Clinical, Translational, Basic Researches, and Application of Bacterial Toxins on Bladder Diseases and Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunctions

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, diagnosis and treatment of functional urology have attracted great attention in urology, gynecology, and neurology. Although functional bladder diseases and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) usually do not immediately affect general health, the LUTS have been found to have a great impact on mental health and quality of life. Clinically, these bladder diseases and bladder outlet dysfunctions result in storage and emptying symptoms. There is a wide spectrum of overlap between the bladder and bladder outlet diseases—for example, patients with overactive bladder or interstitial cystitis may have bladder storage symptoms and voiding dysfunction, and bladder hypersensitivity could result in a dysfunctional voiding during voiding. Male patients with bladder outlet obstruction may also have overactive bladder symptoms in addition to voiding difficulty. Furthermore, bladder dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injury may influence the upper urinary tract health and recurrent urinary tract infection. Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) might also be an early neurological sign of central nervous system disease, such as cerebral ischemia, Parkinson’s disease, or early dementia. Urodynamic study and electrophysiology study enable us to understand the etiology and physiology of LUTD. Using urine protein analysis, it is possible to diagnose different LUTDs and identify the pathophysiology of bladder or bladder outlet diseases. These clinical and research advances have brought bladder diseases and LUTD to a new era. Diagnosis of LUTD is not only based on clinical symptom and image study, but also on urodynamics, electrophysiology, and in the future, urine biomarkers analysis. Treatment of functional LUTD may include medicines, injecting agents, and surgical intervention. This Special Issue welcomes articles from clinical, translational, and basic research on any bladder diseases and LUTD, such as male or female bladder outlet obstruction, interstitial cystitis, overactive bladder syndrome, detrusor underactivity, neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction due to spinal cord injury, or central nervous diseases. With the collection of these articles, we hope to further advance functional urology.

Prof. Dr. Hann-Chorng Kuo
Dr. Yao-Chi Chuang
Dr. Chun-Hou Liao
Topic Editors