Advances in Piezoelectric/Ultrasonic Sensors and Actuators-2nd Volume

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

The piezoelectric/ultrasonic sensor and actuator is an important member of the sensor and actuator family. They utilize the piezoelectric effect and vibration excited through piezoelectric materials to implement sensing and actuating functions. Although they have already been applied in almost every industrial field, advances in piezoelectric materials and in the working principles, fabrication process, structure design, and system integration will definitely further widen the application range of piezoelectric/ultrasonic sensors and actuators. Following 1st Volume on this topic (https://www.mdpi.com/topics/piezo_ultrasonic_sensors_actuators), we would like to introduce 2nd Volume. This interdisciplinary topic covers the latest advances in piezoelectric/ultrasonic sensors and actuators, including (but not limited to) the following:

• New piezoelectric materials;
• Development in the working principles of piezoelectric/ultrasonic sensors and actuators;
• Ultrasonic physical/chemical effects;
• Piezoelectric transducers;
• New sensing and actuating functions of piezoelectric devices;
• The modeling of piezoelectric/ultrasonic sensors and actuators;
• New topological structures of piezoelectric/ultrasonic actuators;
• Efficient fabrication methods for piezoelectric sensors and actuators;
• Ultrasonic catalysis and its applications;
• The design and integration of ultrasonic sensor and actuator systems;
• The application of machining learning methods in piezoelectric/ultrasonic sensor systems;
• Piezoelectric/ultrasonic-sensor-based high-performance measurement and analysis;
• Ultrasonic manipulation, treatment, fabrication, drive, etc.;
• The application of ultrasonic actuation in sensing systems;
• The application of ultrasonic sensing in actuation systems.

Prof. Dr. Junhui Hu
Prof. Dr. Ming Yang
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Actuators actuators	2.2	3.9	2012	16.5 Days	CHF 2400	Submit
Materials materials	3.1	5.8	2008	15.5 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Micromachines micromachines	3.0	5.2	2010	17.7 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Sensors sensors	3.4	7.3	2001	16.8 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Vibration vibration	1.9	3.2	2018	22 Days	CHF 1600	Submit

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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All Actuators Materials Micromachines Sensors Vibration

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20 pages, 4703 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Mechanical Strain, Temperature, and Misalignment Effects on Data Communication between Piezoceramic Ultrasonic Transducers

by Isabel Giron Camerini, Luis Paulo Brasil de Souza, Paula Medeiros Proença Gouvea and Arthur Martins Barbosa Braga

Sensors 2024, 24(17), 5561; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175561 - 28 Aug 2024

Viewed by 278

Abstract

Acoustic waves can be used for wireless telemetry as an alternative to situations where electrical or optical penetrators are unsuitable. However, the response of the ultrasonic transducer can be greatly affected by temperature variations, mechanical deformations, misalignment between transducers, and multiple layers in [...] Read more.

Acoustic waves can be used for wireless telemetry as an alternative to situations where electrical or optical penetrators are unsuitable. However, the response of the ultrasonic transducer can be greatly affected by temperature variations, mechanical deformations, misalignment between transducers, and multiple layers in the propagation zone. Therefore, this work sought to quantify such influences on communication between ultrasonic transducers. The experimental measurements were performed at the frequency where power transfer is maximized. Moreover, there were four experimental models, each with its own performed setup. The ultrasonic transducers are attached to both sides of a 6 mm thick stainless-steel plate for configuring just one barrier. Multiple layers of transducers are attached to the outer side of two plates immersed in an acoustic fluid with a 100 mm thick barrier. In both cases, the S21 parameter was used to quantify the influence of the physical barrier because it correlates with the power flow between ports that return after a given excitation. The results showed that when a maximum deformation of 1250 $\mathsf{\mu }\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{m}$ was applied, the amplitude of the S21 parameter varied around +0.7 dB. Furthermore, increasing the temperature from 30 to 100 °C slightly affected the S21 (+0.8 dB), but the signal decayed quickly for temperatures beyond 100 °C. Additionally, the ultrasonic communication with a multiple layer was found to occur under misalignment with an intersection area of up to 40%. None of the factors evaluated resulted in insufficient power transfer, except for a large misalignment between the transducers. Such results indicate that this type of communication can be a robust alternative, with a minimum alignment of 40% between transducers and electrical penetrators. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Piezoelectric/Ultrasonic Sensors and Actuators-2nd Volume)

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15 pages, 4483 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

High-Resolution Rotation-Measuring System for MEMS Ultrasonic Motors Using Tunneling Magnetoresistance Sensors

by Jiangbo He, Qiuyue Feng, Yu Chen, Tianyu Yang, Xiaoshi Li and Wu Zhou

Micromachines 2024, 15(8), 1028; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15081028 - 12 Aug 2024

Viewed by 744

Abstract

This study proposes a high-resolution rotation-measuring system for miniaturized MEMS ultrasonic motors using tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors for the first time. Initially, the architecture and principle of the rotation-measuring system are described in detail. Then, the finite element simulation is implemented to determine [...] Read more.

This study proposes a high-resolution rotation-measuring system for miniaturized MEMS ultrasonic motors using tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors for the first time. Initially, the architecture and principle of the rotation-measuring system are described in detail. Then, the finite element simulation is implemented to determine the miniaturized permanent magnet’s residual magnetization, dimensions, and TMR sensor position. Finally, the experiments are implemented to evaluate the performance. Using calibration based on a high-precision servo motor, it is found that the relationship between the output and rotational angle is highly linear and immune to the rotor’s out-of-plane movement. Meanwhile, the angle-detecting resolution is higher than 0.1°. After the calibration, the continuous rotation of the MEMS ultrasonic motor is tested. It is found that the angle testing result varies with a period close to 360°, which indicates that the rotation-measuring system has successfully detected the motor’s rotation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Piezoelectric/Ultrasonic Sensors and Actuators-2nd Volume)

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17 pages, 26385 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Development of a Plate Linear Ultrasonic Motor Using the Power Flow Method

by Yue Jian, Zhen Liu, Junfeng He, Wenjie Zhou and Huazhuo Liang

Micromachines 2024, 15(8), 1016; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15081016 - 8 Aug 2024

Viewed by 514

Abstract

Linear ultrasonic motors can output large thrust stably in a narrow space. In this paper, a plate linear ultrasonic motor is studied. Firstly, the configuration and operating principle of the $\Pi$-type linear ultrasonic motor is illustrated. Then, two slotting schemes are put [...] Read more.

Linear ultrasonic motors can output large thrust stably in a narrow space. In this paper, a plate linear ultrasonic motor is studied. Firstly, the configuration and operating principle of the $\Pi$-type linear ultrasonic motor is illustrated. Then, two slotting schemes are put forward for the stator to enlarge the amplitude of the driving foot and improve the output performance of motor. After that, a novel optimization method based on the power flow method is suggested to describe the energy flow of stator, so as to estimate the slotting schemes. Finally, the prototypes are manufactured and tested. The experimental results show that the output performance of both new motors are excellent. The maximum output thrust of the arc slotted motor is 76 N/94 N, and the corresponding maximum no-load speed is 283 mm/s/213 mm/s, while the maximum output thrust of V-slotted motor reaches 90 N/120 N, and the maximum no-load speed reaches 223 mm/s/368 mm/s. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Piezoelectric/Ultrasonic Sensors and Actuators-2nd Volume)

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14 pages, 6697 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation of Stainless-Steel Resistance Spot Welding Based on Spiral C-Scan Technique

by Liang Yang, Rongyan Chuai, Guixi Cai, Dan Xue, Jingming Li, Kunlin Liu and Chang Liu

Sensors 2024, 24(15), 4771; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24154771 - 23 Jul 2024

Viewed by 638

Abstract

In order to achieve the non-destructive testing and quality evaluation of stainless-steel resistance spot welding (RSW) joints, a portable ultrasonic spiral C-scan testing instrument was developed based on the principle of ultrasonic pulse reflection. A mathematical model for the quality evaluation of RSW [...] Read more.

In order to achieve the non-destructive testing and quality evaluation of stainless-steel resistance spot welding (RSW) joints, a portable ultrasonic spiral C-scan testing instrument was developed based on the principle of ultrasonic pulse reflection. A mathematical model for the quality evaluation of RSW joints was established, and the centroid of the ultrasonic C-scan image in the nugget zone of the RSW was determined based on the principle of static moment. The longest and shortest axes passing through the centroid in the image were extracted, and the ratio of the longest axis to the shortest axis (RLS) factor and the average of axis (AOA) factor were calculated, respectively, to evaluate the quality of the joint. To study the effectiveness of the detection results, tensile tests, and stereo analysis were conducted on the solder joints after sampling. The results indicate that this detection method can realize online detection and significantly improve the detection efficiency; the detection value of internal defect size is close to the true value with an error of 0.1 mm; the combination of RLS and AOA factors can be used to evaluate the mechanical properties of RSW joints. This technology can be used to solve the NDT, evaluate problems of RSW joints, and realize engineering applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Piezoelectric/Ultrasonic Sensors and Actuators-2nd Volume)

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12 pages, 1878 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

The Sliding Mode Control for Piezoelectric Tip/Tilt Platform on Precision Motion Tracking

by Xianfeng Zeng, Xiaozhi Zhang and Feng Nan

Actuators 2024, 13(7), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/act13070269 - 17 Jul 2024

Viewed by 567

Abstract

This paper presents the design of a sliding mode controller to compensate hysteresis nonlinearity and achieve precision motion tracking for a novel piezoelectric tip/tilt platform driven by a PZT actuator. The sliding mode control scheme is based on the unique physical characteristics of [...] Read more.

This paper presents the design of a sliding mode controller to compensate hysteresis nonlinearity and achieve precision motion tracking for a novel piezoelectric tip/tilt platform driven by a PZT actuator. The sliding mode control scheme is based on the unique physical characteristics of the piezoelectric tip/tilt platform. The proposed scheme effectively guides the platform state onto a predefined sliding surface and ensures its sustained movement along this manifold. This approach reduces tracking errors compared to conventional methodologies. The stability of the sliding mode control scheme is demonstrated by the Lyapunov theory framework. It achieves precise motion control with minimal tracking error on a piezoelectric tip/tilt platform. The properties of the controller have been confirmed through experimental tests. The proposed control scheme enhances the robust tracking and stability performance on the piezoelectric tip/tilt platform, outperforming traditional control schemes. Compared with the P562.6CD produced by PI Germany, the proposed innovative approach not only boosts the platform’s resolution by 32% but also implements a 33% reduction in cost. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Piezoelectric/Ultrasonic Sensors and Actuators-2nd Volume)

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13 pages, 3517 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Properties and Macroscopic Defects of Metallic Bars, Pipes, and Strands through the Spectrum of Low-Frequency Excitations

by Matteo Mancini, Bruno Turchetta and Matteo Cirillo

Materials 2024, 17(10), 2171; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17102171 - 7 May 2024

Viewed by 584

Abstract

It is demonstrated that the application of piezoelectric sensors to metallic bars and strands can enable determining the status of the integrity of these elements through the spectrum of their acoustic excitations. The voltage output of the piezo, secured to metal bars or [...] Read more.

It is demonstrated that the application of piezoelectric sensors to metallic bars and strands can enable determining the status of the integrity of these elements through the spectrum of their acoustic excitations. The voltage output of the piezo, secured to metal bars or strands, is fed to the input of a Fast Fourier Transform analyzer, which allows displaying the spectrum of the excitations from which information on the length, overall quality of the metal, and the presence of defects can be obtained. We show that the analysis, performed on several materials and strands of different lengths, could be useful for cases in which visible inspection and/or direct access to the entire body of the metallic elements is not possible. Applications of our study for testing metallic structures embedded in concrete foundations are reported for construction sites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Piezoelectric/Ultrasonic Sensors and Actuators-2nd Volume)

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14 pages, 7711 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Feasibility Study for Monitoring an Ultrasonic System Using Structurally Integrated Piezoceramics

by Jonas M. Werner, Tim Krüger and Welf-Guntram Drossel

Sensors 2024, 24(3), 1036; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24031036 - 5 Feb 2024

Viewed by 1052

Abstract

This paper presents a new approach to monitoring ultrasonic systems using structurally integrated piezoceramics. These are integrated into the sonotrode at different points and with different orientations. The procedure for integrating the piezoceramics into the sonotrode and their performance is experimentally investigated. We [...] Read more.

This paper presents a new approach to monitoring ultrasonic systems using structurally integrated piezoceramics. These are integrated into the sonotrode at different points and with different orientations. The procedure for integrating the piezoceramics into the sonotrode and their performance is experimentally investigated. We examine whether the measured signal can be used to determine the optimal operating frequency of the ultrasonic system, if integrating several piezoceramics enables discernment of the current vibration shape, and if the piezoceramics can withstand the high strains caused by the vibrations in a frequency range of approximately 20–25 kHz. The signals from the piezoceramic sensors are compared to the real-time displacement at different points of the sonotrode using a 3D laser scanning vibrometer. To evaluate the performance of the sensors, different kinds of excitation of the ultrasonic system are chosen. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Piezoelectric/Ultrasonic Sensors and Actuators-2nd Volume)

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