of SOEB peptides, highlighting their use in the formulation of new functional foods or nutraceuticals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease)

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