Topic Editors

Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Pharmacy Department, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, n.132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy

Biostimulants in Agriculture—2nd Edition

Abstract submission deadline
15 August 2025
Manuscript submission deadline
30 October 2025
Viewed by
3621

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant biostimulants are substances or microorganisms applied to plants, soils or seeds with the aim of enhancing crop yield, quality traits, plant tolerance to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses and/or nutrient use efficiency. The beneficial effects of plant biostimulants are usually not present because of their nutrient content but due to their regulatory effects on a plant’s metabolism. Furthmore, biostimulants are known to elicit positive plant responses at lower doses than traditional fertilizers. Some of the substances with the greatest abundance and diversity in the markets are humic substances (humic and fulvic acids), free amino acids, seaweed extracts, inorganic compounds and beneficial microorganisms (fungi and bacteria). An important source of biostimulants is waste streams, positioning these products in the spotlight for agricultural innovations aimed at achieving a circular economy.

The market of plant biostimulants has been growing rapidly. The use of plant biostimulants has allowed the concept of ecological intensification to be developed. Further, there is an awareness that agricultural productivity cannot decrease in the face of the need to feed a world population that continues to grow; instead, productivity must be increased by improving nutrient use efficiency and reducing the use of conventional fertilizers and other external inputs.

Research on plant biostimulants is gaining increasing attention among scientists. The list of scientific publications and reviews on the subject to date is considerable. Specifically, science has focused on the need to elucidate their modes of action, namely their impact at the molecular, cellular and/or whole-plant level, taking into account the complexity of substances that are used as plant biostimulants.

Although science has been doing a remarkable job, the information available for farmers to make their decisions remains vastly insufficient. Producers are encouraged to use these plant biostimulants due to positive publicity generated from scientific research and the advertising of the companies that have put them on the market. However, there is a lack of the detailed data necessary to allow farmers to use these products safely and with some guarantee that they will obtain a return on their investment. Thus, for this Special Issue, we intend to select a set of studies focused on end users (farmers) to guide them in making decisions about production factors entailing costs they have to bear. Field, greenhouse or hydroponic experiments are preferred, with conditions as close as possible to those used by farmers; this may also include examining drought, salt, low temperature and/or other stress conditions. So long as the experimental conditions and consistency in the results are duly established, studies that show positive, nonsignificant or negative responses of plants to the application of plant biostimulants will be equally considered.

Prof. Dr. Manuel Ângelo Rodrigues
Dr. Paolo Carletti
Dr. Domenico Ronga
Topic Editors

Keywords

  • plant biostimulants
  • protein hydrolysates
  • humic and fulvic acids
  • seaweed extracts
  • chitin and chitosan derivatives
  • inorganic compounds
  • beneficial microorganisms

Participating Journals

Journal Name Impact Factor CiteScore Launched Year First Decision (median) APC
Agriculture
agriculture
3.3 4.9 2011 19.2 Days CHF 2600 Submit
Agronomy
agronomy
3.3 6.2 2011 17.6 Days CHF 2600 Submit
Analytica
analytica
- 1.8 2020 17.9 Days CHF 1000 Submit
Horticulturae
horticulturae
3.1 3.5 2015 16.9 Days CHF 2200 Submit
International Journal of Plant Biology
ijpb
- 2.0 2010 19.7 Days CHF 1200 Submit
Plants
plants
4.0 6.5 2012 18.9 Days CHF 2700 Submit
Earth
earth
2.1 3.3 2020 23.7 Days CHF 1200 Submit
Agrochemicals
agrochemicals
- - 2022 16.7 Days CHF 1000 Submit

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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19 pages, 8755 KiB  
Article
Potential Use of Microalgae Isolated from the Natural Environment as Biofertilizers for the Growth and Development of Pak Choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis)
by Shahzad Ali, Jiawen Yu, Yue Qu, Tiantian Wang, Meilin He and Changhai Wang
Agriculture 2025, 15(8), 863; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15080863 - 16 Apr 2025
Viewed by 272
Abstract
Biofertilizers derived from microalgae are increasingly used as promising materials for improving crop growth and development, producing fewer catastrophic environmental effects. Hence, the large-scale production of eco-friendly and broad-spectrum microalgae biofertilizers is mandatory. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the potential efficacy [...] Read more.
Biofertilizers derived from microalgae are increasingly used as promising materials for improving crop growth and development, producing fewer catastrophic environmental effects. Hence, the large-scale production of eco-friendly and broad-spectrum microalgae biofertilizers is mandatory. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the potential efficacy of isolated algae strains, such as Spirulina platensis, Spirulina maxima, and Chlorella vulgaris, to improve the growth and development of Pak Choi. A completely randomized design (CRD) was carried out, with five replications and six levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 g) of each microalga biofertilizer, using Pak Choi as the test plant. Treatment with microalgae biofertilizers was found to increase Pak Choi’s overall growth performance, biochemical development, and nutritional composition. The application of Spirulina platensis and Spirulina maxima microalgae at 2 g as a biofertilizer showed significant (p < 0.05) positive impacts on above- and below-ground biomass, photosynthetic parameters, biochemical composition, and the nutritional attributes of different parts of Pak Choi tissues. With the addition of biofertilizer, incorporating Chlorella vulgaris (2.5 g) showed remarkable (p < 0.05) impacts on the development of above- and below-ground biomass and biochemical and nutritional attributes. Thus, our results highlight that Chlorella vulgaris (2.5 g) outperforms other biofertilizer treatments and could be considered a sustainable approach for producing leafy vegetables. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Biostimulants in Agriculture—2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 2468 KiB  
Article
Metabolic Regulation and Saline–Alkali Stress Response in Novel Symbionts of Epichloë bromicola-Bromus inermis
by Mengmeng Zhang, Chong Shi, Chuanzhe Wang, Yuehan Yao and Jiakun He
Plants 2025, 14(7), 1089; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14071089 - 1 Apr 2025
Viewed by 310
Abstract
Epichloë endophytic fungi are important microbial resources in agriculture and animal husbandry. Because of their stable symbiosis, species transmission, and positive effects on host plants, the use of endophytic fungi in grass breeding is of great significance. In this study, six inoculation methods [...] Read more.
Epichloë endophytic fungi are important microbial resources in agriculture and animal husbandry. Because of their stable symbiosis, species transmission, and positive effects on host plants, the use of endophytic fungi in grass breeding is of great significance. In this study, six inoculation methods were used, including the sterile seedling slit inoculation method, sterile seedling cut inoculation method, sterile seedling injection inoculation method, seed soaking inoculation method, seed piercing and then soaking inoculation method, and seed slit inoculation method. Spectrometry was used to construct new symbionts, and Liquid Chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to analyze the effects of endophytic fungi on the metabolism of new hosts. The physiological response of the new symbionts to salt and alkali stress was studied using a pot experiment. The results were as follows: In this study, Epichloë bromicola was successfully inoculated into Bromus inermis via the sterile seedling slit inoculation method, and new symbionts (EI) were obtained; the vaccination rate was 2.1%. Metabolites up-regulated by EI are significantly enriched in citrate cycle and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, suggesting that the symbiosis of endophytic fungi indirectly triggers the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through multiple metabolic pathways. The saline–alkali stress test showed that the host antioxidant system was active after inoculation, and the total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased compared with non-symbionts (EF) under mild stress (p < 0.05), which provided important clues to reveal the complex mechanism of plant–fungus symbiosis. This study provides practical guidance and a theoretical basis for plant adaptation under climate change, health management of grass seeds, and soil improvement through endophytic fungi. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Biostimulants in Agriculture—2nd Edition)
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25 pages, 13867 KiB  
Article
Tomato Biostimulation with Nanochitosan–Iodine Complexes: Enhancing Antioxidant Metabolism
by Luz Leticia Rivera-Solís, Hortensia Ortega-Ortiz, Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza, María Liliana Flores-López, Armando Robledo-Olivo and Susana González-Morales
Plants 2025, 14(5), 801; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14050801 - 5 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1033
Abstract
Biostimulants are currently essential for agriculture as they increase crop productivity and quality sustainably. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of biostimulation on the application of nanochitosan–iodine complexes (nCS-I) on tomato plants. Leaf samples were taken for analysis of [...] Read more.
Biostimulants are currently essential for agriculture as they increase crop productivity and quality sustainably. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of biostimulation on the application of nanochitosan–iodine complexes (nCS-I) on tomato plants. Leaf samples were taken for analysis of total protein content, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymatic activity, mineral and iodine contents, gene expression, and shelf life in tomato fruit. The catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities increased significantly with the application of nanochitosan (nCS) and nanochitosan–potassium iodate (nCS-KIO3) and nanochitosan–potassium iodide (nCS-KI) complexes and the iodine salts potassium iodate (KIO3) and potassium iodide (KI). The total protein content and photosynthetic pigments also increased significantly with the application of the treatments. The mineral and iodine contents did not change with the application of the treatments. Similarly, overexpression of the SOD, GPX, and CAT genes was observed. Finally, in the shelf life test, an increase in the total phenols and antioxidant capacity was observed with the application of the treatments. This study shows that the use of nCS-I complexes can modulate different transcriptional and post-translational processes with possible synergistic effects on the antioxidant metabolism of tomato plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Biostimulants in Agriculture—2nd Edition)
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22 pages, 6741 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Sweet Sorghum Growth and Soil Quality in Coastal Saline–Alkali Soils Through Organic Acid-Containing Bio-Based Materials and Microbial Synergy
by Wei Xue, Shengjie Yang, Xiaoyu Liu, Man Qian, Huiyan Wang, He Yang, Xinbao Liu, Yixin Shen, Jianlong Li and Zhengguo Sun
Agronomy 2025, 15(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15010056 - 28 Dec 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1333
Abstract
Coastal mudflats are characterized by high salinity and alkalinity, along with low mineral nutrient availability, making it challenging to achieve high biomass or effective yields when directly cultivating food or fodder crops. Exogenous complex saline soil amendments can enhance forage production, but their [...] Read more.
Coastal mudflats are characterized by high salinity and alkalinity, along with low mineral nutrient availability, making it challenging to achieve high biomass or effective yields when directly cultivating food or fodder crops. Exogenous complex saline soil amendments can enhance forage production, but their effects on soil salinity reduction and nutrient activation remain unclear. This study used pot experiments and laboratory analyses to investigate these effects. A 0.3% saline–alkali soil was treated with a combination of organic acids (fulvic acid and citric acid), bio-based materials (cow dung and pine needles), and beneficial microbial mixtures (Priestia megaterium + Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis + Aspergillus niger, and Bacillus pumilus + Paecilomyces lilacinus). The organic acid bio-modifier significantly alleviated salinity stress in sweet sorghum, reducing soil salinity, increasing soil nutrient levels, enhancing root vigor and photosynthesis, and improving plant morphology, resulting in higher biomass yields. Among the factors tested, bio-based materials had the most pronounced effect. Citric acid, pine needles, Priestia megaterium, and Trichoderma harzianum enhanced sweet sorghum growth during the seedling stage, whereas fulvic acid, pine needles, Bacillus pumilus, and Paecilomyces lilacinus were more beneficial during the elongation stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Biostimulants in Agriculture—2nd Edition)
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