Effects of Climate Change on Viticulture (Grape)

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Climate change has many negative effects many countries economic sectors and viticulture is no exception. Temperature, drought, heat waves, new emerging diseases are some of the effects of climate change that negative impact in both on plant growth and product quality. Within the abiotic factors, drought stress is one of the major challenges, increasing the need to develop water stress resistant plants as well as new strategies (eg tailoring vineyard microbiome) to increase plant access to water. Climate change shows its impact in many different ways, within biotic stress, new emerging diseases as well as new outbreaks of well-established diseases create new challenges for viticulture, particularly when the reduction of pesticide application in the vineyards is a demand. Viticulture is one of the most polluting industries and thus the development of disease tolerant crossing hybrids, the identification of new molecules that prime grapevine immunity as well as the development of regenerative agriculture pratices are crucial New varieties that can adapt to changing climatic conditions urgently need to be developed with the help of modern techniques. However, in these studies, there is a need to develop stress-resistant species and varieties, rather than transgenic varieties, with marker-based selection and other identification techniques, paying attention to ethical issues as much as possible. In addition, in accordance with the increasing environmental and human health awareness, it is necessary to realize all these in accordance with the sustainable agriculture model.

Dr. Arif Atak
Dr. Andreia Figueiredo
Dr. Inmaculada Pascual
Dr. Fermin Morales
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Agronomy agronomy	3.3	6.2	2011	17.6 Days	CHF 2600
Horticulturae horticulturae	3.1	3.5	2015	16.9 Days	CHF 2200
International Journal of Plant Biology ijpb	-	2.0	2010	19.7 Days	CHF 1200
Life life	3.2	4.3	2011	17.8 Days	CHF 2600
Plants plants	4.0	6.5	2012	18.9 Days	CHF 2700

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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15 pages, 2029 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Korean Rainfall Patterns and the Effects of Excess Soil Moisture on Water Transport in Table Grapevines During the Growing Season Under Experimental Conditions

by Young-Min Choi, Dong-Geun Choi and Ju-Hee Song

Horticulturae 2025, 11(2), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11020221 - 19 Feb 2025

Viewed by 533

Abstract

Recent changes in rainfall patterns driven by climate change, including localized heavy rainfall, droughts, and prolonged rainy seasons, have significantly impacted grapevine growth and quality. An analysis of rainfall patterns in South Korea from 1995 to 2024 revealed that 54.5–58.0% of the annual [...] Read more.

Recent changes in rainfall patterns driven by climate change, including localized heavy rainfall, droughts, and prolonged rainy seasons, have significantly impacted grapevine growth and quality. An analysis of rainfall patterns in South Korea from 1995 to 2024 revealed that 54.5–58.0% of the annual average precipitation of 1357 mm occurs during the fruit enlargement period from June to August, at an average of seven consecutive days of rainfall, indicating a heightened potential for exposure to increased soil moisture stress for seven days annually. This study evaluated the physiological responses of grapevine cultivars ‘Campbell Early’ and ‘Jinok’ under flooding and excessive soil moisture conditions over a seven-day period. Both cultivars exhibited reductions in leaf (LWP) and stem (SWP) water potential, cumulative sap flow in the xylem (CSF), and photosynthetic rate (Pr) under flooding or excessive soil moisture conditions. At the same time, an increase was observed in the crop water stress index (CWSI) and relative leaf electrolyte leakage (REL). Several investigated parameters indicated impaired water uptake and transport under soil moisture stress conditions. Correlation analysis revealed that soil moisture was negatively correlated with the Pr and CSF, while it was positively correlated with LWP, SWP, REL, and CWSI. Our findings provide critical insights into the physiological responses of grapevines to rainfall variability and offer valuable guidance for future research in this field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Effects of Climate Change on Viticulture (Grape))

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16 pages, 599 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Apical, Late-Season Leaf Removal on Vine Performance and Wine Properties in Sangiovese Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.)

by Alberto Vercesi, Mario Gabrielli, Alessandra Garavani and Stefano Poni

Horticulturae 2024, 10(9), 929; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10090929 - 30 Aug 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 996

Abstract

An urgent challenge posed by climate change in warm grapevine-growing areas is accelerated ripening, which leads to rapid sugar accumulation while phenolics and aroma traits lag behind. Techniques that enable selectively delaying the sugar accumulation process without affecting the accumulation of secondary metabolites [...] Read more.

An urgent challenge posed by climate change in warm grapevine-growing areas is accelerated ripening, which leads to rapid sugar accumulation while phenolics and aroma traits lag behind. Techniques that enable selectively delaying the sugar accumulation process without affecting the accumulation of secondary metabolites are essential. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of apical-to-cluster defoliation, manually applied in 2019 at the onset of veraison (D₁) or 20 days later (D₂), which removed about 30–40% of the pending total leaf area without altering the cluster microclimate compared with a non-defoliated control (C). Ripening trends, vegetative growth, yield components, and the final grape and wine composition, as well as wine sensorial attributes, were assessed. Although both treatments significantly lowered the final leaf area-to-yield ratio (0.80–0.90 m²/kg) compared with the 1.35 m²/kg recorded in the C vines, only D₁ reduced the final total soluble solids (TSS) at harvest (2 °Brix less than C). However, the total anthocyanins were similarly limited, and titratable acidity (TA) did not differ from the C vines. The D₁ wine was deemed similar to that made from control plants. Conversely, D₂ failed to delay ripening, yet the D₂ wine was deemed superior in terms of olfactory intensity, body, fruitiness, balance, and overall preference. Although the study was conducted over a single season, the results are robust enough to conclude that the timing of defoliation—i.e., the level of TSS concurrently reached by the C treatment—is crucial to achieving specific effects. Early defoliation appears valid for postponing ripening into a cooler period, making it quite interesting in warm–hot areas with a very long growing season; a much later defoliation, likely due to the interaction between mean canopy age and more light filtering from above the cluster zone, can elevate the quality of and appreciation for the final wine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Effects of Climate Change on Viticulture (Grape))

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15 pages, 4222 KiB  

Open AccessCommunication

Could 101-14 Mgt Rootstock Affect Post-Spring Frost Vine Developing? Preliminary Findings

by Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa, Cristóbal Palacios-Peralta, Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez, Marjorie Reyes-Díaz, Ariel Muñoz and Alejandra Ribera-Fonseca

Horticulturae 2024, 10(8), 880; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080880 - 20 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1329

Abstract

(1) Background: Spring frost damage is a common phenomenon that occurs in Southern Chile that considerably affects vine productivity and grape quality. (2) Methods: A field trial was conducted in order to study vine phenology and berry physicochemical parameters in Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Spring frost damage is a common phenomenon that occurs in Southern Chile that considerably affects vine productivity and grape quality. (2) Methods: A field trial was conducted in order to study vine phenology and berry physicochemical parameters in Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir ungrafted and grafted (onto 101-14 Mgt rootstock) grapevines after a spring frost. This event killed the totality of primary bud shoots when the vines reached the phenological stage of unfolded leaves. (3) Results: From budburst, to flowering of secondary bud shoots, ungrafted Sauvignon Blanc grapevines presented an advanced phenology, whereas 101-14 Mgt rootstock tended to advance the maturity of Pinot Noir grapevines from flowering to ripening of berries. At harvest, berries from secondary buds of vines grafted onto 101-14 Mgt rootstock showed higher soluble solids than the ones from ungrafted Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc vines. High total phenolic content was found in berries from secondary buds of the grafted vines, compared to the ones from the ungrafted vines. Berry soluble solids variability tended to statistically decrease toward harvest in the studied plant materials, and the maximum coefficient of variation for soluble solids, berry weight, berry firmness and berry size reached 9.5%, 25.9%, 18.6% and 8.9%, respectively. (4) Conclusions: These preliminary results may be interesting for the Southern Chilean viticulturists since it seems that 101-14 Mgt rootstock could affect phenology and grape berry maturity of grapevines established in the Cautín Valley after spring frost damage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Effects of Climate Change on Viticulture (Grape))

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8 pages, 803 KiB  

Open AccessCommunication

Post-Frost Pruning Does Not Impact Vine Yield and Berry Composition in Young Grapevines

by Suraj Kar, Ricky W. Clark, Ian T. Ivey, Joseph B. DeShields, Jeremy Cusimano and Alexander D. Levin

Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 505; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050505 - 14 May 2024

Viewed by 1391

Abstract

Spring frost is a perennial and widespread problem across many cool climatic and high-elevation winegrowing regions of the world. Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir is an early budding cultivar; thus, it is particularly susceptible to late-spring frost damage. In late April 2022, [...] Read more.

Spring frost is a perennial and widespread problem across many cool climatic and high-elevation winegrowing regions of the world. Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir is an early budding cultivar; thus, it is particularly susceptible to late-spring frost damage. In late April 2022, an advective frost event occurred throughout Western Oregon winegrowing regions and subsequently damaged a substantial number of commercial vineyards. Growers often are unsure of how to manage grapevines after a frost event. Limited research has shown little-to-no effect of pruning vs. non-pruning strategies on vine yield and productivity. In addition, pruning a frost-affected vineyard incurs additional labor costs that may offset the cost–benefit balance for the grower. Therefore, in this experiment, the effect of two different post-frost pruning treatments (cane pruning and spur pruning) on vine yield, berry composition, and vine vegetative growth were tested. No effect of post-frost pruning treatments on vine yield, berry composition, and vine vegetative characteristics was observed. Cluster numbers, cluster weights, and berries per cluster only differed between cane- vs. spur-pruned vines. Therefore, leaving frost-affected vines alone and a scaled-back vineyard management practice could be practical for economic reasons. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Effects of Climate Change on Viticulture (Grape))

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17 pages, 2133 KiB  

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Improve the Performance of Tempranillo and Cabernet Sauvignon Facing Water Deficit under Current and Future Climatic Conditions

by Daria Kozikova, Inmaculada Pascual and Nieves Goicoechea

Plants 2024, 13(8), 1155; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13081155 - 22 Apr 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1817

Abstract

Climate change (CC) threatens Mediterranean viticulture. Rhizospheric microorganisms may be crucial for the adaptation of plants to CC. Our objective was to assess whether the association of two grapevine varieties with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increases grapevine’s resilience to environmental conditions that combine [...] Read more.

Climate change (CC) threatens Mediterranean viticulture. Rhizospheric microorganisms may be crucial for the adaptation of plants to CC. Our objective was to assess whether the association of two grapevine varieties with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increases grapevine’s resilience to environmental conditions that combine elevated atmospheric CO₂, increased air temperatures, and water deficit. Tempranillo (T) and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) plants, grafted onto R110 rootstocks, either inoculated (+M) or not (−M) with AMF, were grown in temperature-gradient greenhouses under two environmental conditions: (i) current conditions (ca. 400 ppm air CO₂ concentration plus ambient air temperature, CATA) and (ii) climate change conditions predicted by the year 2100 (700 ppm of CO₂ plus ambient air temperature +4 °C, CETE). From veraison to maturity, for plants of each variety, inoculation treatment and environmental conditions were also subjected to two levels of water availability: full irrigation (WW) or drought cycles (D). Therefore, the number of treatments applied to each grapevine variety was eight, resulting from the combination of two inoculation treatments (+M and −M), two environmental conditions (CATA and CETE), and two water availabilities (WW and D). In both grapevine varieties, early drought decreased leaf conductance and transpiration under both CATA and CETE conditions and more markedly in +M plants. Photosynthesis did not decrease very much, so the instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) increased, especially in drought +M plants under CETE conditions. The increase in WUE coincided with a lower intercellular-to-atmospheric CO₂ concentration ratio and reduced plant hydraulic conductance. In the long term, mycorrhization induced changes in the stomatal anatomy under water deficit and CETE conditions: density increased in T and decreased in CS, with smaller stomata in the latter. Although some responses were genotype-dependent, the interaction of the rootstock with AMF appeared to be a key factor in the acclimation of the grapevine to water deficit under both current and future CO₂ and temperature conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Effects of Climate Change on Viticulture (Grape))

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15 pages, 5244 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Structural and Spatial Shifts in the Viticulture Potential of Main European Wine Regions as an Effect of Climate Change

by Liviu Mihai Irimia, Cristian Valeriu Patriche, Théo Petitjean, Cyril Tissot, Luis Gonzaga Santesteban, Etienne Neethling, Chris Foss, Renan Le Roux and Hervé Quénol

Horticulturae 2024, 10(4), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10040413 - 19 Apr 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2177

Abstract

Climate change modifies the base climate of the wine regions and, with it, the structure of their traditional types of wine production, imposing measures to adapt, mitigate, or capitalize on the newly emerging conditions. In order to assess the impact of climate change [...] Read more.

Climate change modifies the base climate of the wine regions and, with it, the structure of their traditional types of wine production, imposing measures to adapt, mitigate, or capitalize on the newly emerging conditions. In order to assess the impact of climate change and establish the appropriate adaptation measures for each wine region, regional and local studies are needed, which allow knowledge of their current climate profile. The aim of this research was to identify the changes that appeared as an effect of climate change in the initial climate profile and the initial structure of the traditional types of wine production of Bordeaux (France), Loire Valley (France), Rhine-Main-Nahe (Germany), La Rioja (Spain) and Cotnari (Romania) wine regions, and also in climate suitability for wine production of the Sussex area from the UK. The study uses multi-year averages for the 1951–1990 and 1991–2010 time periods of reference bioclimatic indices for viticulture, namely the Average Temperature of the Growing Season (AvGST), the Huglin Index (HI), and the Oenoclimatic Aptitude Index (IAOe). The results of this research reveal significant changes in climate suitability for wine production of the studied wine regions: in the Bordeaux wine region, climate change led to the appearance of conditions for the cultivation of the Mediterranean climate varieties Grenache, Syrah, and Carignan; in the cool climate wine regions Rhine-Main-Nahe and Cotnari, traditional producers of white wines, the climate has also become suitable for the cultivation of Pinot noir and Cabernet franc varieties, and implicitly for the production of red wines; in all studied wine regions, the classes of climate suitability for viticulture shifted higher in altitude, as is the case of the La Rioja region, where, in the recent period, the grapevine can be grown up to 922.9 m asl, higher by 206.2 m compared to the 1951–1990 time period; in the low area of each wine region, one or even two new climate suitability classes for wine grape growing appeared. The shifts revealed by this research generate solid conclusions regarding the effect of climatic change on the viticultural potential of geographical areas, namely: in the context of climate change, the altitude of the wine region has a major influence on the evolution of the local viticulture potential; a higher topography allows a better adaptation of the wine region to climate change; low-elevation wine regions are more vulnerable to climate changes, especially the further south they are located; as an effect of climate change, conditions appear in the wine regions for the cultivation of new grapevine varieties and the production of new types of wine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Effects of Climate Change on Viticulture (Grape))

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24 pages, 11819 KiB  

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Effects of Global Warming on Grapevine Berries Phenolic Compounds—A Review

by Eleonora Cataldo, Aleš Eichmeier and Giovan Battista Mattii

Agronomy 2023, 13(9), 2192; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092192 - 22 Aug 2023

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3832

Abstract

The steadfast propensity to global warming has had a severe impact on overall viticulture. Given the observed increase in growing season temperatures in Europe (+1.7 °C from 1950 to 2004), between 2000 and 2049, it is assumed that temperatures for major wine regions [...] Read more.

The steadfast propensity to global warming has had a severe impact on overall viticulture. Given the observed increase in growing season temperatures in Europe (+1.7 °C from 1950 to 2004), between 2000 and 2049, it is assumed that temperatures for major wine regions will increase on average by about +0.42 °C per decade and will generally increase by +2.04 °C. Phenolic compound development is affected by environmental parameters such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, sunlight, maximum and minimum temperatures, and grapevine water status. Proanthocyanidins, flavan-3-ol monomers, and other pigmented polymers are impacted by soil management and canopy handling strategies, as well as obtaining a microclimate around the developing bunch. This review, after a necessary summary of the synthesis of phenolic compounds in the berry (flavonoids and non-flavonoids) to let the lector delve into the topic, describes the impact of climate change and therefore of environmental factors on their accumulation and storage throughout ripening and harvesting. For example, high berry temperatures can reduce the total concentrations of skin anthocyanin; a 35 °C temperature entirely obstructed anthocyanin synthesis, and instead quercetin 3-glucoside could be enhanced with exposure to solar radiation. In addition, increments via water deficit in the relative abundance of methoxylated anthocyanins were also found. The vineyard management strategies to mitigate the degradation of phenolic compounds and preserve their concentration are also further discussed. Finally, it is believed that it is necessary today to establish an elastic and variable approach towards the single wine year, moving away from the concept of product standardization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Effects of Climate Change on Viticulture (Grape))

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